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Drugs Acting On Eye Note

Drugs acting on eye note

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Dushani Nimasha
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15 views3 pages

Drugs Acting On Eye Note

Drugs acting on eye note

Uploaded by

Dushani Nimasha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Drugs acting on eye

The eye is a complex sensory organ responsible for sight. Injury


or disease to the ocular system can result in vision loss.
A variety of ophthalmic preparations (topical, parenteral, and oral)
are available for both therapeutic and diagnostic use.
Medications play a key role in the management of chronic dry-
eye, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, infection, inflammation, and
macular degeneration
For the treatment of glaucoma
 Prostaglandin Analogs attenuate intraocular pressure (IOP)
by improving the outflow of aqueous humor.
Prostaglandin analogs exhibit agonistic activity on FP prostanoid
receptors, which promotes uveoscleral outflow. Medications within
this class include latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost, tafluprost,
and unoprostone isopropyl
 α-Adrenoreceptor Agonists can be applied topically to
decrease production of aqueous humor.
Ophthalmic α2 agonists include brimonidine and apraclonidine.
By activating α2 receptors in the ciliary epithelium, adenylyl
cyclase becomes inhibited and cyclic adenosine monophosphate
(cAMP) is no longer formed.
This hinders ion transport and, thus, fluid production.
Over time, these medications appear to improve fluid outflow as
well.
 β-Adrenoreceptor Antagonists administered topically can
reduce IOP by decreasing aqueous humor production.
Beta-blockers antagonize the effects of sympathetic
neurotransmitters by inhibiting β1 and β2 receptors; however their
mechanistic action in glaucoma is unclear.
Examples include timolol, betaxolol, carteolol, and levobunolol.

 Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs) work by decreasing


production of aqueous humor.
Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of
bicarbonate from carbon dioxide and water (and vice-versa), with
the most active isoform being carbonic anhydrase II.
Inhibition of this isoenzyme within the ciliary epithelium slows the
formation of bicarbonate ions; decreasing the extracellular
transport of water necessary for aqueous humor production.
Dorzolamide and brinzolamide are topical medications within this
class
Acetazolamide is administered orally and has a higher rate of IOP
reduction when compared to topical CAIs
 Parasympathomimetic Agents are topical cholinergic
agonists that reduce IOP by improving fluid outflow through
the trabecular meshwork.
Activation of muscarinic (M3) receptors allows for contraction of
ciliary muscle fibers, which expands the pores of the trabecular
meshwork to enhance outflow.
Ophthalmic agents within this class
include carbachol and pilocarpine.

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