KADUNA STATE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION
MASTERS IN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION

COURSE CODE: MDC 802

COURSE TITLE:
THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION

Question:
Do an assessment of how this course has shaped your views
about theory and development communication.

BY
S/No Names Matric No
1. Nathaniel Joseph KASU/MDCM/MCM/21/0001
2. Amidi Mariam Alli KASU/MDCM/MCM/21/0016
3. Hamdala Saad KASU/MDCM/MCM/21/0006
4. Bunmi O. R KASU/MDCM/MCM/21/0020
Abdulraheem
5 Taslima Abdullahi Dikko KASU/MDCM/MCM/21/0013
6. Safiyah Abdulkadir KASU/MDCM/MCM/21/0012

COURSE LECTURER:
PROF AYODELE BABATUNDE JOSEPH

JANUARY, 2024
In the course of studying theory and development communication, we have gained valuable

insights that have shaped my views on these subjects. This assessment will delve into the key

concepts and ideas covered in the course, highlighting their significance and relevance to

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understanding theory and development communication. The assessment will be structured

around the following key points:

1. The Nature of Theory: The course began by exploring various definitions of theory. It was

emphasized that theories are formulated to explain, predict, and provide an understanding of

complex situations. In essence, theories serve as frameworks for interpreting and making sense

of the world around us. Additionally, theories are meant to challenge and extend existing

knowledge, fostering intellectual growth. A key aspect of theory is that it is subject to research

and empirical validation, ensuring that it can be tested and refined.

2. The Importance of Theories: The course underscored the crucial role that theories play in

academic and practical contexts. The importance of theories lies in their ability to provide a

structured framework for understanding phenomena. They serve as the foundation for generating

hypotheses, guiding research inquiries, facilitating effective communication, predicting

outcomes, and explaining observed phenomena. Theoretical frameworks are invaluable tools for

scholars and practitioners in various fields, as they help structure and systematize knowledge.

3. Development Concepts and Theories: In the course, we explored the concept of

development and the various theories that have been proposed to explain and guide development

processes. Some of the prominent development theories discussed included Modernization

Theory, Diffusion of Innovation, Health Belief Model, Dependency Theory, Hegemony Theory,

and the Participatory Model. Each of these theories offers a unique perspective on how

development occurs and what factors influence it.

Development concepts often begin with the very definition of development itself. Sen (1999)

suggests that development encompasses more than just economic growth; it encompasses

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improvements in people's well-being, freedoms, and opportunities. Amartya Sen's capability

approach highlights the importance of expanding human capabilities and choices as central to

development.

One prominent theory of development is the Modernization Theory. This theory, initially

proposed by Rostow (1960), posits that societies progress through stages of development, with

economic growth and industrialization being key drivers. It suggests that as nations adopt

Western values and institutions, they undergo a transformation towards modernity. However,

critics argue that this theory oversimplifies development and neglects social and cultural aspects

(Escobar, 1995).

Dependency Theory, as proposed by Frank (1967), offers an alternative perspective. It asserts

that the global economic system perpetuates inequality and dependency between developed and

developing nations. According to this theory, underdeveloped countries are exploited by more

powerful nations, resulting in economic disparities and hampering their development.

Participatory development, as advocated by Chambers (1997), emphasizes the active

involvement of local communities in the development process. This approach acknowledges that

communities possess valuable knowledge and resources and should play a central role in

decision-making. Participatory development empowers communities to identify their own needs

and priorities, fostering ownership and sustainability of development initiatives.

The Human Development Index (HDI), introduced by the United Nations Development

Programme (UNDP), measures development by considering not only income but also factors

such as education and life expectancy (UNDP, 2021). This holistic approach provides a more

comprehensive view of development beyond economic indicators.

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The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2015, represent a

global framework for addressing a wide range of development challenges (United Nations,

2015). They encompass goals related to poverty reduction, education, health, gender equality,

environmental sustainability, and more. The SDGs reflect a contemporary understanding of

development that is interconnected and multifaceted.

