Scribd
Upload
2 views

Geometric Progression Notes

Uploaded by

prathmeshchaudhari36
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Geometric Progression Notes

Uploaded by

prathmeshchaudhari36
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Notes on Geometric Progression (GP)

1. Basics of Geometric Progression

A sequence is called a Geometric Progression (GP) if the ratio of any


term to its preceding term is constant.
This constant is called the common ratio (r).

General Form of GP:


- a, ar, ar^2, ar^3, ...
- a: First term
- r: Common ratio (r = any term / preceding term)

Properties of GP:
1. If r > 1: The sequence is increasing.
2. If 0 < r < 1: The sequence is decreasing.
3. If r < 0: The sequence alternates in sign.

2. nth Term of a GP

The n-th term (T_n) of a GP is given by:


T_n = ar^(n-1)
- n: Position of the term in the sequence.

3. Sum of Terms of a GP
Sum of First n Terms (S_n):
For r not equal to 1:
S_n = a (1 - r^n) / (1 - r)
For r = 1:
S_n = n * a

Sum of Infinite GP (S_infinity):


If |r| < 1, the sum of an infinite GP is:
S_infinity = a / (1 - r)
If |r| >= 1: The series does not converge.

4. Mean in GP

Geometric Mean (GM):


The geometric mean of two numbers a and b is:
GM = sqrt(ab)

For three terms in GP (a, b, c):


- Middle term b = sqrt(ac)

5. Product of Terms of GP

For a finite GP with n terms:


Product of all terms:
P = a^n * r^[n(n-1)/2]

6. Advanced Properties and Applications


Insertion of Terms in GP:
If n geometric means are inserted between a and b:
Common ratio r = (b / a)^(1 / (n+1))

Relationship Between Arithmetic Progression (AP) and GP:


If three terms are in GP, their logarithms are in AP:
log(a), log(ar), log(ar^2) is an AP.

7. Solving Problems Involving GP

Identifying GP:
1. Check the ratio between consecutive terms.
2. If constant, the sequence is a GP.

Finding Missing Terms:


- Use T_n = ar^(n-1) to find unknown terms or r.

Common Applications:
- Population growth/decay
- Interest calculations
- Physics (radioactive decay, oscillations)

8. Challenges and Tips

1. Infinite GP Applications: Understand convergence conditions (|r| <


1) for real-life problems.
2. Word Problems: Translate scenarios into a, r, and n.
3. Mixed Sequences: Analyze carefully if a sequence alternates signs,
as r < 0.

9. Examples for Practice

Basic Level:
1. Find the 10th term of the GP 2, 6, 18, ...
2. Find the sum of the first 5 terms of 3, 9, 27, ...

Intermediate Level:
3. If 5, x, 45 are in GP, find x.
4. Insert 3 geometric means between 2 and 162.

Advanced Level:
5. Find the sum of the infinite series: 1 + 1/2 + 1/4 + ...
6. Solve for a and r if the sum of the first 3 terms of a GP is 26 and the
sum of their squares is 182.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy