hw01fa24

GEORGIA INSTITUTUE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

ECE 2026
Fall 2024
Problem Set #1
Assigned: 22 August 2024

Due: 30 August 2024
Reading: DSP First: Appendix A on Complex Numbers; Ch. 2.1-2.5

Instructions:
• Your homework should be submitted electronically to Gradescope (see Canvas website and
instructions for uploading to Gradescope). LATE homework is not accepted and will be assigned a
grade of zero. Instructions for submission can be found here:
https://www.gradescope.com/get_started#student-submission
• Your homework should include the following:
o Write your name on the top of EACH PAGE
o Write clearly and legibly separating the work and answers for each problem
• ONLY the STARRED problems should be turned in for grading (Occasionally, we may include
problems that are only for practice that will not have a star next to them.)
Complex Numbers: A complex number is just an ordered pair of real numbers. Several different
mathematical notations can be used to represent complex numbers. In rectangular form we will use all of
the following notations:
z = (x, y)
= x+jy where 𝑗𝑗 = √−1
= Re{z}+jIm{z}
Note that 𝑖𝑖 = √−1 is typical notation in most math courses for an imaginary number (we use j in the
notation above). The pair (x, y) can be drawn as a vector, such that xis the horizontal coordinate and y the
vertical coordinate in a two-dimensional space. Addition of complex numbers is the same as vector
addition; i.e., add the real parts and add the imaginary parts.
In polar form we will use the complex exponential notation:
z = |𝑧𝑧|𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗 arg 𝑧𝑧
= 𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗
where |𝑧𝑧| = 𝑟𝑟 = �𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 and tan(𝜃𝜃) = y/x. In a vector drawing, r is the length and θ the angle of the
vector measured counter-clockwise from the positive x-axis. The angle is often called the argument of the
complex number.
Euler’s Formula:
𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 = 𝑟𝑟 cos(𝜃𝜃) + 𝑗𝑗 𝑟𝑟 sin(𝜃𝜃)

can be used to convert between Cartesian and polar forms.
Some of these problems should be a review of complex numbers learned in high school. A calculator will
be useful for doing the complex arithmetic, especially if it is one that accepts both polar and Cartesian
formats. It is essential to learn how to use the polar format feature.
1
PROBLEM 1.1*:
The waveforms below can be expressed as
𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = 𝐶𝐶 + 𝐴𝐴 cos[𝜔𝜔0 (𝑡𝑡 − 𝑡𝑡𝑑𝑑 )] = 𝐶𝐶 + 𝐴𝐴 cos(𝜔𝜔0 𝑡𝑡 + 𝜑𝜑) = 𝐶𝐶 + 𝐴𝐴 cos(2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋0 𝑡𝑡 + 𝜑𝜑)
For each plot, determine 𝐴𝐴, 𝜔𝜔0 , 𝑓𝑓0 , 𝑡𝑡𝑑𝑑 , and 𝜑𝜑. Estimate as accurately as possible. Answers should conform
the following requirements: 𝐴𝐴 > 0, 𝜔𝜔0 > 0, 𝑓𝑓0 > 0, −𝜋𝜋 < 𝜑𝜑 ≤ 𝜋𝜋, |𝑡𝑡𝑑𝑑 | as small as possible.
-1
-2
(a) -3
-4
-5
-0.15 -0.125 -0.1 -0.075 -0.05 -0.025 0 0.025 0.05 0.075 0.1 0.125 0.15 0.175 0.2
seconds
(b) 10
-2
-16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
seconds
PROBLEM 1.2*:
Given a signal defined by 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = 8 cos(2𝜋𝜋80𝑡𝑡)
(a) For the time-shifted signal 𝑦𝑦𝑎𝑎 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡 − 0.16), find the new phase 𝜑𝜑 in the standard expression
of 𝑦𝑦𝑎𝑎 (𝑡𝑡) (i.e., 𝑦𝑦𝑎𝑎 (𝑡𝑡) = 8 cos(2𝜋𝜋80𝑡𝑡 + 𝜑𝜑)), where −𝜋𝜋 < 𝜑𝜑 ≤ 𝜋𝜋. Also find the time 𝑡𝑡𝑚𝑚 , 0 ≤ 𝑡𝑡𝑚𝑚 ≤
𝑇𝑇 (where 𝑇𝑇 is the period) where this signal attains its maximum value.
(b) For the phase-shifted signal 𝑦𝑦𝑏𝑏 (𝑡𝑡) = 8 cos(2𝜋𝜋80𝑡𝑡 + 0.2𝜋𝜋), find the time delay 𝑡𝑡𝑑𝑑 in the expression
𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡 − 𝑡𝑡𝑑𝑑 ) = 𝑦𝑦𝑏𝑏 (𝑡𝑡). Also find the time 𝑡𝑡𝑚𝑚 , 0 ≤ 𝑡𝑡𝑚𝑚 ≤ 𝑇𝑇 (where 𝑇𝑇 is the period) where this signal
attains its maximum value.
PROBLEM 1.3*:
Plot two periods of the following sinusoids over the time-interval −𝑇𝑇 ≤ 𝑡𝑡 ≤ 𝑇𝑇, where 𝑇𝑇 is the period:
(a) A cosine with a period of 9 seconds, an amplitude of 6, and a phase of 𝜋𝜋/3 radians.
(b) 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = 2 cos(0.28𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 − 0.7𝜋𝜋)
PROBLEM 1.4*:
Convert the following to rectangular (i.e., 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗) or polar (i.e, 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 ) as appropriate. (i.e., if the
complex number is in rectangular form, convert it to polar and if it is in polar form convert it to rectangular).
(a) 𝑧𝑧 = 3 − √2𝑗𝑗
2
𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗
(b) 𝑧𝑧 = 10𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 𝑒𝑒 2
(c) 𝑧𝑧 = −√3𝜋𝜋𝑗𝑗
(d) 𝑧𝑧 = 4 − 8𝑗𝑗
𝜋𝜋
(e) 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑗𝑗√2 𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗 3
PROBLEM 1.5:
The following Matlab code generates a sinusoid signal and makes the plot. Interpret the code to
determine/calculate the amplitude (A), phase (𝜑𝜑), and period (T) of the sinusoid. Provide a labeled plot.
fs = 1000;
tt = -.10 : 1/fs : .10;
F0 = 8;
Am =sqrt(3);
xx = Am*cos( 2*pi*F0*(tt+2.8) );
plot( tt, xx ), grid
title( ‘SECTION of a SINUSOID’ ), xlabel(‘TIME (sec)’)

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GEORGIA INSTITUTUE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Assigned: 22 August 2024

Reading: DSP First: Appendix A on Complex Numbers; Ch. 2.1-2.5

In polar form we will use the complex exponential notation:

𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 = 𝑟𝑟 cos(𝜃𝜃) + 𝑗𝑗 𝑟𝑟 sin(𝜃𝜃)

𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = 𝐶𝐶 + 𝐴𝐴 cos[𝜔𝜔0 (𝑡𝑡 − 𝑡𝑡𝑑𝑑 )] = 𝐶𝐶 + 𝐴𝐴 cos(𝜔𝜔0 𝑡𝑡 + 𝜑𝜑) = 𝐶𝐶 + 𝐴𝐴 cos(2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋0 𝑡𝑡 + 𝜑𝜑)

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