4. Four Major Theories of Development: Among the development theories, four major ones

were emphasized: Modernization, Dependency, World System, and Globalization. These theories

provide differing viewpoints on the dynamics of development and the roles played by various

factors, such as economic, political, and cultural influences. Understanding these theories is

essential for comprehending the complexities of development issues in the contemporary world.

These theories offer valuable frameworks for understanding the complexities of development

issues.

Modernization theory posits that societies progress through a series of stages from traditional to

modern, characterized by economic growth, technological advancement, and cultural changes

(Rostow, 1960). This theory suggests that development occurs as societies embrace Western

values and institutions. Proponents argue that economic development leads to improved living

standards and social progress.

Dependency theory, on the other hand, challenges the assumptions of modernization theory. It

argues that the global economic system perpetuates inequality and dependency between

developed and developing nations (Frank, 1967). According to this theory, underdeveloped

countries are exploited by more powerful nations, resulting in economic disparities and hindering

their development.

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World system theory, developed by Immanuel Wallerstein (1974), takes a global perspective on

development. It categorizes countries into core, semi-peripheral, and peripheral positions within

the world economy. Core countries are economically dominant, while peripheral countries are

exploited for resources and labor. This theory highlights the role of global economic structures in

shaping development outcomes.

Globalization theory focuses on the increasing interconnectedness of societies due to global

flows of trade, information, and culture (Steger, 2009). It argues that globalization can both

facilitate and hinder development. While it can promote economic growth and access to global

markets, it can also lead to cultural homogenization and social inequalities.

Each of these four theories offers a unique lens through which to analyze development issues,

and their relevance may vary depending on the specific context and perspective taken (Escobar,

1995).

5. The Practical Application of Theories in Development:

This course has helped me see that theories are like tools for understanding and explaining

things. They're not just for academics; they're practical tools that can be used in real-life

situations. For example, think about how we use maps to navigate. Theories are like mental maps

that help us navigate complex topics, such as development issues. They provide a structured way

to make sense of the world around us.

We've learned that theories become more meaningful when we see how they work in real life.

For instance, consider the idea of "Development Communication Theory." It's like a guide that

helps us communicate better when we're trying to make a positive change in a community.

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Instead of just telling people what to do, we involve them in the process, making them part of the

solution. This theory helps us understand why this approach works and how to use it effectively.

One important lesson from this course is that theories come from different angles. They're like

different pairs of glasses that help us see things in unique ways. Take "Participatory

Development" as an example. It's about involving local communities in decision-making. This

theory combines ideas from different fields, like sociology and communication, to make

development more successful. It's like teamwork, where each player brings their strengths to the

game.

The course has taught me that communication is a superpower in development. Think about how

information can change lives. Let's say we want to help women in Nigeria have equal

opportunities. Using the Gender and Development Communication Theory, we can use

communication to challenge unfair beliefs and give women a voice. This theory shows us how

communication can be a force for positive change.

We've realized that to make a difference, we need to know the place and people well. "Diffusion

of Innovation Theory" is like understanding the local 'rules' before introducing something new.

In Nigeria, if we want farmers to use better farming methods, we must understand their

traditions, beliefs, and what might stop them. This theory helps us adapt our ideas to fit the local

situation, making success more likely.

Lastly, the course has opened my eyes to the world's bigger picture. Hegemony Theory helps us

see how powerful countries and organizations can shape how things happen globally. For

instance, when international aid comes to Nigeria, it's not just about helping. Hegemony Theory

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makes us question who decides what's important and why. It's about understanding global

politics and how it affects development efforts.

.6. Application to Nigeria: The course also encouraged us to apply the theories we learned to

specific contexts. In the case of Nigeria, one interesting exercise was to situate the country

within the five stages of modernization proposed by Professor Rostow. This exercise helped us

assess Nigeria's development trajectory and identify areas for improvement.

7. Hegemony Theory: Lastly, our group delved into Hegemony Theory, which explores the

dominance of certain ideologies and power structures in shaping international relations and

development outcomes. This theory provided valuable insights into the role of dominant nations

and institutions in influencing global development.

