9/3/24, 7:05 PM Chapter 9: Practical Chemistry | Solutions for Class 10 Viraf J Dalal Simplified ICSE Chemistry | KnowledgeBoat

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Chapter 9
Practical Chemistry
Class 10 - Dalal Simplified ICSE Chemistry Solutions

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Questions

Question 1(2006)

From the list of substances given — Ammonium sulphate, Lead

carbonate, Chlorine, Copper nitrate, Ferrous sulphate — State : A
substance that turns moist starch iodide paper blue.

Answer

Chlorine

Cl2 + 2KI ⟶ 2KCl + I2

[Starch + I2 ⟶ blue black colour]

Question 2(2006)

State what is observed when excess of ammonia passed through

an aqueous solution of lead nitrate.

Answer

Chalky white precipitate of lead hydroxide is formed which is

insoluble in excess of ammonia.

Search by lesson title

Pb(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH ⟶ 2NH4NO3 + Pb(OH)2 ↓ [Chalky white ppt.

Chapter 1
formed]
Periodic Table — Periodic Properties & CONTENTS
Variation of Properties
Question 3(2006) Questions
Chapter 2
Additional Questions
Chemical Bonding Give one test each to distinguish between the following pairs of Unit Test Paper — Chemistry
Practicals
Chapter 3A chemical solutions
Acids, Bases and Salts

Chapter 3B (i) Zn(NO3)2 and Ca(NO3)2

Analytical Chemistry — Use of
Ammonium & Sodium Hydroxide
(ii) NaNO3 and NaCl
Chapter 4A
Gay Lussac's Law — Avogadro's Law —
Mole Concept
(iii) Iron [III] chloride and copper chloride .
Chapter 4B
Stoichiometry — Percentage

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Composition — Empirical & Molecular…
Answer
Chapter 5
Electrolysis
(i) When NaOH is added to the given soln., Zn(NO3)2 reacts to
Chapter 6
Metallurgy form a gelatinous white ppt. which dissolves in excess of NaOH
Chapter 7A whereas, Ca(NO3)2 forms a milky white ppt. which is insoluble in
Study of Compounds — Hydrogen
Chloride excess of NaOH. Hence, the two can be distinguished.
Chapter 7B
Study of Compounds — Ammonia (ii) Add conc. sulphuric acid to the given salts, NaCl will react to
Chapter 7C produce HCl gas, which produces dense white fumes when a glass
St d fC d Nit i A id
rod dipped in ammonia soln. is brought near it. If we add copper
turnings along with conc. sulphuric acid, NaNO3 will react to give
reddish brown nitrogen dioxide. Hence, the two salts can be
distinguished.

(iii) When we add NaOH solution to the given solutions, Iron [III]
chloride forms a reddish brown ppt. of Fe(OH)3 whereas, copper
chloride gives a pale blue ppt of Cu(OH)2.

Question 4(2006)

Give a reason why carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide cannot be

distinguished by using lime water.

Answer

Both, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide turns lime water milky
due to the formation of CaCO3 and CaSO3, respectively. Hence,

lime water cannot be used to distinguish between the two.

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ⟶ CaCO3 ↓ [white ppt. - insoluble] + H2O

Ca(OH)2 + SO2 ⟶ CaSO3 ↓ [white ppt. - insoluble] + H2O

Question 1(2007)

Salts A, B, C, D and E undergo reactions (i) to (v) respectively.

Identify the anion present in each salt.

(i) When AgNO3 solution is added to a soln. of A, a white

precipitate, insoluble in dilute nitric acid, is formed.

(ii) Addition of dil. HCl to B produces a gas which turns lead

acetate paper black.

(iii) When a freshly prepared solution of FeSO4 is added to a soln.

of C and conc. H2SO4 is gently poured from the side of the test-

tube, a brown ring is formed.

(iv) When dil. H2SO4 is added to D a gas is produced which turns

acidified K2Cr2O7 soln. from orange to green.

