Writing L1

Writing lecture 1
By Bekhruz
@Bekhruz_Bellingham
The Rules of IELTS Academic Writing
• Use correct spellings.
• Avoid contractions like we’re; use we are.
• Never use ‘slang’ words like ‘gonna’.
• Use formal English words, such as ‘discuss’ rather than ‘chat’.
• Use correct punctuation: avoid very long sentences.
• Write a mixture of short and longer (complex) sentences.
• Use your own words or give a clear reference to the source.
• Write so that the reader understands exactly what you mean.
• Connect your ideas clearly (e.g. Finally/In conclusion/However)
• Use correct grammar that makes your meaning clear.
• Do not write informally, in a very friendly way.
• Only give true data; do not invent or change it.
Evaluation
Task 1
Flow chart
Line graph/chart
Table
Pie chart
Bar graph
Map
Language of change
Take a look at the following graph and read
the paragraph which describes it.
To understand
• What is the figure?
• What happens or happened?
• What is being measured?
• The dates?
To begin, in 1991, the average number of kg of rice consumed per household
per year was 55, but over the next two years, there was a dramatic drop to 20
kg per year (per annum). The number then increased (grew, rose, climbed)
significantly between 1995 and 1996 to 50 kg per year (annually). 1996 to
1999 saw an erratic period (a fluctuation) in the amount of rice consumed,
which was followed by a sharp rise at the end of the period, with the figures
hitting a peak of 80 Kg in 2000. Next, the average consumption plummeted,
hitting a low of 15 Kg in 2001. It levelled off for the next year, but then slowly
increased to 20 kg, remaining steady at this rate for the rest of the period.
Exercise
There are four different parts: ‘bold’ , ‘CAPITALS’, ‘italics ’ and
‘underlined ’.
Each part has a specific function.
Tell what you think the purpose of each different part is:
3 structures used when describing changes
• There + be + adjective + noun + in + noun.
E.g.: There was a slow rise in the number of kg consumed.
• Noun + verb + adverb.
E.g.: Rice consumption rose steadily.
• Time + saw/experienced/witnessed + adjective + noun + in + noun.
E.g.: *1999 saw a gradual increase in rice consumption.

Additional notes
• Time phrases: From … to …. Between … and ….
Time x saw/experienced/witnessed etc.
• Connectors: First of all, To begin, Following this/that, Moving to a
more detailed analysis,…
Subsequently, … Afterwards, … After this/that, … Next,…
Then, … Finally, …
In contrast, …
However, …
Language of comparison and contrast
Language of comparison and contrast
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Vocabulary notes for lexical improvement
• Plummet & plunge do NOT take an adverb. Wrong: Plunged sharply
• Likewise, rocket do NOT take an adverb. Wrong: Rocketed significantly
• Gradually and steadily mean the same thing.
• Remain + Adj. e.g.: remained unchanged, stable, the same, constant etc.
• Start/end + AT
Main points weigh the most
E.g.: Overall, the number of visitors from all five countries increased,
meanwhile the US and the UK accounted for the most tourists
throughout the period.
How you understand the whole diagram and interpret it to the reader
determines whether higher score is granted.
Organization
Introduction + Overview (summary)
2 body paragraphs
*Information should be presented in

paragraphs logically
Examples of common expressions
Additional vocabulary: estimation
Improved language use
• Production of film => film production (noun to adjective)
• Coffee from Vietnam => Vietnamese coffee (noun to adjective)
• Fell gradually => a gradual fall (verb to noun)

• Sugar import => imported sugar (determiner to noun)
Paraphrase
Some other dont’s
Note
• Don’t everything. Pick the best, meaningful points to deliver to the
reader.
• Don’t write too long sentences. Keep it short and clear.
• Don’t randomly throw sentences. Use proper linking phrases.
Let’s see a sample
Structure
Introduction + Overview (summary)
The X chart provides detailed information

about Y between year 1 and year 2.
Overall, as can be clearly seen from the

graph, Subject 1 + Verb 2, while Subject 2 +
Verb 2. In addition, S+V
The line chart provides detailed information
about the annual wheat exports of Australia,
Canada and European Union between 1985 and
1990.
Overall, as can be clearly seen from the graph,

Canada exported the most substantial amount
of wheat, while Australian exports remained the
least. In addition, European Union took the lead
in the end of the period by exporting wheat
more than the two competing nations.
Table
Regardless of their age, interviewed
people reported that their most favorite
pastime activity included Watching TV
and Visiting relations.
In addition, the older people get, the less

time they spend listening to music.
Conversely, the opposite is true for
reading books.
Sources and references are available

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Writing lecture 1

Each part has a specific function.

E.g.: There was a slow rise in the number of kg consumed.

• Noun + verb + adverb.

E.g.: Rice consumption rose steadily.

• Time + saw/experienced/witnessed + adjective + noun + in + noun.

E.g.: *1999 saw a gradual increase in rice consumption.

Introduction + Overview (summary)

*Information should be presented in

• Fell gradually => a gradual fall (verb to noun)

The X chart provides detailed information

Overall, as can be clearly seen from the

Overall, as can be clearly seen from the graph,

In addition, the older people get, the less

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