LESSON 1

A. Discuss these questions:

1. Why can wearing dark clothes at night be dangerous? Why do traffic police in
some countries wear orange?
Wearing dark clothes at night can be dangerous because it makes you harder to see
in low-light conditions. For example, if you're walking on a road at night and
wearing dark clothing, drivers might not notice you until it's too late to avoid an
accident. To stay safe, you should wear bright or reflective clothing to reduce the
risk of accidents.
Traffic police in some countries wear orange because it is a highly visible color,
especially in low-light conditions. The bright orange stands out against various
backgrounds, making it easier for drivers to spot them from a distance. For instance,
if a police officer is directing traffic at night or during heavy rain, the orange uniform
helps ensure they are seen quickly, which is crucial for maintaining safety on the
roads.
2. Imagine you want to paint your house. What color do you choose? Why?
If I were to paint my house, I would choose a light blue color. Light blue is calming
and creates a peaceful atmosphere. Additionally, light colors tend to make spaces
feel larger and brighter. Light blue can pair well with other colors, so it’s easy to
decorate the house with colorful items.
3. Look at the photo. How is color useful to this animal?
The blue and gray colors of the chameleon help it blend into its surroundings, such
as a tree branch. This camouflage makes it harder for predators to spot the chameleon
and allows it to attack prey more effectively.
Purposes for using colors
a. To affect moods:
Colors can influence how people feel. For example, blue is often used in bedrooms
because it has a calming effect, helping people relax and sleep better. On the other
hand, yellow is a bright, cheerful color that can boost energy and positivity.
b. For symbolic reasons:
Colors often carry symbolic meanings in different cultures. For instance, white is
commonly associated with purity and peace in many Western cultures, which is why
brides traditionally wear white wedding dresses. In contrast, in some Eastern
cultures, white is associated with death.
c. Hospitals use relaxing colors:
Hospitals often use colors like light green or pale blue because they are soothing and
can help reduce stress. These colors create a calm environment for patients, aiding
in their recovery and making the hospital feel less frightening.
d. To attract attention:
Bright and bold colors, like red or neon yellow, are often used to grab attention
quickly. For example, sale signs in stores often use red to catch shoppers' eyes and
alert them to special offers.
e. Different-colored notebooks:
Using different-colored notebooks is a simple way to organize and differentiate
between subjects. For instance, a student might use a blue notebook for math and a
green one for science, making it easy to find the right notebook for each class.
f. To organize:
Colors are frequently used to organize and categorize information. For example, in
an office, files might be color-coded: red for urgent, blue for pending, and green for
completed tasks. This visual system makes it easier to manage and track work.
g. Wearing school colors:
Wearing school colors, like on uniforms or at sports events, fosters a sense of unity
and pride among students. For example, students in CTU wear blue and white
uniforms. Whether attending classes, participating in university events, or
supporting the university's sports teams, wearing uniforms helps students feel
connected to CTU. These colors become a powerful symbol of their identity as part
of the CTU community.
h. Big red letters on a sign:
Big red letters on a sign are used to convey important information because red is a
color that naturally draws attention. For example, a "STOP" sign is red with white
letters because the color red signals urgency and importance, making drivers pay
attention.

Black, grey, white,

yellow, red, blue,etc….

Forests,
schools,…

Grey, black, white,

etc…

Ceilings, streets

Orange, black,
white, grey, etc…

Forests, schools

1. How easy or difficult is it to see these animals?

It is easy to see these animals in our life. We can see them wherever we live such as
our houses, universities, parks, etc…
2. What are the purposes or meanings of these colors to them?
Birds: their colors help them find a mate or show that they are strong.
Mice: Grey or black fur can help them blend in with their surroundings and keep
them safe.
Cats: they can have various colors such as black, white, orange, etc. I think these
colors don’t have any specific meaning for them.
Note-taking skill
A. Finish labelling a leaf and write notes

Midrib runs top to bottom of leaf, veins distribute water, leaves make food from CO2
= photosynthesis
Preview the listening
A. Vocabulary
1. hide
→ a. go to a place where no one can see them
2. warning
→ b. a call that means danger
3. poison
→ a. something that is dangerous to touch or eat
4. skin
→ a. outer covering of your body
5. wings
→ b. body parts used to fly
6. survive
→ a. stay alive
7. predators
→ b. animals that kill and eat other animals
8. insects
→ a. an animal like an ant or a bee
C. Preview
1. Look at photos 1 and 2. Why is it difficult to see the animals in these photos?
Because these animals have colors of their bodies similar with the environments
around them.
2. Look at photo 3. Is it easy or difficult to see the frog?
Yes, it is easy to see the frog. It has the color blue and we can easily realize it.
3. Why do you think the animals have these colors?
The animals in pictures 1 and 2 have these colors to camouflage them from predators
to keep them safe. The frog have the color blue in picture 3 is an alert that it is
poisonous.
B. Listen and take notes
A false-leaf katydid: it camouflages by make its wings look like leaves, got name
from sound.
Cryptic frog: it takes colors from environment.
Blue poison dart frog: give a warning by blue color, dangerous, poisonous, eat it →
die.
C. Complete the chart with the words in the box

