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    Assignment-5

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    Assignment-5

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    of 3

    PHY/MSP-314 QUANTUM MECHANICS-I

    Assignment 5

    1. In classical mechanics, the angular momentum Lp = r × p is conserved in any rotationally


    symmetric system. In quantum mechanics, the angular momentum components are repre-
    sented by operators:

    L̂x = ŷ p̂z − ẑ p̂y , L̂y = ẑ p̂x − x̂p̂z , L̂z = x̂p̂y − ŷ p̂x .

    (a) show that:


    [L̂y , L̂z ] = iℏL̂x , [L̂z , L̂x ] = iℏL̂y , [L̂x , L̂y ] = iℏL̂z .

    (b) Consider the operator L̂2 = L̂2x + L̂2y + L̂2z . Using the results from (a), show that:

    [L̂z , L̂2 ] = 0.

    Without further calculation, argue that [L̂x , L̂2 ] = 0 and [L̂y , L̂2 ] = 0
    (c) The “ladder” operators are define as:

    L̂− = L̂x − iL̂y , L̂+ = L̂x + iL̂y .


    show that:[L̂z , L̂± ] = ±ℏL̂± , [L̂2 , L̂± ] = 0. What properties of the eigenvalues of L̂2 and
    L̂z follow from these commutators?

    2. In spherical coordinates, L̂2 and L̂z take the form:

    1 ∂2
     
    2 2 1 ∂ ∂ ∂
    L̂ = −ℏ sin θ + , L̂z = −iℏ .
    sin θ ∂θ ∂θ sin2 θ ∂ϕ2 ∂ϕ

    The first few spherical harmonics, Ylm , take the form:


    r r r
    1 3 3
    Y0,0 = , Y1,0 = cos θ, Y1,±1 = sin θ e±iϕ .
    4π 4π 8π
    (a) Show that these functions are properly normalized and orthogonal to one another.
    (b) Show that these functions are eigenfunctions of both L̂2 and L̂z , and compute the cor-
    responding eigenvalues.

    3. Consider a spherically symmetric rigid rotor with moment of inertia Ix = Iy = Iz = I.


    Classically, the energy is given by:

    ⃗2
    L
    E=
    2I
    (a) What are the energy eigenstates and eigenvalues for this quantum rigid rotor?
    (b) What is the degeneracy of the nth energy eigenvalue?

    1
    PHY/MSP-314

    4. Consider a particle whose wave function is given by


    r 
    2 z 2 − x2 − y 2
    
    1 3xz
    ψ(x, y, z) = 2
    + 2 ,
    4 π r r
    p
    where r = x2 + y 2 + z 2 .

    (a) Calculate L̂2 ψ(x, y, z) and L̂z ψ(x, y, z). Find the total angular momentum of this parti-
    cle.
    (b) If a measurement of the z-component of the orbital angular momentum is carried out,
    find the probabilities corresponding to finding the results 0, ℏ, and −ℏ.

    5. (a) For the following cases, calculate the value of r at which the radial probability density of
    the hydrogen atom reaches its maximum:
    n = 1, l = 0, m = 0 and n = 2, l = 1, m = 0
    (b) Compare the values obtained with the Bohr radius for circular orbits.

    6. A hydrogen atom starts out in the following linear combination of the stationary states n = 2,
    l = 1, m = 1 and n = 2, l = 1, m = −1:

    1
    Ψ(r, 0) = √ (ψ2,1,1 + ψ2,1,−1 ).
    2
    (a) Construct Ψ(r, t). Simplify it as much as you can.
    (b) Find the expectation value of the potential energy, ⟨V ⟩. (Does it depend on t?) Give
    both the formula and the actual number, in electron volts.

    7. The wave function of the ground state of the Hydrogen atom is given by
    1
    ψ1,0,0 = p 3 e−r/a0 ,
    πa0
    ℏ2
    where a0 = me2
    is the Bohr radius.

    (a) Determine the distance from the nucleus at which the probability density of finding the
    electron is maximum.
    (b) Also, determine the expectation value of the electron’s position.

    8. A particle of mass m is placed in a finite spherical well, where the potential is given by
    (
    −V0 , r ≤ a,
    V (r) =
    0, r > a.

    Find the ground state by solving the radial equation with ℓ = 0. Show that there is no bound
    2 2
    state if V0 a2 < π8mℏ .

    2
    PHY/MSP-314

    9. A particle of mass m is constrained to move between two concentric impermeable spheres


    of radii r = a and r = b. There is no other potential. Find the ground state energy and
    normalized wave function.

    10. A hydrogen atom is in an energy and angular momentum eigenstate ψn,ℓ,m . The energy
    me e4
    eigenvalues En = − 2n 2 ℏ2 are considered known. Consider the expectation values of the
    kinetic and potential energy, ⟨T ⟩n,ℓ,m and ⟨V ⟩n,ℓ,m , as functions of the parameters me and e,
    and show that

    ⟨T ⟩n,ℓ,m = −En ,
    ⟨V ⟩n,ℓ,m = 2En

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