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CII1J3 – DATABASE MODELING

PROCESSING
SINGLE TABLE
Part 2
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Learning Outcomes
Program Learning Outcomes (PLO)
PLO-9 Students are able to make decisions appropriately in the context of problem
solving, based on the results of the analysis of information / data and the
implications of decisions.

Course Learning Outcomes (CLO)

CLO 1 Students are able to explain basic database concepts correctly
CLO 2 Students are able to make database modeling using the E-R model, relational
model and normalization correctly
CLO 3 Students are able to implement database modeling using SQL statements
correctly according to organizational needs
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Using Range for Qualification

Using distinct values

Using IN and NOT IN in lists

ORDER BY Clauses

GROUP BY Clauses

HAVING clause

Example of Basic Queries

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CII1J3 – DATABASE MODELING

PROCESSING
SINGLE TABLE
Part 2.1 Using Range for Qualification
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Using Range for Qualification

• The comparison operators < and > are used to establish a
range of values.
• The keywords BETWEEN and NOT BETWEEN can also be
used.
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Using Range for Qualification

• Which products in the Product table have a standard price
between $200 and $300?
SELECT ProductDescription, ProductStandardPrice
FROM Product_T
WHERE ProductStandardPrice > = 200 AND ProductStandardPrice < = 300;

SELECT ProductDescription, ProductStandardPrice

FROM Product_T
WHERE ProductStandardPrice BETWEEN 200 AND 300;
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Using Range for Qualification

SELECT ProductDescription, ProductStandardPrice
FROM Product_T
WHERE ProductStandardPrice NOT BETWEEN 200 AND 300;

• Returns products in the Product table have a standard price

less than $200 or greater than $300
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CII1J3 – DATABASE MODELING

PROCESSING
SINGLE TABLE
Part 2.2 Using Distinct Values
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Using DISTINCT Values

• Sometimes when returning rows that don’t include the
primary key, duplicate rows will be returned.
• If we add the DISTINCT keyword, only 1 occurrence of the
same row will be returned
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Using DISTINCT Values

• What order numbers are included in
the OrderLine table?

SELECT OrderID
FROM OrderLine_T;
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Using DISTINCT Values

• What order numbers are included in
the OrderLine table?

SELECT DISTINCT OrderID

FROM OrderLine_T;
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CII1J3 – DATABASE MODELING

PROCESSING
SINGLE TABLE
Part 2.3 Using IN and NOT IN in lists
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Using IN and NOT IN in Lists

• To match a list of values, consider using IN.
• In contrast, using NOT IN searches for data that is not
included in the list
• Future explanation in the next chapter (Subqueries)
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Using IN and NOT IN in Lists

• List all customers who live in warmer
states.

SELECT CustomerName, CustomerCity, CustomerState

FROM Customer_T
WHERE CustomerState IN (‘FL’, ‘TX’, ‘CA’, ‘HI’);
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CII1J3 – DATABASE MODELING

PROCESSING
SINGLE TABLE
Part 2.4 ORDER BY Clauses
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ORDER BY Clauses
• ‘ORDER BY’ Sorts the final results rows
SELECT ...
in ascending or descending order. FROM ...
• The default is ascending WHERE ...
ORDER BY A1 [ASC/DESC]
• If sorting from high to low, use DESC as
a keyword
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ORDER BY Clauses
SELECT CustomerName, CustomerCity, CustomerState
FROM Customer_T
WHERE CustomerState IN (‘FL’, ‘TX’, ‘CA’, ‘HI’)
ORDER BY CustomerState, CustomerName;
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ORDER BY Clauses
SELECT CustomerName, CustomerCity, CustomerState
FROM Customer_T
WHERE CustomerState IN (‘FL’, ‘TX’, ‘CA’, ‘HI’)
ORDER BY CustomerState, CustomerName;
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ORDER BY Clauses
SELECT CustomerName, CustomerCity, CustomerState
FROM Customer_T
WHERE CustomerState IN (‘FL’, ‘TX’, ‘CA’, ‘HI’)
ORDER BY CustomerState, CustomerName;

? →
→
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CII1J3 – DATABASE MODELING

PROCESSING
SINGLE TABLE
Part 2.5 GROUP BY Clauses
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GROUP BY Clauses
• GROUP BY is particularly useful when paired with aggregate
functions
• GROUP BY divides a table into subsets (by groups)
• An aggregate function can be used to provide summary information for that group.
• Scalar Aggregate
• A single value returned from an SQL query that includes an aggregate function.

• Vector Aggregate
• Multiple values returned from an SQL query that includes an aggregate function.
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GROUP BY Clauses
• Count the number of customers with
addresses in each state to which we
ship.

