text="Hello World World"

Words=("Hello","World")

print("1.len():",len(text))

print("2.strip():",text.strip())

print("3.rstrip():",text.rstrip())

print("4.lstrip():",text.lstrip())

print("5.find('World'):",text.find("World"))

print("6.rfind('World'):",text.rfind("World"))

try:

print("7.index('World'):",text.index("World"))

except valueError as e:

print("7.index('World'):Error",e)

try:

print("8.rindex('World'):",text.rindex("World"))

except valueError as e:

print("8.rindex('World'):Error",e)

print("9.count('World'):",text.count("World"))

print("10.replace('World','Python'):",text.replace("World","Python"))

print("11.split():",text.split())

print("13.upper():",text.upper())

print("14.lower():",text.lower())

print("15.swapcase():",text.swapcase())

print("16.title():",text.title())

print("17.capitalize():",text.capitalize())

print("18.startswith('Hello'):",text.startswith("Hello"))

print("19.endswith('World'):",text.endswith("World"))

print("12.join():","".join(Words))

1.len(): 17
2.strip(): Hello World World
3.rstrip(): Hello World World
4.lstrip(): Hello World World
5.find('World'): 6
6.rfind('World'): 12
7.index('World'): 6
8.rindex('World'): 12
9.count('World'): 2
10.replace('World','Python'): Hello Python Python
11.split(): ['Hello', 'World', 'World']
13.upper(): HELLO WORLD WORLD
14.lower(): hello world world
15.swapcase(): hELLO wORLD wORLD
16.title(): Hello World World
17.capitalize(): Hello world world
18.startswith('Hello'): True
19.endswith('World'): True
12.join(): HelloWorld

2 a)

def factorial(x):

if x == 1 or x == 0:

return 1

else:

return (x * factorial(x-1))

num = 7

result = factorial(num)

print("The factorial of", num, "is", result)

The factorial of 7 is 5040

=================================================================================

2 b)

def Nmaxelements(list1, N):

final_list = []
 for i in range(0, N):

max1 = 0

for j in range(len(list1)):

if list1[j] > max1:

max1 = list1[j]

list1.remove(max1)

final_list.append(max1)

print(final_list)

list1 = [2, 6, 41, 85, 0, 3, 7, 6, 10]

N=2

Nmaxelements(list1, N)

[85, 41]

2 c)

def calculate_area(name):

# converting all characters

# into lower cases

name = name.lower()

# check for the conditions

if name == "rectangle":
 l = int(input("Enter rectangle's length: "))

b = int(input("Enter rectangle's breadth: "))

# calculate area of rectangle

rect_area = l * b

print(f"The area of rectangle is {rect_area}.")

elif name == "square":

s = int(input("Enter square's side length: "))

# calculate area of square

sqt_area = s * s

print(f"The area of square is {sqt_area}.")

elif name == "triangle":

h = int(input("Enter triangle's height length: "))

b = int(input("Enter triangle's breadth length: "))

# calculate area of triangle

tri_area = 0.5 * b * h

print(f"The area of triangle is {tri_area}.")

elif name == "circle":

r = int(input("Enter circle's radius length: "))

pi = 3.14

# calculate area of circle

circ_area = pi * r * r

print(f"The area of circle is {circ_area}.")

 elif name == 'parallelogram':

b = int(input("Enter parallelogram's base length: "))

h = int(input("Enter parallelogram's height length: "))

# calculate area of parallelogram

para_area = b * h

print(f"The area of parallelogram is {para_area}.")

else:

print("Sorry! This shape is not available")

# driver cod

if __name__ == "__main__" :

print("Calculate Shape Area")

shape_name = input("Enter the name of shape whose area you want to find: ")

# function calling

calculate_area(shape_name)

Calculate Shape Area

Enter the name of shape whose area you want to find: circle
Enter circle's radius length: 59
The area of circle is 10930.340000000002.

