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Organelle Notes

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10 views

Organelle Notes

Uploaded by

noragarciamotta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Organelles

 Organelles - Specialized structures in a


cell that have a specific function.
Cell Membrane
 Cell Membrane - Thin, flexible barrier
around a cell; regulates what enters and
leaves the cell (selectively permeable)

Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Plant
Animal
Cell Wall
 Cell Wall - Strong supporting layer around
the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some
bacteria that
supports and
shapes
 Made of CELLULOSE
in plants,chitin,
etc. depending
on the
organism.

Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Plant
Nucleus
 Nucleus – Contains DNA (genetic
information) and instructions for the
productions of proteins and other cellular
processes
 Bounded by
the nuclear
envelope

Eukaryote
Plant
Animal
DNA/Chromatin
 DNA- Genetic
information (nucleic
acid)

Virus
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Plant
Animal
Cytoskeleton Eukaryote
Plant
 Cytoskeleton - Internal Animal
structure of some cells
that gives shape and is
involved in movement
 Consists of
1. Microtubules- hollow
and tube like; made of
proteins called tubulins
2. Microfilaments- thin,
thread like; made of
protein called actin.
Centrioles
 Centrioles - Paired
structures located in
the cytoplasm of
animal cells near the
nucleus give rise to
the spindle during cell
division.
Eukaryote
Animal
Nucleolus
 Nucleolus - Small, dense region within
most nuclei in which the assembly of
ribosomes begins (ribosomal RNA)

Eukaryote
Plant
Animal
Vacuoles
 Vacuoles – Sac like structure that Eukaryote
Plant
stores water, salts, proteins, and
Animal
carbohydrates.
 Plants contain large central vacuoles
 Animals contain many smaller vacuoles
Prokaryote
Cytoplasm Eukaryote
Plant
 Cytoplasm – The fluid matrix that Animal
consists of water and dissolved substances
such as proteins and nutrients. (cytosol)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Internal
membrane system in cells in which lipid
components of the cell membrane are
assembled and some proteins are
modified
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Rough ER- The portion of the ER involved
in the synthesis of proteins
 Given this name
because of the
ribosomes found
on its surface.
 Abundant in cells
that produce
large amounts
of protein for
export.
Eukaryote
Plant
Animal
Ribosomes
 Ribosomes – small
particles of rRNA;
 Where proteins are
assembled
Found throughout
the cytoplasm and
on the
rough ER.
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Plant
Animal
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Smooth ER – Endoplasmic reticulum where
ribosomes are not found on its surface
 Involved in:
1. synthesis of
lipids for cell
membranes
1. detoxification
of drugs (in
liver cells)
Eukaryote
Plant
Animal
Chloroplasts
 Chloroplasts -
Organelles that capture
the energy from sunlight
and convert it into
chemical energy in food
(photosynthesis).
 Like a solar power plant.
 Contain the green
pigment chlorophyll.
Eukaryote
Plant
Golgi Apparatus
 Golgi Apparatus - Modify, sort, and
package proteins (from the ER) into vesicles
for storage in the cell or secretion outside
the cell.
 Finishing
touches are
put on proteins
before they
are ready to
leave the
“factory.”
Eukaryote
Plant
Animal
Mitochondria
 Mitochondria - Organelles
Eukaryote
that convert the chemical Plant
energy stored in food Animal
(glucose) to make energy
molecules for cells
Lysosomes
 Lysosomes – Vesicles from a Golgi that
contain digestive enzymes that
1. Digest/break down lipids, carbohydrates,
and proteins into small molecules that
can be used by the cell
2. Break down/get rid of
waste or worn out cell
parts
Eukaryote
Animal
Cilia and Flagella
 Cilia are short,
numerous, and
hair-like
 Flagella are
long, fewer,
and tail-like
 Both are for
movement
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Animal

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