Question 1(2008)

During the electrolysis of molten lead bromide, which of the following takes place ?

1. Bromine is released at the cathode

2. Lead is deposited at the anode

3. Bromine ions gain electrons

4. Lead is deposited at the cathode

Answer

Lead is deposited at the cathode

Reaction at cathode : Pb2+ + 2e- ⟶ Pb

Question 2.1(2008)

Here is an electrode reaction:

Cu ⟶ Cu2+ + 2e-. [i.e. Cu – 2e- ⟶ Cu2+]

At which electrode (anode or cathode) would such a reaction take place ? Is this an example of
oxidation or reduction ?

Answer

Cu ⟶ Cu2+ + 2e-

This reaction takes place at anode.

This is an example of oxidation.

Question 2.2(2008)

A soln. contains Mg2+ ions, Fe2+ ions and Cu2+ ions. On passing an electric current through this soln.
which ions will be the first to be discharged at the cathode? Write the equation for the cathode
reaction.

Answer

Cu2+ (Copper ions will get discharged at cathode)

Cu2+ + 2e- ⟶ Cu
Reaction at Cathode:

Question 1(2009)

(A) Sulphur

(B) Silver chloride

(C) Hydrogen chloride

(D) Copper [II] sulphate

(E) Graphite
State which from A to E fits the description — 'A pink metal is deposited at the cathode during the
electrolysis of the soln. of this salt.

Answer

(D) Copper [II] sulphate

At cathode : Cu2+ + 2e- ⟶ Cu

Question 2(2009)

Select the correct answer — The aqueous solution of the compound which contains both ions and
molecules is:

1. Sulphuric acid

2. Hydrochloric acid

3. Nitric acid

4. Acetic acid

Answer

Acetic acid
Reason — Acetic acid is a weak electrolyte and particles in a weak electrolyte are ions and unionized
molecules.

Question 3(2009)

Correct the following statements — Lead bromide conducts electricity.

Answer

Molten lead bromide conducts electricity.

Reason — Solid lead bromide is a non-conductor of electricity since it's ions are not free but held
together by an electrostatic force of attraction. In molten state the ions become free and hence
conduct electricity.

Question 4(2009)

A metal article is to be electroplated with silver. The electrolyte selected is sodium argentocyanide.

(i) What kind of salt is sodium argentocyanide.

(ii) Why is it preferred to silver nitrate as an electrolyte?

(iii) State one condition to ensure that the deposit is smooth, firm and long lasting.

(iv) Write the reaction taking place at the cathode.

(v) Write the reaction taking place at the anode.

Answer

(i) It is a Complex Salt.

(ii) Migration of Ag1+ ions from above complex salt soln. is slow compared to that from silver nitrate.
Hence, an even deposition of metal silver is obtained on the article. Therefore, the electrolyte
sodium argentocyanide soln. is preferred over silver nitrate solution.

(iii) A low current for a longer time should be used to ensure that the deposit is smooth, firm and
long lasting.

(iv) Ag1+ + 1e- ⟶ Ag [deposited]

(v) Ag - 1e- ⟶ Ag1+ [Anode diminishes in mass]

Question 5(2009)

Aqueous solution of nickel sulphate contains Ni2+ and SO42- ions

(i) Which ion moves towards the cathode?

(ii) What is the product at the anode?

Answer

(i) Nickel ion moves towards the cathode.

(ii) Product at anode - Nil [Ni2+ are formed]

Question 1(2010)

Select the correct answer — A compound which during electrolysis in it's molten state liberates a
reddish brown gas at the anode :

1. Sodium chloride

2. Copper (II) oxide

3. Copper (II) sulphate

4. Lead (II) bromide

Answer

Lead (II) bromide

Reason — During electrolysis of Lead [II] bromide, Br-1 ions are discharged at the anode. Reddish
brown fumes are due to bromine vapours.

Question 2(2010)

During electroplating of an article with nickel —

(i) Name — (a) The electrolyte (b) The cathode (c) The anode

(ii) Give the reaction of the electrolysis at (a) The cathode (b) The anode

Answer

(i) (a) The electrolyte — Aq. soln. of nickel sulphate (b) The cathode — Cleaned article to be
electroplated (c) The anode — Plate or block of nickel metal
(a) At Cathode: Ni2+ + 2e– ⟶ Ni
(ii) the reaction of the electrolysis at:

(b) At Anode : Ni – 2e– ⟶ Ni2+

Question 3(2010)

A, B and C are three electrolytic cells, connected in different circuits. Cell 'A' contains NaCl soln., and
the bulb in the circuit glows brightly, when the circuit is completed. Cell 'B' contains acetic acid and
the bulb glows dimly. Cell 'C' contains sugar soln., and the bulb does not glow. Give reasons for each
observation.