def input_matrix():
matrix = []
print("Enter the elements of 3x3 matrix row by row:")
for i in range(3):
row = list(map(int, input(f"Enter row {i+1}: ").split()))
matrix.append(row)
return matrix
def print_matrix(matrix):
for row in matrix:
print(row)

def transpose(matrix):
return [[matrix[j][i] for j in range(3)] for i in range(3)]

def matrix_addition(matrix1, matrix2):

return [[matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j] for j in range(3)] for i in range(3)]

def matrix_subtraction(matrix1, matrix2):

return [[matrix1[i][j] - matrix2[i][j] for j in range(3)] for i in range(3)]

def matrix_multiplication(matrix1, matrix2):

result = [[0] * 3 for _ in range(3)]
for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
result[i][j] = sum(matrix1[i][k] * matrix2[k][j] for k in range(3))
return result

def are_identical(matrix1, matrix2):

return matrix1 == matrix2

# Main program
print("Matrix 1:")
matrix1 = input_matrix()

print("\n Matrix 2:")

matrix2 = input_matrix()

# Display the matrices

print("\nMatrix 1:")
print_matrix(matrix1)

print("\n\Matrix 2:")
print_matrix(matrix2)

# Find Transpose of both matrices

print("\nTranspose of Matrix 1:")
print_matrix(transpose(matrix1))

print("\nTranspose of Matrix 2:")

print_matrix(transpose(matrix2))

# Matrix Addition
print("\nMatrix 1 + Matrix 2:")
print_matrix(matrix_addition(matrix1, matrix2))

# Matrix Subtraction
print("\nMatrix 1 - Matrix 2:")
print_matrix(matrix_subtraction(matrix1, matrix2))

# Matrix Multiplication
print("\nMatrix 1 * Matrix 2:")
print_matrix(matrix_multiplication(matrix1, matrix2))

# Check if matrices are identical

if are_identical(matrix1, matrix2):
print("\nMatrix 1 and Matrix 2 are identical.")
else:
print("\nMatrix 1 and Matrix 2 are not identical.")
Matrix 1:
Enter the elements of 3x3 matrix row by row:
Enter row 1: 1 2 3
Enter row 2: 4 5 6
Enter row 3: 7 8 9

Matrix 2:
Enter the elements of 3x3 matrix row by row:
Enter row 1: 1 2 3
Enter row 2: 4 5 6
Enter row 3: 7 8 9

Matrix 1:
[1, 2, 3]
[4, 5, 6]
[7, 8, 9]

\Matrix 2:
[1, 2, 3]
[4, 5, 6]
[7, 8, 9]

Transpose of Matrix 1:
[1, 4, 7]
[2, 5, 8]
[3, 6, 9]

Transpose of Matrix 2:
[1, 4, 7]
[2, 5, 8]
[3, 6, 9]

Matrix 1 + Matrix 2:
[2, 4, 6]
[8, 10, 12]
[14, 16, 18]

Matrix 1 - Matrix 2:
[0, 0, 0]
[0, 0, 0]
[0, 0, 0]

Matrix 1 * Matrix 2:
[30, 36, 42]
[66, 81, 96]
[102, 126, 150]

Matrix 1 and Matrix 2 are identical.

PROGRAM 4

Implemening programs using Strings(reverse, palindrome,character count and replacing characters)

def reverse_string(s):

return s[::-1]

def replace_characters(s,old_string,new_string):

return s.replace(old_string,new_string)

def isPalindrome(s):

return s==s[::-1]

input_string=input("Enter the string: ")

reverse_str=reverse_string(input_string)

print("reversed string: ",reverse_str)

old_string=input("enter characters to replace: ")

new_string=input("enter new character: ")

replaced_string=replace_characters(input_string,old_string,new_string)

print("string after replacement: ", replaced_string)

s="malayalam"

ans=isPalindrome(s)

if ans:

print(s,"its a palindrome:")

else:

print(s,"its not a palindrome:")

print("input string:",input_string)

character_count=len(input_string)

print("number of characters: ",character_count)

