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QUADRILATERALS
Class 9th Mathematics

Quadrilaterals
Quadrilateral
A quadrilateral is a closed figure obtained by joining four points (with no three points
collinear) in an order.

Here, ABCD is a quadrilateral.

Parts of a quadrilateral
• A quadrilateral has four sides, four angles and four vertices.
• Two sides of a quadrilateral having no common end point are called its opposite
sides.
• Two sides of a quadrilateral having a common end point are called its adjacent sides.
• Two angles of a quadrilateral having common arm are called its adjacent angles.
• Two angles of a quadrilateral not having a common arm are called its opposite
angles.
• A diagonal is a line segment obtained on joining the opposite vertices.
Angle sum property of a quadrilateral
Sum of all the angles of a quadrilateral is 360o. This is known as the angle sum property of a
quadrilateral.

Types of quadrilaterals and their properties:

Name of a quadrilateral Properties

Parallelogram: A quadrilateral with each i. Opposite sides are equal.

pair of opposite sides parallel. ii. Opposite angles are equal.
iii. Diagonals bisect one another.

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Rhombus: A parallelogram with sides of i. All properties of a parallelogram.

equal length. ii. Diagonals are perpendicular to
each other.

Rectangle: A parallelogram with all i. All the properties of a

angles right angle. parallelogram.
ii. Each of the angles is a right angle.
iii. Diagonals are equal.

Square: A rectangle with sides of equal All the properties of a parallelogram,

length. a rhombus and a rectangle.

Kite: A quadrilateral with exactly two i. The diagonals are perpendicular

pairs of equal consecutive sides. to one another.
ii. One of the diagonals bisects the
other.
iii. If ABCD is a kite, then ∠B = ∠D
but ∠A ≠ ∠C

Trapezium: A quadrilateral with one One pair of opposite sides parallel.

pair of opposite sides parallel is called
trapezium.

Important facts about quadrilaterals

• If the non-parallel sides of trapezium are equal, it is known as isosceles trapezium.
• Square, rectangle and rhombus are all parallelograms.
• Kite and trapezium are not parallelograms.
• A square is a rectangle.
• A square is a rhombus.
• A parallelogram is a trapezium.

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Class 9th Mathematics
A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if:
i. each pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral is equal, or
ii. each pair of opposite angles is equal, or
iii. the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect other, or
iv. each pair of opposite sides is equal and parallel.

Mid-Point Theorem
The line segment joining the mid-points of any two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third
side and equal to half of it.

Converse of mid-point theorem

The line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle, parallel to another side,
bisects the third side.

Formation of a new quadrilateral using the given data

• If the diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, then it is a rectangle.
• If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other at right angles, then it is a
rhombus.
• If the diagonals of a quadrilateral are equal and bisect each other at right angles,
then it is a square.
If there are three or more parallel lines and the intercepts made by them on a transversal are
equal, then the corresponding intercepts on any other transversal are also equal.

Parallelogram: Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal

In ΔABC and ΔCDA

AC = AC [Common / transversal]

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∠BCA = ∠DAC [alternate angles]

∠BAC = ∠DCA [alternate angles]

ΔABC ≅ ΔCDA [ASA rule]

Hence,

AB = DC and AD= BC [ C.P.C.T.C]

Opposite angles in a parallelogram are equal

In parallelogram ABCD

AB ‖ CD; and AC is the transversal

Hence, ∠1 = ∠3 …. (1) (alternate interior angles)

BC ‖ DA; and AC is the transversal

Hence, ∠2 = ∠4 …. (2) (alternate interior angles)

Adding (1) and (2)

∠1 + ∠2 = ∠3 + ∠4

∠BAD = ∠BCD

Similarly,

∠ADC = ∠ABC

Properties of diagonal of a parallelogram

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Class 9th Mathematics
Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

In ΔAOB and ΔCOD,

∠3 = ∠5 [alternate interior angles]

∠1 = ∠2 [vertically opposite angles]

AB = CD [opp. Sides of parallelogram]

ΔAOB ≅ ΔCOD [AAS rule]

OB = OD and OA = OC [C.P.C.T]

Hence, proved

Conversely,

If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then it is a parallelogram.

Diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles.

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In ΔABC and ΔCDA,

AB = CD [Opposite sides of parallelogram]

BC = AD [Opposite sides of parallelogram]

AC = AC [Common side]

ΔABC ≅ ΔCDA [by SSS rule]

Hence, proved.

Diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles

Diagonals of a rhombus bisect each – other at right angles

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In ΔAOD and ΔCOD,

OA = OC [Diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other]

OD = OD [Common side]

AD = CD [Adjacent sides of a rhombus]

ΔAOD ≅ ΔCOD [SSS rule]

∠AOD = ∠DOC [C.P.C.T]

∠AOD + ∠DOC = 180 [∵ AOC is a straight line]

Hence, ∠AOD = ∠DOC = 90

Hence proved.

Diagonals of a rectangle bisect each other and are equal

Rectangle ABCD

In ΔABC and ΔBAD,

AB = BA [Common side]

BC = AD [Opposite sides of a rectangle]

∠ABC = ∠BAD [Each = 900 ∵ ABCD is a Rectangle]

ΔABC ≅ ΔBAD [SAS rule]

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∴AC = BD [C.P.C.T]

Consider ΔOAD and ΔOCB,

AD = CB [Opposite sides of a rectangle]

∠OAD = ∠OCB [∵ AD||BC and transversal AC intersects them]

∠ODA = ∠OBC [∵ AD||BC and transversal BD intersects them]

ΔOAD ≅ ΔOCB [ASA rule]

∴OA = OC [C.P.C.T]

Similarly, we can prove OB=OD

Diagonals of a square bisect each other at right angles and are equal

In ΔABC and ΔBAD,

AB = BA [Common side]

BC = AD [Opposite sides of a Square]

∠ABC = ∠BAD [Each = 900 ∵ ABCD is a Square]

ΔABC ≅ ΔBAD [SAS rule]

∴ AC = BD [C.P.C.T]

Consider ΔOAD and ΔOCB,

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AD = CB [Opposite sides of a Square]

∠OAD = ∠OCB [∵ AD||BC and transversal AC intersects them]

∠ODA = ∠OBC [∵ AD||BC and transversal BD intersects them]

ΔOAD ≅ ΔOCB [ASA rule]

∴ OA = OC [C.P.C.T]

Similarly, we can prove OB=OD

In ΔOBA and ΔODA,

OB = OD [ proved above]

BA = DA [Sides of a Square]

OA = OA [ Common side]

ΔOBA ≅ ΔODA, [ SSS rule]

∴ ∠AOB = ∠AOD [ C.P.C.T]

But ∠AOB + ∠AOD = 1800 [ Linear pair]

∴ ∠AOB = ∠AOD = 900

Important results related to parallelograms

Opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel and equal.

AB||CD, AD||BC, AB = CD, AD = BC

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Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal adjacent angels are supplementary.

∠A = ∠C, ∠B = ∠D,

∠A + ∠B = 1800, ∠B + ∠C = 1800, ∠C + ∠D = 1800, ∠D + ∠A = 1800

A diagonal of parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles.

ΔABC ≅ ΔCDA [With respect to AC as diagonal]

ΔADB ≅ ΔCBD [With respect to BD as diagonal]

The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

AE = CE, BE = DE

∠1 = ∠5 (alternate interior angles)

∠2 = ∠6 (alternate interior angles)

∠3 = ∠7 (alternate interior angles)

∠4 = ∠8 (alternate interior angles)

∠9 = ∠11 (vertically opp. angles)

∠10=∠12 (vertically opp. angles)

The Mid-Point Theorem

The line segment joining the midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side
and is half of the third side

In ΔABC, E – the midpoint of AB; F – the midpoint of AC

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QUADRILATERALS
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Construction: Produce EF to D such that EF = DF.