green brown blue

among the green leaves on the forest floor in the rain forest
SCRIPT:
The colors of nature. Aren't they wonderful? Birds, flowers, insects-so many
different colors. And it's not only that they're beautiful. Colors in nature have many
different uses. Many animals use color to help them survive. Today we're going to
look at two ways that animals do this.
The first way animals use color is to protect them from danger. Color helps animals
hide from predators. Scientists refer to this as camouflage. For instance, look at
thisfirst photo. What do you see? Some green leaves, right? But wait! One of those
leaves is actually an insect. There's a false-leaf katydid sitting on a leaf. Look
carefully and you can see its legs and its head. Its wings look just like leaves.
Katydids are common insects all over the world. Here's a little extra information
about katydids. They got their English name "katydid"-from the sound they make.
People thought it sounded like the two words "Katy" (a girl's name) and "did."
Listen. It sounds like they're saying "katydidkatydidkatydid." You know, I wonder
who Katy is and what she did!
Anyway, back to colors. Now look at the next photo of a cryptic frog. Can you find
the frog? Look closely and you can see it on the left. It is sitting on the leaf. It takes
its colors from the brown leaves and rocks on the forest floor. This is another
example of camouflage. It's almost impossible to see this little guy unless he moves.
Even then it looks like the wind is blowing a brown leaf across the forest floor.A
second use for color is to give a warning. This is the opposite of camouflage. These
animals want you to see them. Their bright colors say, "Watch out! I'm dangerous. If
you touch me, I'll hurt you." Many predators also know from experience that a bright
color means danger. Let me give you an example. This is a photo of a blue poison
dart frog. These frogs live in the rain forests of Suriname in South America. Their
skin contains a very strong poison. The poison in just one frog is enough to kill ten
men. Its bright blue color says to predators, "If you eat me, you will die." Believe
me, if I see one of these in the forest, I will give it plenty of space!
Now on next week's show, we're going to meet a very unusual bird called the
bowerbird. This little bird loves the color blue. Tune in next week to find out what
he does with it.

Discussion questions
1. What does the word camouflage mean?
The word “Camouflage” means coloring that helps an animal blend into its
surroundings.
2. Why do animals use camouflage? Give an example from the Listening or from
your own experience.
Animals use camouflage to hide themselves from predators to stay safe or to alert
other animals that they are poisonous. For instance, the chameleon can change their
skin to match their surroundings. This helps them blend in trees, leaves or anything
in their environment.
3. How does the poison dart frog use color? How is it different from the cryptic frog?
The poison dart frog uses color to warn other animals that they’re poisonous and
dangerous. Don’t eat it or they will die! The difference between crytic frog and dart
frog is cryptic frog use colors to hide and blend in the surroundings, whereas the
poison dart frog uses bright colors to warn that it’s poisonous and don’t come close
to it.
2. Most large predators, like lions, are not brightly colored. Why do you think this is
true?
Large predators are not brightly colored so their prey can’t see them and they can
easily hunt their prey.
3. What are some ways people use color as camouflage or as a sign of danger?
Soldiers in Vietnam wear green clothes to camouflage. In the past, they used
branches of trees to hide from enemies in many wars. On the streets, there are many
signs that have yellow and black colors. They are signs of danger for us to pay
attention.
Listening skill
Circle the cause in each statement and underline the effect.
 a

SCRIPT
Hello again, nature lovers! Today we're going to talk about the Australian bowerbird-
a very unusual bird! Male bowerbirds build something called a bower. As you can
see in the picture, a bower looks almost like a little house.
Now here's the part that is so surprising. The male bird builds the bower, and then
he decorates the area around it. He gets flowers, little stones, pieces of glass or
plastic, and many other little things and puts them around the bower. He is trying to
make the bower look nice.
One kind of bowerbird, called the satin bowerbird, loves the color blue. You can see
in this picture how this satin bowerbird decorated his bower with a lot of blue things.
This bird doesn't like red. If you put something red in his bower, he takes it away.
Bowerbirds often steal things for their bowers from other birds or even from people.
The bower is not a nest. This means that it is not the place where the female bird lays
her eggs. The female bowerbird builds a nest in a tree where predators can't find it
easily.
LESSON 2
 Stand out

Blend in
Concrete
Match
Shape

Site
Straight
Urban
Advise

Look at the two photos. How are the colors different?

