Pump and Pipeline Design

09th September 2018

Editor: Mohammed Al-Salti

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 Agenda
• An Introduction To Pumping Equipment
• Performance Factors To Consider When Selecting A
Pump
• Pump Types
• An Introduction To Net Positive Suction Head
• Our Scenario About Oily Water Plant Design

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 An Introduction To Pumping Equipment

Pumps are meant to move fluid (liquids or gases) from

one place to another by mechanical action

Pumps operate by some mechanism (typically

reciprocating or rotary).

Pumps operate via many energy sources, including manual

operation, electricity, engines, or wind power, come in
many sizes.

Nearly all pumps fall within these two categories

centrifugal Pumps and positive displacement pumps
Templates

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Performance Factors To Consider When Selecting A Pump

Capacity And Power Sources

Power

Performance
Factors

Materials Head

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 Pump Types

1. Positive Displacement Pumps .

2. Centrifugal Pumps

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 1. Positive Displacement Pumps

A. They pull fluid into a compartment at the inlet and moves it to an

outlet for discharge using a rotary, reciprocating, or diaphragm
method to moves the fluid.

B. Flow rate fixed, they will move the fluid at the same speed regardless
of the pressure on the inlet.

C. Viscosity, high viscosity run fluids run more efficiently , with lower
energy cost in DP pumps.

D. Pressure, operate from 250 PSI to 3000 PSI and get more efficient
in higher pressure.

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1. When To Use A Positive Displacement

Pump?

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1. When To Use A Positive Displacement Pump?

• For their ability to handle high viscosity fluids at high

pressures and relatively low flows as their efficiency isn’t
affected by pressure.

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 2. Centrifugal Pumps

A. Centrifugal pump is the radial flow pump. These centrifugal pumps

use a rotating impeller to create a vacuum in order to move fluid.

B. Flow rate, variable they will move fluid at different speeds depending
on pressure.

C. Axial flow pumps move fluid by drawing fluid into their axis and
using the impeller to send fluid out on the other side of the pump.

D. Pressure, bet for low pressure application but can be run in series to
boost pressure.

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• Q1.What Applications Are Centrifugal Pumps

Used For?

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 What Applications Are Centrifugal Pumps Used
For?
Centrifugal pumps are the most common pump type for the transfer of low viscosity fluids in high flow rate,
low pressure installations.

A. General water supply

B. Sea water transfer
C. Water circulation
D. Air conditioning
E. Boiler feed
F. Light fuel transfer
G. Petrochemical
H. Washing and firefighting
I. Irrigation

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• Q2. What Are Benefits Of Centrifugal Pump?

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 What Are Benefits Of Centrifugal Pump?
1. A simple design with few moving parts

2. Resulting in lower maintenance requirements and costs

3. Used often or is even continuously run.

4. Also makes centrifugal pumps easy to produce in many different materials including plastics and cast iron for
lighter duties, and bronze and stainless steels for more corrosive or hygienic application

5. Hence the multiple fluids that centrifugal pump is suitable for use with.

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 An Introduction To Net Positive Suction
Head
In a hydraulic circuit, net positive suction head (NPSH) may refer to
one of two quantities in the analysis of cavitation:

1. The Available NPSH (NPSHA): a measure of how close the fluid at

a given point is to flashing, and so to cavitation. Technically it is the
absolute pressure head minus the Vapour Pressure of the liquid.

2. The Required NPSH (NPSHR): the head value at the suction side
(e.g. the inlet of a pump) required to keep the fluid from
cavitation(provided by the manufacturer)

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• Q1. Why NPSH Important For Pump Design?

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Q1. Why NPSH Important For Pump Design?

A. To avoid pump cavitation's

B. To reducing vapors pressures.
C. Avoid pump vibration.
D. Increasing pump efficiency.

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Our Scenario A bout Oily Water Plant Design

The scenario:
We are going to design injection
water pump that need to deliver
liquid for 6 gas wells.

So find the (NPSHa) to request

from manufacture about (NPSHr)

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• First of all let to discuss:

• Q1: Which Type Of Pump Suitable For Our Project And

Why?

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❑ Data collection from site by process engineer: Parameters Values

• -The efficiency of pump 82% base of flow volume 500m3/h Length of Pipe 36m

Inner Diameter of 0.3m

pipe

Efficiency of Pump 82%

❑ Then we need to be find Calculation and result of design procedure of (NPSHA) because:
– To prevent cavitations.
– For request of (NPSHr).
– Prevent pump heat stress due to over load.
– Prevent backward flow.
– Prevent gas bubbles creating inside casing which the chance to damage pipe work or pump impeller.