Answer

When the switch is 'On' the electrolyte starts dissociating. Current remaining the same, the glow of
the bulb indicates whether the electrolyte is a strong, weak or a non-electrolyte.

As NaCl is a strong electrolyte (i.e., cell A), therefore it allows large amount of electricity to flow
through it. Hence, the bulb glows brightly.

Acetic acid is a weak electrolyte (i.e., cell B) and it allows a small amount of electricity to flow
through them hence, the bulb glows dimly.

Sugar soln. is a non-electrolyte (i.e., cell C), therefore it does not conduct electricity and do not
undergo chemical decomposition due to the flow of current through it. Hence, the bulb does not
glow.

Question 1(2011)

Give reasons – The electrolysis of acidulated water is considered to be an example of catalysis.

Answer

Pure water is almost a non-electrolyte and will not normally conduct electricity. It consists almost
entirely of molecules. It can be electrolytically decomposed by addition of traces of dil. H2SO4 which
dissociates as: H+1 and SO42- and help in dissociating water into H+1 and OH- ions, water being a polar
solvent. Hence, electrolysis of acidulated water is considered to be an example of catalysis.

Question 2(2011)

During electrolysis of CuSO4 solution using platinum [cathode] and carbon [anode]:

(i) State what you observe at the cathode and anode.

(ii) State the change noticed in the electrolyte

(iii) Write the reactions at the cathode and anode.

Answer

(i) At cathode : Cu2+ ions and H1+ ions migrate to the cathode. Cu2+ ions are discharged in preference
to H1+.

At anode : SO42- and OH1- ions migrate to the anode but OH1- ions are discharged since they are lower
in the electrochemical series.

(ii) The blue colour of CuSO4 solution fades since the blue Cu2+ ions which are discharged at the
cathode are not replaced at the anode.
(iii) Cathode : Cu2+ + 2e- ⟶ Cu

Anode: OH1- - 1e- ⟶ OH x 2

[2OH ⟶ H2O + [O]]

4OH ⟶ 2H2O + O2

Question 3(2011)

Differentiate between electrical conductivity of – copper sulphate solution and of copper metal.

Answer

Electrical conductivity of Electrical conductivity of

copper sulphate solution copper metal

The flow of electricity takes place by flow of ions which are denser The flow of electricity takes place by flow
compared to electrons. which have negligible mass.

There is decomposition of the copper sulphate solution and thus the There is no decomposition of copper meta
chemical properties of electrolyte are altered. chemical properties of copper are intact.

Good conductors of electricity in aq. soln. or molten state but not in

Good conductor of electricity in solid and
solid state.

During conduction through copper sulphate solution, there is During conduction through copper metal,
transfer of ions. transfer of matter.

The flow of electricity decomposes the electrolyte and new products The flow of electricity only produces heat
are formed. new products are formed.

Question 1(2012)

Rewrite the correct statement with the missing word/s: Cations migrate during electrolysis.

Answer

Cation migrates to the cathode during electrolysis.

Question 2(2012)

Identify the weak electrolyte from the following:

1. Sodium Chloride solution

2. Dilute Hydrochloric acid

3. Dilute Sulphuric acid

4. Aqueous acetic acid.

Answer
Aqueous acetic acid

Question 3(2012)

Match the following in column A with the correct answer from the choices given in column B.

Column A Column B

1. Ammonium hydroxide soln. Contains only ions.

2. Dilute hydrochloric acid Contains only molecules

3. Carbon tetrachloride Contains ions and molecules

Answer

Column A Column B

1. Ammonium hydroxide soln. Contains ions and molecules

2. Dilute hydrochloric acid Contains only ions

3. Carbon tetrachloride Contains only molecules

Question 4(2012)

Give reasons: An aqueous solution of sodium chloride conducts electricity.

Answer

The ions of sodium chloride are not free but held together by strong electrostatic force of attraction.
However in aqueous solution of sodium chloride the ions break lose and move freely. Hence, an
aqueous solution of sodium chloride conducts electricity.

Question 5(2012)

Select the correct answer from the list in brackets:

(i) An aqueous electrolyte consists of the ions mentioned in the list. The ion which could be
discharged most readily during electrolysis. [Fe2+, Cu2+, H+].

