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    hw1_2024 (1)

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    AE 643: Sports Aerodynamics

    Instructor: Sanjay Mittal


    Department of Aerospace Engineering
    Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
    Kanpur 208 016, India
    Ph: +91 512 2597906; Fax: +91 512 2597561; Email: smittal@iitk.ac.in

    Home Work 1, Due date (hard copy only): Sept 5, 2024 in class

    1. Water and oil flow down an inclined plane as films, with oil film on top of water film. The
    inclination angle of the plane is θ. Density of the two fluids is ρo and ρw . The subscripts
    ’o’ and ’w’ refer to oil and water, respectively. The coefficient of viscosity of the two fluids
    is µo and µw . The thickness of each film in the fully developed state is h. Ignore surface
    tension. Assume that the flow is laminar and reaches a fully developed state at certain
    portion of the inclined plane.

    (a) Write down all the boundary conditions, including that at oil-water interface.
    (b) Calculate the fully developed velocity profile of the two liquids.
    (c) Sketch them. Pay special attention at the oil-water interface.

    2. Consider the laminar flow of a viscous fluid between two concentric cylinders. The radius
    of the inner cylinder is R1 and that of the outer one is R2 . The outer one is stationary
    while the inner ones spins with an angular speed Ω.

    (a) Calculate the steady state velocity profile.


    (b) Plot it.
    (c) What happens when the gap between the two cylinders is very small, i.e., (R2 −
    R1 )/(R1 ) << 1. Replot the velocity profile for this case. Does this look familiar?

    3. Derive the Bernoulli’s equation for an inviscid, incompressible flow. Clearly state all the
    assumptions.

    4. Using superposition of a doublet and uniform flow, derive the potential flow that repre-
    sents ideal flow past a circular cylinder.

    (a) Sketch the streamlines.


    (b) Derive the Cp distribution on the surface of the cylinder.
    (c) Sketch it.
    (d) Mark the regions of favorable and adverse pressure gradient. Comment on possible
    flow separation.
    (e) Compare the Cp distributions for ideal flow with real flow (both, laminar and tur-
    bulent boundary layer).
    5. Consider a cricket ball being dropped from a very large height. Assume the ambient
    temperature to be 25o C. Estimate the terminal speed for (a) a turbulent boundary layer
    (assume CD = 0.25) and (b) laminar boundary layer (assume CD = 0.5). The ball is
    dropped with zero speed. Which speed would this ball achieve - the one with a laminar
    boundary layer, or the one with a turbulent boundary layer. Please justify your answer.

    6. The cricket ball is thrown vertically upwards. With what speed should it be thrown so
    that it barely acheives a terminal speed when it hits the ground back on its return. What
    is the height that the ball achieves?

    7. Estimate the terminal speed of a cricket ball at (i) 17o C (ii) 43o C. List any assumption
    that you make. How does it compare with the fastest bowling speed recorded in the
    game?

    8. Estimate the terminal speed of a badminton shuttlecock at (i) 17o C (ii) 43o C. List any
    assumption that you make. How does it compare with the fastest smash recorded in the
    game?

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