In ΔAEF and ΔCDF,

AF = CF [F is the midpoint of AC]

∠AFE = ∠CFD [ V.O.A]

EF = DF [Construction]

∴ ΔAEF ≅ ΔCDF [SAS rule]

Hence,

∠EAF = ∠DCF …. (1)

DC = EA = EB [E is the midpoint of AB]

DC ‖ EA ‖ AB [Since, (1), alternate interior angles]

DC ‖ EB

So EBCD is a parallelogram

Therefore, BC = ED and BC ‖ ED

Since ED = EF + FD = 2EF = BC [ ∵ EF=FD]

We have, EF = 12 BC and EF||BC

Hence proved.

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QUADRILATERALS
Class 9th Mathematics

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Important Questions
Multiple Choice questions-
Question 1. A diagonal of a Rectangle is inclines to one side of the rectangle at
an angle of 25°. The Acute Angle between the diagonals is:
(a) 115°
(b) 50°
(c) 40°
(d) 25°
Question 2. The diagonals of a rectangle PQRS intersects at O. If ∠QOR = 44°,
∠OPS =?
(a) 82°
(b) 52°
(c) 68°
(d) 75°
Question 3. If angles A, B, C and D of the quadrilateral ABCD, taken in order,
are in the ratio 3:7:6:4, then ABCD is
(a) Rhombus
(b) Parallelogram
(c) Trapezium
(d) Kite
Question 4. All the angles of a convex quadrilateral are congruent. However,
not all its sides are congruent. What type of quadrilateral is it?
(a) Parallelogram
(b) Square
(c) Rectangle
(d) Trapezium
Question 5. In a Quadrilateral ABCD, AB = BC and CD = DA, then the
quadrilateral is a
(a) Triangle
(b) Kite
(c) Rhombus
(d) Rectangle
Question 6. The angles of a quadrilateral are (5x)°, (3x + 10)°, (6x – 20)° and (x

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+ 25)°. Now, the measure of each angle of the quadrilateral will be
(a) 115°, 79°, 118°, 48°
(b) 100° 79°, 118°, 63°
(c) 110°, 84°, 106°, 60°
(d) 75°, 89°, 128°, 68°
Question 7. The diagonals of rhombus are 12 cm and 16 cm. The length of the
side of rhombus is:
(a) 12cm
(b) 16cm
(c) 8cm
(d) 10cm
Question 8. In quadrilateral PQRS, if ∠P = 60° and ∠Q: ∠R : ∠S = 2 : 3 : 7, then
∠S =
(a) 175°
(b) 210°
(c) 150°
(d) 135°
Question 9. In parallelogram ABCD, if ∠A = 2x + 15°, ∠B = 3x – 25°, then value
of x is:
(a) 91°
(b) 89°
(c) 34°
(d) 38°
Question 10. If ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || CD and AD = BC, then:
(a) ∠A = ∠B
(b) ∠A > ∠B
(c) ∠A < ∠B
(d) None of the above
Very Short:
1. If one angle of a parallelogram is twice of its adjacent angle, find the angles
of the parallelogram.
2. If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other at right angles, then
name the
quadrilateral.

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3. Three angles of a quadrilateral are equal, and the fourth angle is equal to
144o. Find each of the equal angles of the quadrilateral.
4. If ABCD is a parallelogram, then what is the measure of ∠A – ∠C?
5. PQRS is a parallelogram, in which PQ = 12 cm and its perimeter is 40 cm.
Find the length of each side of the parallelogram.
6. Two consecutive angles of a parallelogram are (x + 60)° and (2x + 30)°. What
special name can you give to this parallelogram?
7. ONKA is a square with ∠KON = 45°. Determine ∠KOA.
8. In quadrilateral PQRS, if ∠P = 60° and ∠Q : ∠R : ∠S = 2 : 3 : 7, then find the
measure of ∠S.
Short Questions:
1. ABCD is a parallelogram in which ∠ADC = 75° and side AB is produced to
point E as shown in the figure. Find x + y.
2. If the diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, then show that it is a
rectangle.
3. In the figure, ABCD is a rhombus, whose diagonals meet at O. Find the
values of x and y.
4. ABCD is a parallelogram and AP and CQ are perpendiculars from vertices A
and C on diagonal BD (see fig.). Show that:
(i) ΔAPB = ΔCQD
(ii) AP = CQ
5. The diagonals of a quadrilateral ABCD are perpendicular to each other.
Show that the quadrilateral formed by joining the mid-points of its sides is a
rectangle.