How The Course shaped Our Views about Theory and Development Communication

The course has been instrumental in clarifying the central role of theory in our work as

researchers and practitioners in the field of development communication. Rather than perceiving

theories as abstract constructs with limited practical value, we now understand them as

indispensable tools for navigating the complex landscape of development. These theories serve

as guiding lights, helping us comprehend intricate issues, predict outcomes, and craft effective

communication strategies.

One of the transformative aspects of this course is its emphasis on practical application. We no

longer approach theories as mere academic exercises but as actionable frameworks that can bring

about tangible changes. Take, for instance, the "Health Belief Model." Our study of this theory

extends beyond mere comprehension; it is about harnessing its principles to design health

campaigns that genuinely influence people's behaviours, thus leading to improved public health

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outcomes. This shift in perspective has made us more results-oriented and has imbued our work

with a sense of purpose.

A notable shift in our mindset is towards interdisciplinary thinking. The course has adeptly

conveyed that development challenges are rarely one-dimensional; they encompass economic,

social, cultural, and environmental dimensions. To tackle these multifaceted issues effectively,

we've come to appreciate the value of insights from various disciplines. This interdisciplinary

approach expands our horizons, enabling us to consider diverse viewpoints and craft innovative

solutions that draw from a broader knowledge base.

Our understanding of communication has undergone a profound transformation. It is no longer

seen as a mere means of transmitting information but as a powerful catalyst for driving positive

change. The "Gender and Development Communication Theory" serves as a poignant example,

illustrating how communication can challenge societal norms and empower marginalized groups,

particularly women. This new perspective instils in us a heightened awareness of our roles as

facilitators of change through effective communication strategies, especially in addressing issues

like gender inequality.

The course has instilled in us a deep appreciation for the importance of context in development

communication. We have come to recognise that what succeeds in one location may not be

applicable elsewhere due to varying cultural, social, and economic factors. This heightened

awareness of context has made us more adaptable and culturally sensitive in our approaches. We

now approach each development scenario with a nuanced understanding of its unique context,

ensuring that our strategies resonate with the local populace and are more likely to yield positive

results.

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Our exploration of Hegemony Theory has broadened our global awareness. We now comprehend

the considerable influence wielded by powerful nations and institutions in shaping global

development agendas. This newfound perspective encourages us to critically assess global power

dynamics and advocate for more equitable development practices. We are cognizant of the fact

that the world is interconnected, and our actions as development communicators can have far-

reaching consequences, underscoring the need for responsible and ethical practices on a global

scale.

The course has not only deepened our understanding of theory and development communication

but has also reshaped our approach and perspective. We now view theories as practical and

indispensable tools, emphasise the practical application of our knowledge, embrace

interdisciplinary insights, see communication as a potent instrument for change, appreciate the

significance of contextual sensitivity, and possess a more global outlook that prompts us to

advocate for equitable development practices.

Conclusion

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This course has been instrumental in shaping my understanding of theory and development

communication. It has equipped me with the knowledge and tools necessary to analyse and

address development challenges effectively. The study of various development theories has

broadened my perspective, enabling me to appreciate the complexity of development processes

and the diverse factors that influence them. Moreover, the practical application of theories to

real-world issues, such as those faced by Nigeria, has strengthened my ability to engage in

informed and evidence-based research and policymaking. Overall, this course has been a

valuable journey of intellectual growth and has enriched my capabilities as a researcher in the

field of development communication.

References

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Chambers, R. (1997). Whose Reality Counts? Putting the First Last. Intermediate Technology
Publications.
Escobar, A. (1995). Encountering development: The making and unmaking of the third world.
Princeton University Press.
Frank, A. G. (1967). Capitalism and underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical studies of
Chile and Brazil. Monthly Review Press.
Rostow, W. W. (1960). The stages of economic growth: A non-communist manifesto. Cambridge
University Press.
Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Oxford University Press.
Steger, M. B. (2009). Globalization: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2021). Human Development Indices and
Indicators: 2020 Statistical Update. http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506
United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development. https://sdgs.un.org/publications/transforming-our-world-2030-agenda-
sustainable-development-17956
Wallerstein, I. (1974). The modern world-system: Capitalist agriculture and the origins of the
European world-economy in the sixteenth century. Academic Press.

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