(ii) The metallic electrode which does not take part in an electrolytic reaction. [Cu, Ag, Pt, Ni].

(iii) The ion which is discharged at the anode during the electrolysis of copper sulphate solution using
copper electrodes as anode and cathode. [Cu2+, OH1-, SO42-, H+].

(iv) When dilute sodium chloride is electrolysed using graphite electrodes, the cation which is
discharged at the cathode most readily. [Na1+, OH1-, H1+, Cl1-].

(v) During silver plating of an article using potassium argentocyanide as an electrolyte, the anode
material should be [Cu, Ag, Pt, Fe].

Answer
(i) An aqueous electrolyte consists of the ions mentioned in the list. The ion which could be
discharged most readily during electrolysis. — Cu2+.

(ii) The metallic electrode which does not take part in an electrolytic reaction. — Pt.

(iii) The ion which is discharged at the anode during the electrolysis of copper sulphate solution using
copper electrodes as anode and cathode. — Cu2+.

(iv) When dilute sodium chloride is electrolysed using graphite electrodes, the cation which is
discharged at the cathode most readily. — H1+

(v) During silver plating of an article using potassium argentocyanide as an electrolyte, the anode
material should be — Ag.

Question 1(2013)

State one appropriate observation for : Electricity is passed through molten lead bromide.

Answer

Solid lead bromide is a non conductor of electric current since it's ions are not free and held together
by strong electrostatic force of attraction. The ions become free in molten state. Hence, electricity is
passed through molten lead bromide.

Question 2(2013)

State which of these will act as a non-electrolyte ?

1. Liquid carbon tetrachloride

2. Acetic acid

3. Sodium hydroxide aqueous solution acid.

4. Potassium chloride aqueous solution.

Answer

Liquid carbon tetrachloride is a non-electrolyte

Question 3(2013)

Copper sulphate soln. is electrolysed using copper electrodes as seen in diagram.

(i) Which electrode to your left or right is known as the oxidising electrode and why?

(ii) Write the equation representing the reaction that occurs.

(iii) State two appropriate observations for the above electrolysis reaction.

Answer

(i) The electrode connected to the positive terminal of the battery (i.e., electrode on the left) is the
oxidizing electrode as anions donate excess electrons to the anode and are oxidized to neutral
atoms.

(ii) Cu – 2e– ⟶ Cu2+

(iii) Copper anode shows a loss in mass. The blue colour of aq. copper sulphate soln. remains
unchanged.

Question 4(2013)

Name: A gas which in the liquid state does not conduct electricity but conducts when dissolved in
water.

Answer
Hydrogen chloride gas

Question 1(2014)

The observation seen when fused lead bromide is electrolysed is:

1. a silver grey deposit at anode and a reddish brown deposit at cathode.

2. a silver grey deposit at cathode and a reddish brown deposit at anode.

3. a silver grey deposit at cathode and reddish brown fumes at anode.

4. silver grey fumes at anode and reddish brown fumes at cathode.

Answer

a silver grey deposit at cathode and reddish brown fumes at anode.

Reason — silver grey colour is due to lead metal deposited at cathode and reddish brown fumes at
anode is due to bromine vapours.

Question 2(2014)

During electroplating an article with silver, the electrolyte used is:

1. silver nitrate solution

2. silver cyanide solution

3. sodium argentocyanide solution

4. nickel sulphate solution

Answer

sodium argentocyanide solution

Question 3(2014)

Give one word or phrase for: Electrolytic deposition of a superior metal on a base metal.

Answer

Electroplating

Question 4(2014)

State your observation: At the cathode when acidified aq. CuSO4 soln. is electrolysed with copper
electrodes.

Answer

Copper, a brownish pink metal is deposited at the cathode when acidified aq. CuSO4 soln. is
electrolysed with copper electrodes

Question 5(2014)

State which electrode: anode or cathode is the oxidizing electrode. Give a reason for the same.

Answer
Anode is the oxidizing electrode.
Reason — The anions donate the excess electrons to the anode and are oxidized to neutral atoms.
Hence, the anode is the oxidizing electrode by which the electrons leave the electrolyte.

Question 6(2014)

Name the kind of particles present in:

(i) Sodium hydroxide soln.

(ii) Carbonic acid.

(iii) Sugar soln.

Answer

(i) Strong electrolyte — Sodium (Na+) ions and hydroxide (OH-) ions.

(ii) Weak electrolyte — Ions (H+, HCO3, CO32- ) and molecules (H2CO3)

(iii) Non-electrolyte — Molecules of sugar soln.