6. In the fig., D, E and F are, respectively the mid-points of sides BC, CA and AB
of an equilateral triangle ABC. Prove that DEF is also an equilateral triangle.

Long Questions:
1. In the figure, P, Q and R are the mid-points of the sides BC, AC and AB of
ΔABC. If BQ and PR intersect at X and CR and PQ intersect at Y, then show
1
that XY = BC
4

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2. In the given figure, AE = DE and BC || AD. Prove that the points A, B, C and
D are concyclic. Also, prove that the diagonals of the quadrilateral ABCD are
equal.

3. In ΔABC, AB = 8cm, BC = 9 cm and AC = 10cm. X, Y and Z are mid-points of

AO, BO and CO respectively as shown in the figure. Find the lengths of the
sides of ΔXYZ.

4. PQRS is a square and ∠ABC = 90° as shown in the figure. If AP = BQ = CR,

then prove that ∠BAC = 45°

5. ABCD is a parallelogram. If the bisectors DP and CP of angles D and C meet

at P on side AB, then show that P is the mid-point of side AB.

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Assertion and Reason Questions-

1. In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is
given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
Assertion: ABCD is a square. AC and BD intersect at O. The measure of +AOB = 90°.
Reason: Diagonals of a square bisect each other at right angles.
2. In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of
reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
Assertion: The consecutive sides of a quadrilateral have one common point.
Reason: The opposite sides of a quadrilateral have two common point.
Case Study Questions-
1. Read the Source/ Text given below and answer these questions:

Sohan wants to show gratitude towards his teacher by giving her a card made
by him. He has three pieces of trapezium pasted one above the other as shown
in fig. These pieces are arranged in a way that AB || HC || GD || FE. Also BC =

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CD = DE and AH = HG = GF = 6cm. He wants to decorate the card by putting up a
colored tape on the nonparallel sides of the trapezium.

i. Find the total length of colored tape required if DE = 4cm.

a. 20cm
b. 30cm
c. 40cm
d. 50cm
ii. ABHC is a trapezium in which AB || HC and ∠A=∠B=45∘. Find angles C
and H of the trapezium.
a. 135, 130
b. 130, 135
c. 135, 135
d. 130, 130
iii. What is the difference between trapezium and parallelogram?
a. Trapezium has 2 sides, and parallelogram has 4 sides.
b. Trapezium has 4 sides, and parallelogram has 2 sides.
c. Trapezium has 1 pair of parallel sides, and parallelogram has 2 pairs
of parallel sides.
d. Trapezium has 2 pairs of parallel sides, and parallelogram has 1 pair
of parallel sides.
iv. Diagonals in isosceles trapezoid are ________.
a. parallel.
b. opposite.
c. vertical.
d. equal.

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v. ABCD is a trapezium where AB || DC, BD is the diagonal and E is the
midpoint of AD. A line is drawn through E parallel to AB intersecting BC at
F. Which of these is true?

a. BF = FC
b. EA = FB
c. CF = DE
d. None of these
2. Read the Source/ Text given below and answer any four questions:

Chocolate is in the form of a quadrilateral with sides 6cm and 10cm, 5cm and
5cm(as shown in the figure) is cut into two parts on one of its diagonal by a
lady. Part-I is given to her maid and part II is equally divided among a driver and
gardener.

