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    20011502-053 Quiz

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    Mirza Umair Sami

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    20011502-053 Quiz

    Uploaded by

    Mirza Umair Sami
    2 views2 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views2 pages

    20011502-053 Quiz

    Uploaded by

    Mirza Umair Sami

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    SUBMITTED TO

    PROF. REHAN ASLAM SAHI

    DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

    SUBMITTED BY

    ESHA EMAN

    20011502-053

    SEMESTER 8TH

    SECTION A – LIT.

    DEPARTMENT ENGLISH (BS)

    SUBJECT

    ISLAM AND WESTERN LITERATURE

    ENG-354

    SUBMISSION DATE

    10-06-2024
    GEORGE SALE’S ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF THE QUR’ĀN (1734)
    George Sale's translation of the Quran, published in 1734, is the first work directly derived from
    the Arabic text, marked a significant departure from previous works and laid the groundwork for
    subsequent representations of Islam in Europe. Sale's interests in oriental studies were evident
    from his involvement with the "Society for Promoting of Christian Knowledge" and his collection
    of Arabic, Turkish, and Persian manuscripts.
    Sale's translation “The Korân, commonly called the Alcoran of Mohammed” aims to provide a
    scholarly understanding of Islam while avoiding arguments or bias. In the dedication, Sale
    defended his translation project and acknowledged personal motives, such as supporting his
    family. He expressed his intention to approach Muhammad and Islam without prejudice,
    recognizing historical tensions between Christians and Muslims. The preface criticized earlier
    polemical approaches and advocated for studying Islam with respect and decency, urging humane
    interaction in dialogue between Christians and Muslims. The Preliminary Discourse provided
    extensive scholarly exploration of 7th-century Arabia, the emergence of Islam, and Muhammad's
    preaching, offering valuable insights for 18th-century European intellectuals. Sale's translation of
    the Quran followed, presenting the surahs in continuous prose without numbering the verses, thus
    avoiding excessive literalism. He supplemented the translation with personal notes on reading
    variants, occasions of revelation, and historical context, providing a comprehensive understanding
    of the Quranic text.
    Sale claimed his translation relied heavily on authoritative Muslim commentaries, though his
    access to these sources was possibly mediated through Marracci's pioneering work. Sale
    demonstrated his independence as an Arabist and philologist by critiquing interpretations found in
    Marracci's work, and drawing from diverse Eastern and European sources. His careful scholarship
    combined insights from various sources to present a comprehensive understanding of the Quranic
    text.

    Sale's translation received widespread acclaim throughout Europe. The influential figures like
    Voltaire, Savary, and Kazimirski praised Sale's work for its faithfulness and usefulness. Sale's
    translation saw numerous reprints and editions, with translations into German, Russian, Hungarian,
    Dutch, French, Swedish, and even Arabic. The "Preliminary Discourse" specifically gained
    significant attention, further disseminating Sale's insights on Islam.

    George Sale's translation of Surah al Fatiha, the preface of the Quran, provides insight into the
    significance and interpretation of this chapter. Sale notes that this chapter is considered a prayer
    and held in great reverence by Muslims, who often repeat it in their devotions. Sale mainly focused
    on two points; “… Lord of all creatures… Direct us in the right way…”

    Despite later English translations, Sale's work remained unmatched in its impact, enduring as a
    foundational text in the study of Islam. This translation continues to be studied for its historical
    importance, for its role in shaping European perceptions of Islam, and for its use in contemporary
    contexts such as the swearing-in of Muslim politicians.

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