1---2

(A)Pancreas
(B)Thyroid
(C)Anterior pituitary
(D)Posterior pituitary
(E)Hypothalamus
1.Regulates blood sugar levels
2.Bridge between nervous and endocrine systems

3. In order to know the role of the thyroid gland, two experiments were carried out on two
mice. Mouse 1, whose thyroid gland has been removed, doesn’t show any signs of growth.
Mouse 2, whose thyroid gland has been removed and then followed by grafting at another
location, presents a vascularized graft leading to a normal growth.
What do the experimental results suggest?
A. Thyroid gland is responsible for the growth of mice, and the communication between
the thyroid and the organism takes place through the blood.
B. Thyroid gland stops working when its location is changed.
C. Thyroid gland is responsible for the growth of the mice, and the communication
between the thyroid and the organism isn’t via blood.
D. Thyroid is an exocrine gland; thus, its location is important.
E. Thyroid gland is not responsible for the growth of mice, and the communication
between the thyroid and the organism takes place through the blood.

4. A female presents the following symptoms: fatigue, weight gain, hair loss, muscle cramps,
and depression. The doctor prescribed a blood test in order to examine the thyroid function.
The expected results corresponding to these symptoms are:
A. The levels of T3 and T4 hormones are high, which indicates hypothyroidism.
B. The levels of T3 and T4 hormones are low, which indicates hypothyroidism.
C. The levels of T3 and T4 hormones are low, which indicates hyperthyroidism.
D. The levels of T3 and T4 hormones are high, which indicates hyperthyroidism.
E. The given data is insufficient.

5 A 42 female presented with excessive weight gain, hair loss, damaged to the pituitary gland and
fatigue. Which of the following diseases most probably resulted from this damage?

A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Diabetes inspides
D. Gigantism
E. Acromegaly
6. Dissection of the pancreas showed that it contains a duct that collects a liquid produced by
pancreatic cells and the gland is also connected to many blood vessels. What can be concluded
regarding the type of gland the pancreas is?

A. the pancreas acts as an endocrine gland

B. the pancreas acts as an exocrine gland
C. the pancreas acts as an endocrine and an exocrine gland
D. the pancreas can alternate between being an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland, but
never both at the same time
E. the type of gland that the pancreas represents depends on body temperature

7. The opposite table illustrates the results of some tests of an adult patient that suffers from

A. An atrophy in the pituitary gland

B. A decrease in urination Blood pressure 90/60 mmHg
C. Skin dryness Thyroxine hormone low
D. Low body weight
TSH high

8 in the framework of studying the role of parathyroid glands, two experiment were performed on a
dog. The conditions and the results of the experiment and represented below

Dog Experiment Result

1 Ablation of the four parathyroid glands . Pronged contractions affecting all muscles
. Decrease In the calcemia (calcium blood
level)
. Death occurs within few days
2 Injection of the normal dog by parathyroid Sharp increase in the amount of calcemia was
extracts through blood recorded
Which information can be revealed from the above experiments?

A. Parathyroid glands are exocrine glands that increase the amount of calcium in blood
B. Parathyroid glands are exocrine glands that decrease the amount of calcium in blood
C. Parathyroid glands are endocrine glands that decrease the amount of calcium in blood
D. Parathyroid glands decrease the amount of calcium in blood
E. Parathyroid glands increase the amount of calcium in blood
9. Two patients suffering from diabetes, in the first case the pancreas does not produce enough
insulin, the other case is caused by disruption of insulin receptors of the cells. These are
examples of which type of diabetes?

