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procedure for practical lab exam

CHM1311

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eirwenren13
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17 views

procedure for practical lab exam

CHM1311

Uploaded by

eirwenren13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Part 1: Determination of the Density of a Solid

Objective:​
To determine the density of an unknown solid by using the appropriate method and
equipment.

Materials Needed:

●​ Unknown solid (note the color code for identification)


●​ Balance (for measuring mass)
●​ Graduated cylinder or displacement vessel (for measuring volume)
●​ Water (for displacement method)
●​ Thermometer (optional, for temperature control)
●​ Tongs (if solid is too hot or sharp)

Procedure:

1.​ Identification:​
Note the color code of the unknown solid for identification purposes, as it will be
required for your grade.
2.​ Mass Measurement:
○​ Use the balance to measure the mass of the unknown solid. Record the mass
(in grams) to the nearest 0.01 g.
3.​ Volume Measurement:
○​ Method 1: Displacement Method (for irregular solids)​
a. Fill a graduated cylinder with a known volume of water, recording the initial
volume (V₁).​
b. Carefully drop the unknown solid into the water. Ensure that the solid is
fully submerged.​
c. Record the new water level (V₂) after the solid has been added.​
d. The volume of the solid is determined by the difference in the water
levels:Volume of solid=V2−V1​
4.​ Density Calculation:
○​ Calculate the density of the unknown solid using the
formula:Density=Mass/Volume​
■​ Report the density in units of grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³).
5.​ Clean-Up:
○​ Clean all glassware and equipment used in the experiment. Dispose of any
waste materials appropriately.

Part 2: Determination of the Density of a Liquid

Objective:​
To determine the density of an unknown liquid solution.

Materials Needed:
●​ Unknown liquid solution (note its unknown number)
●​ Balance (for measuring mass)
●​ Graduated cylinder or volumetric flask (for measuring volume)
●​ Thermometer (optional, for temperature control)

Procedure:

1.​ Identification:​
Note the unknown number of the liquid solution for identification purposes, as it will
be required for your grade.
2.​ Mass Measurement:
○​ Use a balance to measure the mass of the empty graduated cylinder or
volumetric flask. Record the mass (M₁).
○​ Carefully pour a fixed volume of the unknown liquid solution into the
graduated cylinder or volumetric flask. Record the volume (V) of the liquid.
○​ Weigh the cylinder with the liquid. Record the mass (M₂) of the liquid and the
container together.
3.​ Mass of Liquid:​
Calculate the mass of the liquid by subtracting the mass of the empty container from
the total mass of the container with the liquid:​
Mass of liquid=M2−M1
4.​ Density Calculation:​
Calculate the density of the liquid using the formula:​
Density=Volume of liquid/Mass of liquid​
○​ Report the density in units of grams per milliliter (g/mL).
5.​ Clean-Up:
○​ Clean all glassware and equipment used in the experiment. Dispose of any
waste liquids appropriately.

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