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i. Length of BD:
a. 9cm
b. 8cm
c. 7cm
d. 6cm
ii. Area of △ABC:
a. 24cm2
b. 12cm2
c. 42cm2
d. 21cm2
iii. The sum of all the angles of a quadrilateral is equal to:
a. 180°
b. 270°
c. 360°
d. 90°
iv. A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent:
a. Square.
b. Parallelogram.
c. Triangles.
d. Rectangle.
v. Each angle of the rectangle is:
a. More than 90°
b. Less than 90°
c. Equal to 90°

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d. Equal to 45°

Answer Key:
MCQ:
1. (b) 50°
2. (c) 68°
3. (c) Trapezium
4. (c) Rectangle
5. (b) Kite
6. (a) 115°, 79°, 118°, 48°
7. (d) 10cm
8. (a) 175°
9. (d) 38°
10.(a) ∠A = ∠B
Very Short Answer:
1. Let the two adjacent angles be x and 2x.
In a parallelogram, sum of the adjacent angles are 180°
∴ x + 2x = 180°
⇒ 3x = 180°
⇒ x = 60°
Thus, the two adjacent angles are 120° and 60°. Hence, the angles of the
parallelogram are 120°, 60°, 120° and 60°.
2. Rhombus.
3. Let each equal angle of given quadrilateral be x.
We know that sum of all interior angles of a quadrilateral is 360°
∴ x + x + x + 144° = 360°
3x = 360° – 144°
3x = 216°
x = 72°
Hence, each equal angle of the quadrilateral is of 72o measures.
4. ∠A – ∠C = 0° (opposite angles of parallelogram are equal]
5.

Here, PQ = SR = 12 cm
Let PS = x and PS = QR
∴ x + 12 + x + 12 = Perimeter

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2x + 24 = 40
2x = 16
x= 8
Hence, length of each side of the parallelogram is 12cm, 8 cm, 12cm and 8cm.
6. We know that consecutive interior angles of a parallelogram are
supplementary.
∴ (x + 60° + (2x + 30)° = 180°
⇒ 3x° + 90° = 180°
⇒ 3x° = 90°
⇒ x° = 30°
Thus, two consecutive angles are (30 + 60)°, 12 x 30 + 30)”. i.e., 90° and 90°.
Hence, the special name of the given parallelogram is rectangle.
7. Since ONKA is a square
∴ ∠AON = 90°
We know that diagonal of a square bisects its ∠s
⇒ ∠AOK = ∠KON = 45°
Hence, ∠KOA = 45°
Now, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
⇒ ∠A + 70° + 70° = 180°
[∵ ∠B = 70°]
⇒ ∠A = 180° – 70° – 70° = 40°
8. Let ∠Q = 2x, ∠R = 3x and ∠S = 7x
Now, ∠P + ∠Q + ∠R + ∠S = 360°
⇒ 60° + 2x + 3x + 7x = 360°
⇒ 12x = 300°
300°
X= = 25°
12
∠S = 7x = 7 x 25° = 175°
Short Answer:
Ans: 1.

Here, ∠C and ∠D are adjacent angles of the parallelogram.

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∴ ∠C + ∠D = 180°
⇒ x + 75° = 180°
⇒ x = 105°
Also, y = x = 105° [alt. int. angles]
Thus, x + y = 105° + 105° = 210°
Ans: 2.

Given: A parallelogram ABCD, in which AC = BD.

To Prove: ΔBCD is a rectangle.
Proof: In ΔABC and ΔBAD
AB = AB (common]
AC = BD (given]
BC = AD (opp. sides of a ||gm]
⇒ ΔABC ≅ ΔBAD
[by SSS congruence axiom]
⇒ ∠ABC = ∠BAD (c.p.c.t.)
Also, ∠ABC + ∠BAD = 180° (co-interior angles)
∠ABC + ∠ABC = 180° [ ∵ ∠ABC = ∠BAD]
2∠ABC = 180°
∠ABC = 1/2 x 180° = 90°
Hence, parallelogram ABCD is a rectangle.
Ans: 3. Since diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angle.
In ∴ ΔAOB, we have
∠OAB + ∠x + 90° = 180°
∠x = 180° – 90° – 35°
= 55°
Also,
∠DAO = ∠BAO = 35°
∠y + ∠DAO + ∠BAO + ∠x = 180°

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⇒ ∠y + 35° + 35° + 55° = 180°
⇒ ∠y = 180° – 125o = 55°
Hence, the values of x and y are x = 55°, y = 55
Ans: 4.