SELECT CustomerState, COUNT (CustomerState)

FROM Customer_T
GROUP BY CustomerState;
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CII1J3 – DATABASE MODELING

PROCESSING
SINGLE TABLE
Part 2.6 HAVING clause
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HAVING clause
• The HAVING clause acts like a WHERE clause, but it identifies
groups, rather than rows, that meet a criterion.
• Therefore, you will usually see a HAVING clause following a
GROUP BY clause.
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HAVING Clauses
• Find only states with more than one
customer.

SELECT CustomerState, COUNT (CustomerState)

FROM Customer_T
GROUP BY CustomerState
HAVING COUNT (CustomerState) > 1;
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CII1J3 – DATABASE MODELING

PROCESSING
SINGLE TABLE
Part 2.7 Example of Basic Queries
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Example of Basic Queries-1

• List the unit price, product name, and product ID for all
products in the Product table. Product_T
ProductID
ProductDescription
ProductFinish
ProductStandardPrice
ProductCost
ProductPriorYearGoal
ProductCurrentYearGoal
ProductLineID
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Example of Basic Queries-1

• List the unit price, product name, and product Product_T

ID for all products in the Product table. ProductID

ProductDescription
ProductFinish
ProductStandardPrice
ProductCost
SELECT ProductStandardPrice, ProductDescription, ProductPriorYearGoal
ProductID ProductCurrentYearGoal
ProductLineID
FROM Product_T;
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Example of Basic Queries-2

• What is the address of the customer Customer_T
named Home Furnishings? CustomerID
CustomerName
CustomerAddress
CustomerCity
CustomerState
CustomerPostalCode
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Example of Basic Queries-2

• What is the address of the customer Customer_T
named Home Furnishings? CustomerID
CustomerName
CustomerAddress
CustomerCity
CustomerState
SELECT CustomerName, CustomerAddress
CustomerPostalCode
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Example of Basic Queries-2

• What is the address of the customer Customer_T
named Home Furnishings? CustomerID
CustomerName
CustomerAddress
CustomerCity
CustomerState
SELECT CustomerName, CustomerAddress
CustomerPostalCode
FROM Customer_T
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Example of Basic Queries-2

• What is the address of the customer Customer_T
named Home Furnishings? CustomerID
CustomerName
CustomerAddress
CustomerCity
CustomerState
SELECT CustomerName, CustomerAddress
CustomerPostalCode
FROM Customer_T
WHERE CustomerName = ‘Home Furnishings’;
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Example of Basic Queries-2

• Using alias
SELECT CustomerName, CustomerAddress
FROM Customer_T
WHERE CustomerName = ‘Home Furnishings’;

SELECT CUST.CustomerName AS Name, CUST.CustomerAddress

FROM Customer_T AS Cust
WHERE Name = ‘Home Furnishings’;
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Example of Basic Queries-3

• Which orders have been placed since Order_T

10/24/2015 OrderID
OrderDate
CustomerID
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Example of Basic Queries-3

• Which orders have been placed since Order_T

10/24/2015 OrderID
OrderDate
CustomerID

SELECT OrderID, OrderDate

FROM Order_T
WHERE OrderDate > ‘24-OCT-2015’;
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Example of Basic Queries-4

• What are the unique combinations of order Orderline_T

number and order quantity included in the OrderID

OrderLine table? ProductID

OrderedQuantity
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Example of Basic Queries-4

• What are the unique combinations of order Orderline_T

number and order quantity included in the OrderID

OrderLine table? ProductID

OrderedQuantity

SELECT DISTINCT OrderID, OrderedQuantity

FROM OrderLine_T;
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Example of Basic Queries-5

• List, in alphabetical order, the product finish and the Product_T
average standard price for each finish having an ProductID
average standard price less than $750. ProductDescription
ProductFinish
ProductStandardPrice
ProductCost
ProductPriorYearGoal
ProductCurrentYearGoal
ProductLineID
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Example of Basic Queries-5

• List, in alphabetical order, the product finish and the Product_T
average standard price for each finish having an ProductID
average standard price less than $750. ProductDescription
ProductFinish
• order by ProductFinish
ProductStandardPrice
• group by ProductFinish → avg (ProductStandardPrice) ProductCost
• having avg (ProductStandardPrice) < 750 ProductPriorYearGoal
ProductCurrentYearGoal
ProductLineID
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Example of Basic Queries-5

• List, in alphabetical order, the product finish and the Product_T
average standard price for each finish having an ProductID
average standard price less than 750. ProductDescription
ProductFinish
ProductStandardPrice
SELECT ProductFinish, AVG (ProductStandardPrice) ProductCost
FROM Product_T ProductPriorYearGoal
GROUP BY ProductFinish ProductCurrentYearGoal
HAVING AVG (ProductStandardPrice) < 750 ProductLineID
ORDER BY ProductFinish;
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References
Hoffer, Jeffrey A., et.al., "Modern Database Management", Twelfth
Edition, Pearson, 2016. Chapter 6.

Recommended Link:
https://www.sqltutorial.org/
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THANK
YOU