Question 7(2014)

M2O is the oxide of a metal 'M' which is the above hydrogen in the activity series. M2O when
dissolved in water forms the corresponding hydroxide which is a good conductor of electricity.

(i) State the reaction taking place at the cathode.

(ii) Name the product at the anode.

Answer

Reaction at cathode : M+ + e- ⟶ M

Product at anode : Oxygen

Question 1(2015)

State one observation for. 'At the anode when aqueous copper sulphate solution is electrolysed using
copper electrodes'.

Answer

Copper anode shows a loss in mass.

Question 2(2015)

Give scientific reasons :

(i) During electrolysis of molten lead bromide, graphite anode is preferred to other electrodes.

(ii) Electrical conductivity of acetic acid is less in comparison to that of dil. H2SO4 – at a given
concentration.

(iii) Electrolysis of molten lead bromide is considered to be a redox reaction.

Answer
(i) As graphite is unaffected by the reactive bromine vapours released at the anode hence, a graphite
anode is preferred during the electrolysis of molten lead bromide.

(ii) Dil. H2SO4 is a strong electrolyte and acetic acid is a weak electrolyte. Therefore, dil. H2SO4 allows
large amount of electricity to flow through them and are good conductors of electricity whereas
acetic acid allows small amount of electricity to flow through them and are poor conductors of
electricity. Hence, electrical conductivity of acetic acid is less in comparison to that of dil. H 2SO4 – at a
given concentration.

(iii) Electrolysis of molten lead bromide involves oxidation and reduction reactions and hence is a
redox reaction.

Pb2+ + 2e- ⟶ Pb
Reduction reaction at cathode:

Br1- - 1e- ⟶ Br
Oxidation reaction at the anode:

Br + Br ⟶ Br2

Question 3(2015)

Differentiate between the terms strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte. (stating any two
differences)

Answer

Strong electrolytes Weak electrolytes

They are electrolytes which allow a large amount of electricity to They are electrolytes which allow small amoun
flow through them and hence are good conductors of electricity. flow through them and hence are poor conduc

They are almost completely dissociated in fused or aqueous

They are partially dissociated in fused or aqueo
solution state.

Question 4(2015)

During purification of copper – State:

(i) The anode used

(ii) The electrolyte used.

Write the equation taking place at the anode in the above.

Answer

(i) Impure block of copper

(ii) Aq. copper sulphate solution [acidified]

Equation at the anode: Cu – 2e- ⟶ Cu2+

Question 1(2016)

The particles present in strong electrolytes are:

Select the correct answer from A, B, C and D:

A: only molecules
B: mainly ions
C: ions and molecules
D: only atoms

Answer

mainly ions

Question 2(2016)

Write equations for the reactions taking place at the two electrodes during the electrolysis of:

(i) Acidified CuSO4 solution with copper electrodes.

(ii) Molten PbBr2 with inert electrodes. (mention clearly the name of the electrode in each case)

Answer

(i) Electrode — Cathode : Copper, Anode : Copper

Dissociation of aq. CuSO4 :

CuSO4 ⇌ Cu2+ + SO42-

H2O ⇌ H1+ + OH1-

H2SO4 ⇌ 2H1+ + SO42-

Cu2+ + 2e- ⟶ Cu [Cu deposited on thin sheet]

Reaction at cathode [pure thin sheet of Cu]:

Cu - 2e- ⟶ Cu2+ [product nil - Cu2+ ions]

Reaction at anode [impure block of active Cu]:

(ii) Electrode — Cathode : Iron or Graphite, Anode : Graphite

Dissociation of molten PbBr2 : PbBr2 ⇌ Pb2+ (cathode) + 2Br1- (anode)

Pb2+ + 2e- ⟶ Pb [product lead metal]

Reaction at cathode:

Br1- - 1e-⟶ Br
Reaction at anode:

Br + Br ⟶ Br2

Question 3(2016)

Name:

(i) the product formed at the anode – during electrolysis of acidified water using platinum electrodes.

(ii) the metallic ions that should be present – in the electrolyte when an article made of copper is to
be electroplated with silver.

Answer
(i) Oxygen

(ii) Silver ions

Question 4(2016)

Give reasons why:

(i) Sodium Chloride will conduct electricity only in fused or aq. soln. state.

(ii) In the electroplating of an article with silver, the electrolyte sodium argentocyanide soln. is
preferred over silver nitrate solution.