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 1-Calculation The Area Section Area Of Pipe.
We will find the area of pipe to find the fluid velocity.
The formula of area:
𝜋 𝐷²
A= diameter Size of pipe given by inch= 12” convert to meter = 0.3048m
4

3.14x0.3048²m
A=
4

A= 0.0729m², this is value for area of pipe

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 2-Calculation Of Fluid Velocity
The formula of velocity:
V= mass/(area xdensity)
Mass = (kg/s)
Area = (M²)
Density = (Kg/mᴲ)
V = Velocity
Mass = Volume X density
As we know that the flow which inject to wells is water and the water density is 1000kg/m3
Mass = Volume X density
= 500 M³/h X 1000 Kg/M³ = 500x103 Kg/h convert hour to second because velocity unit m/s
=500x103Kg/h X 1h/60min X 1min/60s = 139 Kg/s this is the mass flow
Back to velocity formula:
V= mass/(area xdensity), U = (139kg/s)/(0.0729 m³ x1000 Kg/m³) =1.9m/s this is the fluid velocity inside the line

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 3. Calculation Reynolds Number
The Reynolds number important to find friction factor by moody diagram
Reynolds number formula:
Re = (( ρV D))/µ
Where
Re = Reynolds number
µ = Fluid viscosity (Kg/Ms)
V = Fluid velocity m/s
ρ = Fluid density (Kg/M³ )
Let find the viscosity number:
In our flow the fluid temperature design rang 25 to 55= 25+55= 80C then divide 80/2=40C
Refer table of dynamic viscosity
From dynamic viscosity, the fluid viscosity= 0.653x10-3
Back to Reynolds formula:
Re = (( ρV D))/µ
Re = (1000 Kg/M³ x1.9 m/s x0.3048m )/(0.653x〖10〗^(-3) P.a.s) = 886860 = 886x10⁻³ = 8.865x10⁵
Almost Reynolds number= 9x105

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 4. Friction Factor
From moody diagram find absolute roughness, t
Relative pipe roughness = t/D
Where t is pipe materials made
D= pipe diameter
Have look for material made from table

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From materials table the pipe materials is carbon steel (new)
carbon steel = 0.035mm convert to meter = 3.5x10⁻⁵m.
Relative pipe roughness = ((3.5x〖10〗^(-5) m )/(0.3048 m) )=1.148x10⁻⁴
So now we need to find friction factor by using moody diagram
After apply the value of Reynolds number and
Relative pipe roughness the Friction factor = 0.013

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 5. Pressure Drop Due To Friction
Right now we must to know how much the pressure drop due to friction in the fluid.
Friction factor formula:
F = (2 D )/(ρU^2 L) ∆P
F = Friction Factor
∆P= Pressure drop
ρ= Density of liquid Kg/M³
U² =Velocity of fluid m/s
L = Length of pipe.
∆P = (F.ρ.U^2.L)/2D
∆P = (0.013x1000 Kg/M³ x(1.9 m/s)^2 x36m )/2x0.03048m= 1689.48/0.06096= 27714.56kg/m.s2
∆P= 0.277 bar this pressure drop value

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 6. Calculation Of Pump Work
This is for how much pump output power can pumping flow

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Work shaft formula:
W shaft =(H.m)/10³, where
H = Dynamic Head ((N.m)/Ko)
Mv = Volumetric flow rate (=M²/s)
Head formula, H = =((P^2-P^1))/γ
P₁ = Suction pressure
P₂ = Discharge pressure
γ = Specify gravity
γ = Density x gravity
1000 Kg/M³ x9.81 M/S²=9810N/m³
H = (60x〖10〗^5-0.9x10⁵)/(9810 =N/M³)
H = 602m, this is the head value the pump can transfer liquid

Back to pump work calculation

W shaft =(H.m)/10³ , volume given by hour convert to second
Volume = 500M³/h x 1h/60minx(1 min)/60s = 0138M³/s
Wshaft = ((602.9x9810)x0.138 M³/s)/10³= 814.9 J/S this is pump power output

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As we know the pump efficiency= 82% refer book plant design& economic for chemical engineer page 516
Efficiency= (power out put)/(power in put),82% = 814.97/(power in put)

Power input= 933.86 j/s = watt

We notice that output power of pump less than input
power of motor due to:
1. Vibration
2. Heat stress
3. Sound
4. Temperature
5. Friction

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7. Calculate Net Positive Suction Head Available
(NPSHa)
As we discuss above the process engineer required to find out (NPSHa) for arrange
(NPSHr) which will get it from manufactures.
Formula of (NPSHa):
NPSHa = Patm/y+he+hl- Pv/y
Where
y = Specie weight (9810 N/M³)
he = elevation head.
hl = Head lose
Pv= vapor pressure
Patm= atmospheric pressure

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Let to find elevation head
he = Patm/y-Pv/y
Pv from suction head for water as affected by temperature table, as we now fluid
temperature= 40C
LAHH= 18.900mm

LAH= 18.200 mm

LAL = 100 mm H: Head of pump

LALL= 900 m he

hl

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Pv= 7.7x103 N/m2
Patm= atmospheric pressure (1x103 N/m2)
y= specific gravity (density x gravity) (1000x9.81) = 9810 N/m2
he = Patm/y-Pv/y
he = (1x105 N/m2)/9810-(7.7x105 N/m2)/9810
he= 9.54 m this is value of elevation head
Let go for head lose formula:
hl = ∆P/µ
hl = (27714.56kg/m.s)/(9810 N/m²) = 2.82 m this is value of head lose
Lets back to Formula of (NPSHa):
NPSHa = Patm/y+he+hl- Pv/y
NPSHa = (1x5N/m2 )/(9810 N/m²)+9.54m+2m-0.093m-(7700 N/m²)/(7700 N/m²)
= 10.32+11.54m-0.093-0.78
= 21.86-0.687 = 21.173m this is formula for available NPSHa
so when will order required NPSHr must be less than NPSHa

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Thank You
References:
• Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineer

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