Given: In ||gm ABCD, AP and CQ are perpendiculars from the

vertices A and C on the diagonal BD.
To Prove: (i) ΔAPB ≅ ΔCQD
(ii) AP = CQ
Proof: (i) In ΔAPB and ΔCQD
AB = DC (opp. sides of a ||gm ABCD]
∠APB = ∠DQC (each = 90°)
∠ABP = ∠CDQ (alt. int. ∠s]
⇒ ΔAPB ≅ ΔCQD [by AAS congruence axiom]
(ii) ⇒ AP = CQ [c.p.c.t.]
Ans: 5. Given: A quadrilateral ABCD whose diagonals AC and BD are perpendicular to
each other at O. P, Q, R and S are mid-points of side AB, BC, CD and DA respectively
are joined are formed quadrilateral PQRS.
To Prove: PQRS is a rectangle.
Proof: In ∆ABC, P and Q are mid-points of AB and BC respectively.
1
∴ PQ || AC and PQ = AC … (i) (mid-point theorem]
2
Further, in SACD, R and S are mid-points of CD and DA respectively.
1
SR || AC and SR = AC … (ii) (mid-point theorem]
2
From (i) and (ii), we have PQ || SR and PQ = SR
Thus, one pair of opposite sides of quadrilateral PQRS are parallel and equal.
∴ PQRS is a parallelogram.
Since PQ|| AC PM || NO
In ∆ABD, P and S are mid-points of AB and AD respectively.
PS || BD (mid-point theorem]

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⇒ PN || MO
∴ Opposite sides of quadrilateral PMON are parallel.
∴ PMON is a parallelogram.
∠ MPN = ∠ MON (opposite angles of ||gm are equal]
But ∠MON = 90° [given]
∴ ∠MPN = 90° ⇒ ∠QPS = 90°
Thus, PQRS is a parallelogram whose one angle is 90°
∴ PQRS is a rectangle.
Ans: 6. Since line segment joining the mid-points of two sides of a triangle is half of
the third side.
Therefore, D and E are mid-points of BC and AC respectively.
1
⇒ DE = AB …(i)
2
E and F are the mid-points of AC and AB respectively.
1
∴ EF = BC … (ii)
2
F and D are the mid-points of AB and BC respectively.
1
∴ FD = AC … (iii)
2
Now, SABC is an equilateral triangle.
⇒ AB = BC = CA
1 1 1
⇒ AB = BC = CA
2 2 2
⇒ DE = EF = FD (using (i), (ii) and (iii)]
Hence, DEF is an equilateral triangle

Long Answer:
Ans: 1. Here, in ΔABC, R and Q are the mid-points of AB and AC respectively.
∴ By using mid-point theorem, we have
1
RQ || BC and RQ = BC
2
∴ RQ = BP = PC [∵ P is the mid-point of BC]
∴ RQ || BP and RQ || PC
In quadrilateral BPQR
RQ || BP, RQ = BP (proved above]
∴ BPQR is a parallelogram. [∵ one pair of opp. sides is parallel as well as equal]
∴ X is the mid-point of PR. [∵ diagonals of a ||gm bisect each other]

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QUADRILATERALS
Class 9th Mathematics
Now, in quadrilateral PCQR
RQ || PC and RQ = PC [proved above)
∴ PCQR is a parallelogram [∵ one pair of opp. sides is parallel as well as equal]
∴ Y is the mid-point of PQ [∵ diagonals of a ||gm bisect each other]
In ΔPQR
∴ X and Y are mid-points of PR and PQ respectively.