(iii) Although copper is a good conductor of electricity, it is a non-electrolyte.

Answer

(i) The ions Na+ and Cl– are not free but held together by strong electrostatic force of attraction. In
fused or molten state the ions break free and move. Hence, NaCl will conduct electricity only in fused
state or aq. soln. state.

(ii) Migration of Ag1+ ions from sodium argentocyanide solution is slow compared to that from silver
nitrate. Hence, an even deposition of metal silver is obtained on the article. Therefore, the
electrolyte sodium argentocyanide soln. is preferred over silver nitrate solution.

(iii) Copper does not undergo chemical decomposition due to flow of electric current through it.
Hence, copper is a good conductor of electricity but it is a non-electrolyte.

Question 1(2017)

Identify the substance underlined, in each of the following —

(i) The electrolyte used for electroplating an article with silver.

(ii) The particles present in a liquid such as kerosene, that is a non-electrolyte.

Answer

(i) Sodium argentocyanide

(ii) Molecules only

Question 2(2017)

State the observations at the anode & at the cathode during the electrolysis of –

(i) Fused lead bromide using graphite electrodes.

(ii) Copper sulphate solution using copper electrodes.

Answer

(i) The observations at the anode & at the cathode are:

At cathode — silvery grey deposit of lead metal.
At anode — reddish brown fumes of bromine vapours.

(ii) The observations at the anode & at the cathode are:

At cathode — Brownish pink copper metal is deposited at cathode during electrolysis of copper
sulphate.
At anode — Copper ions are formed. Copper anode diminishes in mass.

Blue colour of CuSO4 remains unchanged.

Question 3(2017)

Select the ion in each case, that would get selectively discharged from the aqueous mixture of the
ions listed below:

(i) SO42-, NO3- and OH- ;

(ii) Pb2+, Ag+ and Cu2+.

Answer

(i) OH- ion will get discharged in preference to SO42- or NO3- ions.

(ii) Ag+ ions will get discharged in preference to Pb2+ or Cu2+ ions.

Question 1(2018)

Choose the correct answer from the options given : The electrolysis of acidified water is an example
of :

1. Reduction

2. Oxidation

3. Redox reaction

4. Synthesis

Answer

Redox reaction
Reason — Reaction at cathode: Hydrogen ions, H+ being the only positively charged ions migrate to
the cathode. Since, the cathode is a reservoir of electrons , H+ ions gain an electron and become a
neutral hydrogen atom. Therefore reduction takes place at cathode.

H+ + e- ⟶ H

H + H ⟶ H2

Reaction at anode : SO42- and OH- ions both migrate to the anode. OH-being lower in electrochemical
series is discharged preferentially.

OH- ions loses an electron to the anode and becomes neutral OH. The combination of OH forms
water with the liberation of oxygen, given off at anode.

OH- ⟶ OH + e-

OH + OH ⟶ H2O + O

O + O ⟶ O2

Therefore, oxidation takes place at anode. Hence, electrolysis of acidified water is an example of
redox reaction
Question 2(2018)

State one relevant observation : At the anode when molten lead bromide is electrolysed using
graphite electrodes

Answer

At the anode, brown fumes of bromine vapours are observed.

Question 3(2018)

Give a reason for : Conductivity of dilute hydrochloric acid is greater than that of acetic acid.

Answer

Dil. H2SO4 is a strong electrolyte and acetic acid is a weak electrolyte. Therefore, dil. H2SO4 allows
large amount of electricity to flow through it and is a good conductor of electricity whereas acetic
acid allows small amount of electricity to flow through it and is a poor conductor of electricity.
Hence, electrical conductivity of dilute hydrochloric acid is greater than that of acetic acid.

Question 4(2018)

Name the gas that is produced at the anode during the electrolysis of acidified water.

Answer

Oxygen gas

Question 5(2018)

Fill in the blank with the correct choice given in the bracket - Electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride
solution will form ............... at the cathode. [hydrogen gas / sodium metal]

Answer

Electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride solution will form hydrogen gas at the cathode.

Question 6(2018)

Copy and complete the following table which refers to the conversion of ions to neutral particles.

Conversion Ionic equation Oxidation/Reduction

Chloride ion to chlorine molecule

Lead [II] ion to lead

Answer

Conversion Ionic equation Oxidation/Reducti

Cl1- - 1e- ⟶ Cl [Cl2]

Cl + Cl ⟶ Cl2
Chloride ion to chlorine molecule Oxidation
 Conversion Ionic equation Oxidation/Reducti

Lead [II] ion to lead Pb2+ + 2e- ⟶ Pb Reduction

Question 7(2018)

For the electro-refining of copper —

(i) State what the cathode is made up of.