A. Type 1
B. Type 2
C. Type 1 and type 2 respectively
D. Type 2 and type 1 respectively
E. No sufficient data

10. The principle function of thyroxine produced by the thyroid gland is to

A. Stimulate the maturation of gamete

B. Stimulate insulin production
C. Stimulate general metabolism
D. Promote sexual differentiation
E. Inhibit growth

11. The hypothalamus secretes a hormone called TRH that stimulates the anterior pituitary
gland to secrete TSH. TSH binds to the receptors in the thyroid gland and causes it to release
T3and T4 . When blood levels of T3 and T4 are sufficiently high, TRH synthesis is blocked. This
series of events is an example of
A. Anti-homeostasis
B. A negative feedback loop
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Hypothyroidism
E. Amplification

12 . All of the following arc true about the endocrine system EXCEPT
A. It relies on chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream
B. It is a control system that has extremely rapid effects on the body
C. The hormones affect only certain "target" organs
D. It is involved in maintaining body homeostasis
E. Its organs secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, rather than through ducts

13. Low iodine diet causes

A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Exophthalmic goiter
D. Cretinism
E. Osteoporosis
14.Certain individuals present a goiter, which is an abnormal increase in the volume of the neck
due to malfunction of the thyroid gland. Several studies were done in order to study the effect
of consuming iodine rich meals on the function of the thyroid gland and the appearance of
goiter The document below shows the percentage of goiter with respect to the concentration of
iodine in two different populations.

Based on the results of the above document, what can you conclude concerning the effect of
iodine on the appearance of goiter?
A. High amounts of iodine in the meal causes malfunction of the thyroid gland, which leads to
the appearance of goiter.
B. Low amounts of iodine in the meal causes malfunction of the thyroid gland, which leads to
the appearance of goiter,
C. Low amounts of iodine in the meal improves the function of the thyroid gland, and goiter
won’t appear
D. High amounts of iodine in the meal improves the function of the thyroid gland, which leads
to the appearance of goiter.
E. The amount of iodine in the meal has no effect on the thyroid gland and goiter

15. Individuals with multiple sclerosis have their immune system attack the myelin sheath of the
neurons found in the central nervous system. How would damage to the myelin sheath affect
the transmission of nervous messages?
A . Nervous messages would be transmitted normally since the neurons are not destroyed.
B. Nervous messages would be transmitted faster since the presence of myelin sheath
decreases the speed of the nervous message,
C. Nervous messages would be transmitted slower since the presence of myelin sheath
increases the speed of the nervous message.
D . The transmission of nervous messages would start at a fast speed and then decrease, E*
The transmission of nervous messages would start at a slow speed and then increase.
16. The following table shows three experiments held on 3 different mice

What do the experimental results justify?

A. The thyroid gland is responsible for the growth of mice.
B, The thyroid gland stops working when its location is changed.
C The communication between the thyroid and the organism isn’t via blood.
D. The location of the thyroid gland is important.
E. The thyroid gland isn't responsible for the growth of mice.

17. The model shown in the figure represents the role of two
hormones, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH), in
maintaining normal blood calcium levels in humans. If a
dietary change results in an increase in blood calcium
concentration above normal levels, which of the following is
the most likely effect on calcium homeostasis?

(A) Calcitonin levels will decline, thus stimulating the release

of PTH.
(B) Calcitonin levels will rise, thus promoting the deposit of
calcium into bones.
(C) PTH levels will decline, thus stimulating the loss of
calcium from bones.
(D) PTH levels will increase, thus preventing the release of
calcitonin
18. Platelets are fragments of larger cells and normally circulate in the blood without adhering to blood
vessel walls. When the wall of a blood vessel is damaged, collagen fibers in the wall are exposed to the
interior of the blood vessel. The exposed fibers and chemicals released from the endothelial cells that
line the blood vessel attract platelets, which start to form a plug and release other chemicals (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Formation of a platelet plug in a damaged blood vessel wall Which of the following best
explains the feedback mechanism illustrated in Figure 1 ?

(A) This is an example of positive feedback, because the few platelets that initially bind attract more
platelets to the damaged area.
(B) This is an example of positive feedback, because it results from the interactions among collagen,
endothelial cells, and platelets.
(C) This is an example of negative feedback, because a large clump of platelets can block the blood
vessel and prevent blood flow through it.
(D) This is an example of negative feedback, because the accumulation of platelets returns the open
blood vessel wall to a closed state.