(v) Addition of dil. HCl to E produced an effervescence. The gas

produced turns limewater milky but does not effect acidified
K2Cr2O7 soln.

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Answer

(i) Chloride (Cl1-)

(ii) Sulphide (S2-)

(iii) Nitrate (NO31-)

(iv) Sulphite (SO32-)

(v) Carbonate (CO32-)

Question 2(2007)

How will the addition of barium chloride soln. help to distinguish

between dil. HCl and dil. H2SO4.

Answer

Barium chloride reacts with dil H2SO4 to form a white ppt. of

barium sulphate.

BaCl2 + H2SO4 [dil.] ⟶ 2HCl + BaSO4 ↓ [white ppt.]

Whereas, dil. HCl does not form a white ppt. Hence, the two can
be distinguished.

BaCl2 + HCl [dil.] ⟶ No white ppt.

Question 1(2008)

The salt which in solution gives a pale green ppt. with NaOH soln.
and a white ppt. with barium chloride solution is :

1. Iron (III) sulphate

2. Iron (II) sulphate
3. Iron (II) chloride
4. Iron (III) chloride

Answer

Iron (II) sulphate

Pale green ppt. of Fe(OH)2 and white ppt. of barium sulphate are

formed.

Question 1(2009)

CO2 and SO2 gas can be distinguished using :

1. moist blue litmus paper

2. lime water
3. acidified K2Cr2O7 paper

4. none of the above.

Answer

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acidified K2Cr2O7 (potassium dichromate) paper

Reason

There is no effect of CO2 gas on potassium dichromate whereas

SO2 turns acidified potassium dichromate from orange to clear

green.

K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + 3SO2 ⟶ K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O

Question 2(2009)

Identity the substance 'R' based on the information given below :

The pale green solid 'R' turns reddish brown on heating. It's
aqueous solution gives a white precipitate with barium chloride
solution. The precipitate is insoluble in mineral acids.

Answer

The substance 'R' is Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4.7H2O).

Reason

When heated strongly, the hydrous pale green ferrous sulphate

(FeSO4.7H2O), loses it's water of crystallization and decomposes

to form brown ferric oxide Fe2O3 along with sulphur dioxide (SO2)
and sulphur trioxide (SO3).

Δ
FeSO4.7H2O ​ FeSO4 + 7H2O

Δ
2FeSO4 ​ Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

Ferrous sulphate on reaction with barium chloride soln., forms a

white ppt. of barium sulphate (BaSO4) which is insoluble in mineral

acids.

Question 3(2009)

Give one test each to distinguish between the following pairs of

chemical solutions:

(i) ZnSO4 and ZnCl2

(ii) FeCl2 and FeCl3

(iii) Calcium nitrate soln. and Calcium chloride soln.

Answer

(i) When BaCl2 soln. is added to ZnSO4, a white ppt. of BaSO4 is

formed, whereas, no ppt. is formed in case of ZnCl2. Hence, the

two solns. can be distinguished.

BaCl2 + ZnSO4 ⟶ BaSO4 ↓ [white ppt.] + ZnCl2

BaCl2 + ZnCl2 ⟶ No white ppt.

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(ii) When NaOH soln. is added to the given solns., FeCl2 reacts to

form a dirty green ppt. of Fe(OH)2 whereas, FeCl3 reacts to form a

reddish brown ppt. of Fe(OH)3.

(iii) Add silver nitrate soln. to the given solns., calcium chloride
reacts to form a white ppt. which is soluble in NH4OH and

insoluble in dil. HNO3. The other soln. is calcium nitrate.

CaCl2 + 2AgNO3 ⟶ 2AgCl ↓ [white ppt.] + Ca(NO3)2

Ca(NO3)2 + AgNO3 ⟶ no white ppt.

Question 1(2010)

Select the correct answer from A, B, C, D and E –

(A) : Nitroso Iron (II) sulphate

(B) : Iron (III) chloride

(C) : Chromium sulphate

(D) : Lead (II) chloride

(E) : Sodium chloride.