(ii) Write the reaction that takes place at the anode.

Answer

(i) Pure thin sheet of copper.

(ii) Cu - 2e- ⟶ Cu2+

Question 1(2019)

Choose the correct answer from the options A, B, C, D given. An electrolyte which completely
dissociates into ions is

1. Alcohol

2. Carbonic acid

3. Sucrose

4. Sodium hydroxide

Answer

Sodium hydroxide
Reason — Sodium hydroxide is a strong electrolyte hence, it completely dissociates into ions.

Question 2(2019)

State one observation for the following : Copper sulphate solution is electrolysed using copper
electrodes.

Answer

A brownish pink deposit of copper metal is seen at the cathode when copper solution is electrolyzed
using copper electrodes. The blue colour of Copper Sulphate solution does not face and Copper
anode diminishes in mass.

Question 3(2019)

Arrange the following according to the instruction given in the bracket : Mg 2+, Cu2+, Na1+, H1+ [In the
order of preferential discharge at the cathode. ]

Answer

Cu2+, H1+, Mg2+, Na1+

Lower the position of the ion, greater the tendency to be liberated at the cathode (or respective
electrode).

Question 4(2019)

Name the particles present in :

(i) Strong electrolyte

(ii) Non-electrolyte

(iii) Weak electrolyte

Answer

(i) Ions only

(ii) Molecules only

(iii) Ions and Molecules

Question 1(2020)

Choose the correct answer from the options given : The inert electrode used in the electrolysis of
acidified water is :

1. Nickle

2. Platinum

3. Copper

4. Silver

Answer

Platinum

Question 2(2020)

State one relevant reason for : Graphite anode is preferred to platinum in the electrolysis of molten
lead bromide.

Answer

As graphite is unaffected by the reactive bromine vapours released at the anode hence, a graphite
anode is preferred to platinum in the electrolysis of molten lead bromide.

Question 3(2020)

Give one word or a phrase for the statement : Electrode used as cathode in electrorefining of impure
copper.

Answer

Pure thin sheet of copper is used as cathode.

Question 4(2020)
Fill in the blanks from the choices give in bracket : An alkali which completely dissociates into ions
is ............... [ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide]

Answer

An alkali which completely dissociates into ions is lithium hydroxide

Question 5(2020)

Choose the correct word which refers to the process of electrolysis from A to E, to match the
description (i) to (iv): A: Oxidation, B: Cathode, C: Anode , D: An electrolyte , E : Reduction

(i) Conducts electricity in aq. or in molten state.

(ii) Loss of electrons takes place at anode.

(iii) A reducing electrode

(iv) Electrode connected to the positive end or terminal of the battery.

Answer

(i) Conducts electricity in aqueous or in molten state — D: An electrolyte

(ii) Loss of electrons takes place at anode — A: oxidation

(iii) A reducing electrode — B: Cathode

(iv) Electrode connected to positive end or terminal of the battery. — C: Anode

Question 6(2020)

Differentiate between the following pairs based on the information given in the bracket. Conductor
and electrolyte [conducting particles]

Answer

Conductor Electrolyte

The flow of electricity takes place by flow of electrons which The flow of electricity takes place by flow of ions w
have negligible mass. compared to electrons.

Question 7(2020)

Identify the underlined substance: The electrode that increases in mass during the electro-refining of
silver.

Answer

Cathode
Reason — Pure copper is deposited on the thin sheet of pure copper placed at the cathode.

Question 8(2020)

An aqueous solution of nickle [II] sulphate was electrolyzed using nickle electrodes. Observe the
diagram and answer the questions that follow:
(i) What do you observe at the cathode and anode respectively.

(ii) Name the cation that remains as a spectator ion in the solution.

(iii) Which equation for the reaction at the anode is correct.

1. Ni ⟶ Ni2+ + 2e-

2. Ni + 2e- ⟶ Ni2+

3. Ni2+ ⟶ Ni + 2e-

4. Ni2+ + 2e- ⟶ Ni

Answer

(i) The observations at cathode and anode are:

At cathode: Ni2+ ions move towards cathode and are discharged as neutral Ni atoms by gain of
electrons. Thus, Ni is deposited at cathode.
At anode: Diminishes in mass. Ni2+ ions are formed.

(ii) H+ ions.

(iii) Ni ⟶ Ni2+ + 2e-