-------------------output-----------------------------------

Enter the string: meghana

reversed string: anahgem

enter characters to replace: n

enter new character: m

string after replacement: meghama

malayalam its a palindrome:

input string: meghana

number of characters: 7

PROGRAM 5

Implementing programms using conditionals and iterative loops

a) Number series

def printAP(a,d,n):

curr_term=a

for i in range(1,n+1):

print(curr_term,end=' ')

curr_term=curr_term+d

a=2

d=3

n=10

printAP(a,d,n)

print()

def printGP(a,r,n):

for i in range(0,n):

curr_term=a*pow(r,i)

print(curr_term,end=" ")

a=2

r=3

n=5

printGP(a,r,n)

nterms=int(input("how many terms?"))

n1,n2=0,1

count=0

if nterms<=0:

print("please enter a positive integer")

elif nterms==1:

print("Fibbonacci sequence upto ",nterms,":")

 print(n1)

else:

print("Fibbonacci sequence: ")

while count<nterms:

print(n1)

nth=n1+n2

n1=n2

n2=nth

count+=1

---------------------output----------------------------------------

2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29

2 6 18 54 162

how many terms?10

Fibbonacci sequence:

13

21

34

b) different patterns
rows=10

for i in range(rows):

for j in range(i):

print(i,end='')

print('')

n=10

for i in range(n,0,-1):

for j in range(1,i+1):

print('*', end='')

print()

n=5

for i in range(1,n+1):

print(''*(n-i)+'*'*(2*i-1))

n=5

for i in range(1,n+1):

print(''*(n-i)+''.join(chr(64+i)for _ in range(i)))

-----------------output-----------------------

22

333

4444

55555
666666

7777777

88888888

999999999

**********

*********

********

*******

******

*****

****

***

**

***

*****

*******

*********

BB

CCC

DDDD

EEEEE

PROGRAM 6

Numpy library:linear algebra

a) find rank, determinant and trace of an matrix

import numpy as np

n_array=np.array([[50,29],[30,44]])

print("Numpy matrix is:")

print(n_array)

det=np.linalg.det(n_array)

print("\n Determinant of given 2*2 matrix:")

print(int(det))

-------output-----------

Numpy matrix is:

[[50 29]

[30 44]]

Determinat of given 2*2 matrix:

1330

b)find eigen values of matrices

import numpy as np

from numpy.linalg import eig

a=np.array([[0,2],

[2,3]])

w,v=eig(a)
print('E-value:',w)

print('E-vector',v)

------output-----------

E-value: [-1. 4.]

E-vector [[-0.89442719 -0.4472136 ]

[ 0.4472136 -0.89442719]]

c) to solve a linear matrix equaion,or system of linear scalar equations

import numpy as np

arr1=np.array([[1,2],[3,5]])

arr2=np.array([1,2])

print("Array1...\n",arr1)

print("\n Array2...\n",arr2)

print("\n Deminesions of Array1...\n",arr1.ndim)

print("\n Deminesions of Array2...\n",arr2.ndim)

print("\n Shape of Array1...\n",arr1.shape)

print("\n Shape of Array2...\n",arr2.shape)

print("\n Result...\n",np.linalg.solve(arr1,arr2))

-----------output---------------
Array1...

[[1 2]

[3 5]]

Array2...

[1 2]

Deminesions of Array1...

Deminesions of Array2...

Shape of Array1...

(2, 2)

Shape of Array2...

(2,)

Result...

[-1. 1.]

PG7

Graphics

1)Consider the turtle object.Write functions to draw traingle,rectangle.polygon,circle,square and shpere,

use onject oriented approach

import turtle

class ShapeDrawer:
 def __init__(self):

self.t=turtle.Turtle()

def draw_circle(self,radius):

self.t.penup()

self.t.goto(0,-radius)

self.t.pendown()

self.t.circle(radius)

def draw_triangle(self,side_length):

for _ in range(3):

self.t.forward(side_length)

self.t.left(120)

def draw_rectangle(self,width,height):

for _ in range(2):

self.t.forward(width)

self.t.left(90)

self.t.forward(height)