The compound which is responsible for the green colour formed

when SO2 is bubbled through acidified potassium dichromate

solution.

Answer

Chromium sulphate

K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + 3SO2 ⟶ K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O

Question 2(2010)

State your observation – (i) A piece of moist blue litmus paper (ii)
paper soaked in potassium permanganate solution - is introduced
in each case into a jar of sulphur dioxide.

Answer

(i) Moist blue litmus turns red.

(ii) Sulphur dioxide turns potassium permanganate from pink to

clear colourless.

2KMnO4 + 2H2O + 5SO2 ⟶ K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4

Question 3(2010)

Write the equation for the reaction of magnesium sulphate solution

with barium chloride solution.

Answer

MgSO4 + BaCl2 ⟶ BaSO4 ↓ [white ppt.] + MgCl2

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Question 1 (2011)

Choose from the list of substances – Acetylene gas, aqua fortis,

coke, brass, barium chloride, bronze, platinum.

An aqueous salt solution used for testing sulphate radical.

Answer

Barium chloride.

Question 1(2012)

Name the gas which turns acidified potassium dichromate clear

green.

Answer

Sulphur dioxide gas (SO2)

K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + 3SO2 ⟶ K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O

Question 2(2012)

Identify the anion present in the following compounds :

(i) Compound X on heating with copper turnings and concentrated

sulphuric acid liberates a reddish brown gas.

(ii) When a solution of compound Y is treated with silver nitrate

solution a white precipitate is obtained which is soluble in excess
of ammonium hydroxide solution.

(iii) Compound Z which on reacting with dilute sulphuric acid

liberates a gas which turns lime water milky, but the gas has no
effect on acidified potassium dichromate solution.

(iv) Compound L on reacting with Barium chloride solution gives a

white precipitate insoluble in dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute nitric
acid.

Answer

(i) Nitrate ion, NO3-

(ii) Chloride ion, Cl-

(iii) Carbonate ion, CO32-

(iv) Sulphate ion, SO42-

Question 3(2012)

State one chemical test between each of the following pairs :

(i) Sodium carbonate and Sodium sulphite

(ii) Ferrous nitrate and Lead nitrate

(iii) Manganese dioxide and Copper (II) oxide

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Answer

(i) When dil. sulphuric acid is added to sodium carbonate and

heated, colourless, odourless gas is evolved which turns lime
water milky and has no effect on KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 solutions.

When dil. sulphuric acid is added to sodium sulphite and heated,

colourless gas with suffocating odour is evolved which turns lime
water milky. It turns acidified K2Cr2O7 from orange to clear green

and pink coloured KMnO4 to clear colourless.

Hence, the two compounds can be distinguished.

(ii) When NaOH is added to each of the compounds, a dirty green

precipitate of Iron [II] hydroxide [Fe(OH)2] is formed in case of

Ferrous nitrate whereas a chalky white precipitate of lead

hydroxide [Pb(OH)2] is formed in case of lead nitrate. Iron [II]

Hydroxide [Fe(OH)2] is insoluble in excess of NaOH, whereas

Lead Hydroxide [Pb(OH)2] is soluble in excess of NaOH. Hence,

the two compounds can be distinguished.

(iii) When each of the compound is heated with conc. hydrochloric

acid, greenish yellow (chlorine) gas is evolved in case of
manganese dioxide and filtrate is brownish in colour whereas, no
chlorine gas is evolved in case of copper (II) oxide and filtrate is
bluish in colour.

MnO2 + 4HCl ⟶ MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2

CuO + 2HCl ⟶ CuCl2 + H2O

Question 4(2012)

State one observation : A zinc granule is added to copper sulphate

solution.

Answer

Zinc displaces copper from copper sulphate and forms zinc

sulphate soln. because zinc is more reactive than copper. Hence,
the blue colour of copper sulphate solution changes to colourless.

Question 5(2012)

Give balanced equation for the reaction :

Silver nitrate solution and Sodium chloride solution.