Great Bamboo wall house: the main color of this picture is brown, which is the color
from bamboo. Everything is made from bamboo, making the house match with
nature and have simple style.
Hundertwasser house: this house is colorful such as yellow, red, blue, white, etc.
Maybe this is a way to attract tourists for this area. It makes the house stands out and
unique.
Work with listening
A. Part 1 → Kengo Kuma
Kengo Kuma, concrete, gray, blend in, natural materials, match, part of mountain.
B. Part 2: Austrian architect
Stand out, bright colors, shapes, lines, gray people, reach out.
C. Complete the sumaries
Part 1:
2. to look natural
3. Country
4. Blend in
5. Materials and colors
Part 2:
6. city
7. bright colors
8. straight lines
9. different
10. appartment
 In the country Vienna, Austria
Brown, green, gray Bright colors
Like part of the mountain Lines aren’t straight, grass
and trees on the roof
 F
For Kuma, the location of a building was important for the design

Hundertwasser allowed people in his building to change colors

SCRIPT
Part 2:
MC: Now, Olga Perez is going to tell us about the work of the Austrian architect
Friedensreich Hundertwasser.

Olga Perez: Thanks. Well, Kuma and Hundertwasser are very different. Kuma's
buildings blend in with what's around them, but Hundertwasser's stand out-they
almost shout, "Look at me!" His buildings are full of bright colors. But
Hundertwasser also believed that architecture should relate to nature. He said,
"Everything under thesky belongs to nature." Hundertwasser used natural shapes in
his buildings. In fact, he used very few straight lines. He said, "There are no straight
lines in nature." For example, look at the picture of Hundertwasserhaus in Vienna,
Austria. You can see the many bright colors. Notice also that lines are not straight.
The building also has grass and trees growing on the roof. For Hundertwasser, the
usual city apartment buildings, all made with straight lines and all the same color,
looked like prisons. He described the people who lived in the buildings as "gray
people"-all the same boring color. Hundertwasser believed that everyone who lived
in a building should be able to say, "I live here, and I am different from everyone
else."

MC: Can you give us an example?

Olga P.: Of course. Here's an example. He thought that each person should be able
to reach out a window and paint their part of the wall a different color. Now that's a
pretty unusual idea!

MC: Very interesting, Olga. Now let's hear from...

Part 1

MC: Today we're doing a panel presentation on the uses of color in architecture.
First, panel members are going to speak about the work of different architects and
how they use color in their work. Our first speaker is Michio Osawa, and he's going
to talk about the work of the Japanese architect Kengo Kuma.

Michio Osawa: When Kuma first started working as an architect, he thought that
concrete was the only building material. At that time, he worked mostly in Tokyo.
His buildings were the usual gray of a lot of urban architecture today.

Now he often works in the country. He wants his buildings to blend in with the
environment, not stand out. He prefers natural materials, for example, wood,
bamboo, earth, and even paper. The colors of these materials match the colors of the
surroundings. You can see this in this photo of Kuma's Great Bamboo Wall House
near Beijing in China. The colors of the house are brown, green, and gray. With these
colors, the house looks like it is part of the mountain. Kuma advises architects to go
to the site of the building when they are making the plans. For him, it's all about
fitting the building into the place.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. Which house do you prefer the Great Bamboo wall or Hundertwasser Hoase?
Why?
I like Hundertwasser House because it is durable for us to stay a long time. The Great
Bamboo Wall House is made from bamboo 100% and it can be destroyed by natural
disasters easier than Hundertwasser House. As you can see, the Bamboo House has
everything fran bamboo live roof, wall, floor, etc and when it rains or snows, for
example, we have to suffer this. So I think Hundertwasser House is more suitable
for me.
2. What colors are popular for houses where you live? Are there many different
colors of are they mostly the same?
Colors are popular where I live are white and blue. I can see most of the houses in
my area have the two colors like this but there are some exception's such as green.
3. What does your dream house look like?
My dream house is a cozy, modern home with large windows that let in lots of natural
light. It has an open floor plan with a spacious living room, a sleek kitchen, and a
comfortable bedroom. The walls are painted in soft, neutral colors, and there’s a
garden outside with plenty of greenery where I can relax and enjoy nature.
1. What colors do you prefer for your clothing and for your home?
I prefer neutral colors like black, gray, and white for my clothing because they are
versatile and easy to mix and match. For my home, I like soft, calming colors like
light blue or beige because they create a peaceful and relaxing atmosphere.
2. What companies do you identify with a particular color?
Some companies are strongly associated with specific colors. For example, Coca-
Cola is identified with the color red, while Facebook is known for its blue logo.
McDonald's is famous for its golden arches, which are bright yellow.