self.t.left(90)

def draw_square(self,side_length):

self.draw_rectangle(side_length,side_length)

def draw_polygon(self,side_length,num_sides):

for _ in range(num_sides):

self.t.forward(side_length)

self.t.left(360/num_sides)

def reset(self):

self.t.penup()

self.t.goto(0,0)

self.t.pendown()

self.t.clear()

if __name__=="__main__":
 screen=turtle.Screen()

screen.bgcolor("white")

drawer=ShapeDrawer()

drawer.draw_circle(100)

drawer.draw_rectangle(60,40)

drawer.draw_triangle(80)

drawer.draw_square(90)

drawer.draw_polygon(30,5)

turtle.done()

turtle.done()

Output

pg8

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

height=10

width=50

image=np.zeros((height,width,3),dtype=np.uint8)

image[30:70,30:70,0]=255

image[30:70,30:70,1]=0

image[30:70,30:70,2]=0

image[:,:,0]=0

image[:,:,1]=0

image[:,:,2]=255
plt.imshow(image)

plt.axis('off')

plt.show()

PG 9

Python program to implement Pandas series wih lables

import pandas as pd

data=[10,20,30,40,50]

labels=['A','B','C','D','E']

series = pd.Series(data,index=labels)

print("Pandas Series with Labels:")

print(series)

print("\n Accessing value by label 'C':")

print(series['C'])

print("\n Accessing value by position 2:")

print(series.iloc[2])

print("\n Adding 10 to each elements:")

print(series+10)

print("\n Multiplying eah element by 2:")

print(series*2)

series['B']=25

print("\n Modified series(after changing 'B' to 25):")

print(series)

series['F']=60

print("\n Series after adding new element(F:60):")

print(series)

del series['D']

print("\n Series after deleting 'D':")

print(series)
output

Pandas Series with Labels:

A 10

B 20

C 30

D 40

E 50

dtype: int64

Accessing value by label 'C':

30

Accessing value by position 2:

30

Adding 10 to each elements:

A 20

B 30

C 40

D 50

E 60

dtype: int64

Multiplying eah element by 2:

A 20

B 40

C 60
D 80

E 100

dtype: int64

Modified series(after changing 'B' to 25):

A 10

B 25

C 30

D 40

E 50

dtype: int64

Series after adding new element(F:60):

A 10

B 25

C 30

D 40

E 50

F 60

dtype: int64

Series after deleting 'D':

A 10

B 25

C 30

E 50

F 60

dtype: int64
PG10

def devide_numbers():

try:

numerator=float(input("enter numerator: "))

denominator=float(input("enter denominator: "))

result=numerator/denominator

except ZeroDivisionError:

print("Error: Invalid input. Please enter numeric values.")

else:

print(f"Result:{result}")

def check_voter_age():

try:

age=int(input("Enter your age: "))

if age<18:

raise ValueError("you mustbe at least 18 year old to vote.")

else:

print("you are eligble to vote.")

except ValueError as e:

print(f"Error:{e}")

except Exception as e:

print(f"an unexpected erro occured:{e}")

def validate_student_marks():

try:

marks=float(input("Enter the students marks(0 to 100):"))

if marks<0 or marks>100:

raise ValueError("Marks mus be between 1 and 100.")

else:
 print("Valid marks entered:{marks}")

except ValueError as e:

print(f"error:{e}")

except Exception as e:

print(f"An unexpected error occured:{e}")

def main():

print("real-time application with exception handling ")

print("\n 1.Divide numbers:")

devide_numbers()

print("\n 2.Voters age validity:")

check_voter_age()

print("\n 3.students marks range vakidation:")

validate_student_marks()

if __name__=="__main__":

main()

output

real-time application with exception handling

1.Divide numbers:

enter numerator: 10

enter denominator: 2

Result:5.0

2.Voters age validity:

Enter your age: 17

Error:you mustbe at least 18 year old to vote.

3.students marks range vakidation:

Enter the students marks(0 to 100):35

Valid marks entered:{marks}