Answer

AgNO3 + NaCl ⟶ AgCl ↓ [white ppt.] + NaNO3

Question 1(2013)

Give a chemical test to distinguish between :

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(i) NaCl soln. and NaNO3 soln.

(ii) HCl gas and H2S gas.

(iii) Calcium nitrate soln. and zinc nitrate soln.

(iv) Carbon dioxide gas and sulphur dioxide gas.

Answer

(i) Add silver nitrate soln. to the given solns., sodium chloride
reacts to form a white ppt. which is soluble in NH4OH and
insoluble in dil. HNO3. The other soln. is sodium nitrate.

NaCl + AgNO3 ⟶ AgCl ↓ [white ppt.] + NaNO3

NaNO3 + AgNO3 ⟶ no white ppt.

(ii) Hydrogen sulphide gas turns moist lead acetate paper silvery
black or black whereas, no change is observed in case of HCl gas.

Pb(CH3COO)2 [colourless] + H2S ⟶ PbS [black] + 2CH3COOH

(iii) When NaOH is added to the given soln., Zn(NO3)2 reacts to

form a gelatinous white ppt. which dissolves in excess of NaOH
whereas, Ca(NO3)2 forms a milky white ppt. which is insoluble in

excess of NaOH. Hence, the two can be distinguished.

(iv) Carbon dioxide gas has no effect on acidified potassium

permanganate (KMnO4) and acidified potassium dichromate

(K2Cr2O7) solution whereas sulphur dioxide gas turns acidified

potassium permanganate from pink to clear colourless and

acidified potassium dichromate from orange to clear green.

2KMnO4 + 2H2O + 5SO2 ⟶ K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4

K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + 3SO2 ⟶ K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O

Question 2(2013)

From

A : CO
B : CO2

C : NO2
D : SO3

State which will not produce an acid on reaction with water.

Answer

CO
Reason — On reaction with water, CO2 produces carbonic acid,
NO2 forms nitric acid and SO3 forms sulphuric acid whereas CO

forms carbon dioxide gas.

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CO + H2O ⟶ CO2 + H2

Question 1(2014)

Distinguish between : Sodium nitrate and sodium sulphite (using

dilute sulphuric acid)

Answer

Sodium nitrate will not react with dilute sulphuric acid.

Sodium sulphite reacts with dil. sulphuric acid and colourless gas
with suffocating odour is evolved which turns lime water milky.

Question 2(2014)

State your observation : When moist starch iodide paper is

introduced into chlorine gas.

Answer

Chlorine gas turns moist starch iodide paper blue black.

Cl2 + 2KI ⟶ 2KCl + I2

[Starch + I2 ⟶ blue black colour]

Question 3(2014)

The flame test with a salt P gave a brick red flame. What is the
cation in P?

Answer

Cation in P is Ca2+ (calcium ion).

Question 4(2014)

Gas Q turns moist lead acetate paper silvery black. Identify Q. pH

of R is 10. What kind of substance is R?

Answer

The gas Q is H2S (Hydrogen sulphide).

Pb(CH3COO)2 [colourless] + H2S ⟶ PbS [black] + 2CH3COOH

R is an alkaline substance.

Question 1(2015)

Select the gas that has a characteristic rotten egg smell.

[ammonia, ethane, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulphide, ethyne]

Answer

Hydrogen sulphide

Question 2(2015)

State one relevant observation : When hydrogen sulphide gas is

passed through lead acetate solution.
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Answer

A silvery black precipitate of PbS is formed.

Pb(CH3COO)2 [colourless] + H2S ⟶ PbS [black] + 2CH3COOH

Question 3(2015)

Identify the anion present in each of the following compounds: A,

B, C :

(i) Salt 'A' reacts with conc. H2SO4 producing a gas which fumes in
moist air and gives dense fumes with ammonia.

(ii) Salt 'B' reacts with dil. H2SO4 producing a gas which turns lime

water milky but has no effect on acidified potassium dichromate

solution.