Ans: 2. Since AE = DE
∠D = ∠A …. (i) [∵ ∠s opp. to equal sides of a Δ]
Again, BC || AD
∠EBC = ∠A …. (ii) (corresponding ∠s]
From (i) and (ii), we have
∠D = ∠EBC …. (iii)
But ∠EBC + ∠ABC = 180° (a linear pair]
∠D + ∠ABC = 180° (using (iii)]
Now, a pair of opposite angles of quadrilateral ABCD is supplementary
Thus, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral i.e., A, B, C and D’are concyclic. In ΔABD and
ΔDCA
∠ABD = ∠ACD [∠s in the same segment for cyclic quad. ABCD]
∠BAD = ∠CDA [using (i)]
AD = AD (common]
So, by using AAS congruence axiom, we have
ΔABD ≅ ΔDCA
Hence, BD = CA [c.p.c.t.]
Ans: 3. Here, in ΔABC, AB = 8cm, BC = 9cm, AC = 10cm.
In ΔAOB, X and Y are the mid-points of AO and BO.
∴ By using mid-point theorem, we have
1 1
XY = AB = x 8cm = 4cm
2 2
Similarly, in Δ𝜏BOC, Y and Z are the mid-points of BO and CO.
∴ By using mid-point theorem, we have
1 1
YZ = BC = x 9cm = 4.5cm
2 2
And, in Δ𝜏COA, Z and X are the mid-points of CO and AO.

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QUADRILATERALS
Class 9th Mathematics
1 1
∴ ZX = AC = x 10cm = 5cm
2 2
Hence, the lengths of the sides of ΔXYZ are XY = 4cm, YZ = 4.5 cm and ZX = 5cm.
Ans: 4. Since PQRS is a square.
∴ PQ = QR … (I) [∵ sides of a square are equal]
Also, BQ = CR … (ii) [given]
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we obtain
PQ – BQ = QR – CR
⇒ PB = QC … (iii)
In Δ𝜏APB and Δ𝜏BQC
AP = BQ
[given ∠APB = ∠BQC = 90°](each angle of a square is 90°)
PB = QC (using (iii)]
So, by using SAS congruence axiom, we have
ΔAPB ≅ ΔBQC
∴ AB = BC [c.p.c.t.]
Now, in ΔABC
AB = BC [proved above]
∴ ∠ACB = ∠BAC = x° (say) [∠s opp. to equal sides]
Also, ∠B + ∠ACB + ∠BAC = 180°
⇒ 90° + x + x = 180°
⇒ 2x° = 90°
x° = 45°
Hence, ∠BAC = 45°
Ans: 5.

Since DP and CP are angle bisectors of ∠D and ∠C respectively.

: ∠1 = ∠2 and ∠3 = ∠4
Now, AB || DC and CP is a transversal
∴ ∠5 = ∠1 [alt. int. ∠s]
But ∠1 = ∠2 [given]
∴ ∠5 = ∠2
Now, in ABCP, ∠5 = ∠2
⇒ BC = BP … (I) [sides opp. to equal ∠s of a A]
Again, AB || DC and DP is a transversal.
∴ ∠6= ∠3 (alt. int. Δs]
But ∠4 = ∠3 [given]
∴ ∠6 = ∠4
Now, in ΔADP, ∠6 = ∠4

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QUADRILATERALS
Class 9th Mathematics
⇒ DA = AP …. (ii) (sides opp. to equal ∠s of a A]
Also, BC = DA… (iii) (opp. sides of parallelogram)
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we have
BP = AP
Hence, P is the mid-point of side AB.
Assertion and Reason Answers-
1. a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.
2. c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
Case Study Answers-
1.
(i) (b) 30cm
(ii) (c) 135, 135
Trapezium has 1 pair of parallel sides, and
(iii) (c)
parallelogram has 2 pairs of parallel sides.
(iv) (d) equal.
(v) (a) BF = FC

2.
(i) (b) 8cm
(ii) (a) 24cm2
(iii) (c) 360°
(iv) (c) Triangles.
(v) (c) Equal to 90°

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