(iii) When barium chloride solution is added to salt solution. 'C' a

white precipitate insoluble in dilute hydrochloric acid is obtained.

Answer

(i) Chloride ion (Cl–)

(ii) Carbonate ion (CO32–)

(iii) Sulphate ion (SO42–)

Question 4(2015)

Identify the cation present in each of the following compounds —

W, X, Y, Z :

(i) To solution 'W', ammonium hydroxide is added in minimum

quantity first and then in excess. A dirty white precipitate is formed
which dissolves in excess to form a clear solution.

(ii) To solution 'X' ammonium hydroxide is added in minimum

quantity first and then in excess. A pale blue precipitate is formed
which dissolves in excess to form a clear inky blue solution.

(iii) To solution 'Y' a small amount of sodium hydroxide is added

slowly and then in excess. A white insoluble precipitate is formed.

(iv) To salt 'Z' - Ca(OH)2 soln. is added and heated. A pungent

smelling gas turning moist red litmus paper blue is obtained.

Answer

(i) Zn2+ (Zinc Ion)

ZnSO4 + 2NH4OH ⟶ (NH4)2SO4 + Zn(OH)2 ↓

Zn(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2NH4OH [in excess] ⟶ 4H2O +

[Zn(NH3)4]SO4

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(ii) Cu2+ (Copper (II) Ion)

CuSO4 + 2NH4OH ⟶ (NH4)2SO4 + Cu(OH)2 ↓

Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2NH4OH [in excess] ⟶ 4H2O +

[Cu(NH3)4]SO4

(iii) Ca2+ (Calcium Ion)

CaCl2 + 2NaOH ⟶ 2NaCl + Ca(OH)2 ↓

(iv) NH4+ (Ammonium Ion)

2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 ⟶ CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3

Question 1(2016)

Identify the cations in each of the following cases :

(i) NaOH solution when added to the solution 'A' - gives a reddish
brown precipitate.

(ii) NH4OH solution when added to the solution 'B' - gives a white
ppt which does not dissolve in excess.

(iii) NaOH solution when added to the solution 'C' - gives a white
ppt which is insoluble in excess.

Answer

(i) Ferric (Fe3+) ion

(ii) Lead (Pb2+) ion

(iii) Calcium (Ca2+) ion

Question 1(2017)

Choose the correct answer from the options – A chloride which

forms a precipitate that is soluble in excess of ammonium
hydroxide, is :

1. Calcium chloride
2. Ferrous chloride
3. Ferric chloride
4. Copper chloride.

Answer

Copper chloride.

Question 2(2017)

Identify the substance underlined – Cation that does not form a

precipitate with ammonium hydroxide but forms one with sodium
hydroxide.

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Answer

Calcium [Ca2+] ions

Question 3(2017)

Identify the salts P and Q from the observations given below :

(i) On performing the flame test salt P produces a lilac coloured

flame and it's solution gives a white precipitate with silver nitrate
solution, which is soluble in ammonium hydroxide solution.

(ii) When dilute HCl is added to a salt Q, a brisk effervescence is

produced and the gas turns lime water milky. When NH4OH
solution is added to the above mixture [after adding dilute HCl], it
produces a white precipitate which is soluble in excess NH4OH
solution.

Answer

(i) P is potassium chloride.

Reason — K+ ions produces lilac coloured flame and Cl- ions

react with silver nitrate to form silver chloride ppt. (soluble in
excess of ammonium hydroxide).

(ii) Q is zinc carbonate.

Reason — CO32- ions produces carbon dioxide with HCl. Zinc

chloride forms white ppt. with ammonium hydroxide ( soluble in
excess of ammonium hydroxide).

Question 1(2018)

State one relevant observation - Barium chloride solution is slowly

added to sodium sulphate solution.

Answer

A white ppt. is obtained which is insoluble in dil. HCl or dil. HNO3

Na2SO4 + BaCl2 ⟶ BaSO4 ↓ [white ppt.] + 2NaCl

BaSO4 is insoluble in dil. hydrochloric acid.

Question 2(2018)

Give a chemical test to distinguish between following pairs of

chemicals :

(i) Lead nitrate solution and zinc nitrate solution.

(ii) Sodium chloride solution and sodium nitrate solution

Answer

(i) When NaOH is added to each of the compounds, lead nitrate

forms a chalky white precipitate of lead hydroxide [Pb(OH)2]

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whereas a gelatinous white precipitate of zinc hydroxide [Zn(OH)2]

is formed in case of zinc nitrate.

(ii) Add silver nitrate soln. to the given solns., sodium chloride
reacts to form a white ppt. which is soluble in NH4OH and
insoluble in dil. HNO3. The other soln. is sodium nitrate.

NaCl + AgNO3 ⟶ AgCl + NaNO3

NaNO3 + AgNO3 ⟶ no white ppt.

Question 1(2019)

State one observation for the following : Lead nitrate is heated

strongly in a test tube.

Answer

White crystalline solid turns buff yellow on heating, gives crackling

sound, melts and fuses with the glass. Nitrogen dioxide (reddish
brown) and Oxygen (colourless) gases are evolved.

Δ
2Pb(NO3 )2 ​ ​ ​ ⟶ ​ 2PbO ​ + 4NO2 ​ ​ +
[lead nitrate (white)] [litharge - buff yellow] [Nitrogen dioxide]
O2 ​ ​

[Oxygen]

Question 2(2019)

Distinguish between the following pairs of compounds using the

reagent given in the bracket.

(i) Manganese dioxide and copper [II] oxide [using conc. HCl]

(ii) Ferrous sulphate solution and ferric sulphate solution [using

sodium hydroxide solution]

Answer

(i) When each of the compound is heated with conc. hydrochloric

acid, greenish yellow (chlorine) gas is evolved in case of
manganese dioxide and filtrate is brownish in colour whereas, no
chlorine gas is evolved in case of copper (II) oxide and filtrate is
bluish in colour.

MnO2 + 4HCl ⟶ MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2

CuO + 2HCl ⟶ CuCl2 + H2O

(ii) When sodium hydroxide is added to the two solns., ferrous

sulphate solution gives a dirty green ppt. of Fe(OH)2 whereas,
ferric sulphate solution forms a reddish brown ppt. of Fe(OH)3.

Hence, the two compounds can be distinguished.

Question 1(2020)

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State one relevant observation for the following reaction : Zinc

carbonate is heated strongly.

Answer

The original white colour turns yellow on heating. Colourless,

odourless carbon dioxide gas is evolved.

ZnCO3 ​ ⟶ ZnO + CO2 ​

[Zinc [Zinc oxide] [Carbon

carbonate] [yellow - hot] dioxide]
​ ​ ​ ​ ​

[white] [white - cold]

Question 2(2020)

State one relevant reason for the following : Hydrated copper

sulphate crystals turn white on heating.

Answer

The blue coloured hydrous copper sulphate changes to white

anhydrous copper sulphate as the water of crystallization is
removed on heating.

CuSO4.5H2O ⟶ CuSO4 + 5H2O

Question 3(2020)

Match the gases given in column I to the identification of the gases

mentioned in column II

Column I Column II

(i) Hydrogen A : Turns acidified potassium dichromate

sulphide solution green

(ii) Carbon
B: Turns lime water milky
dioxide

(iii) Sulphur C: Turns reddish brown when it reacts with

dioxide oxygen

D: Turns moist lead acetate paper silvery

black.

Answer

Column I Column II

(i) Hydrogen D: Turns moist lead acetate paper silvery

sulphide black.

(ii) Carbon
B: Turns lime water milky
dioxide

(iii) Sulphur A : Turns acidified potassium dichromate

dioxide solution green

Question 4(2020)

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Distinguish between the following pairs of compounds using a

reagent as a chemical test:

(i) Calcium nitrate and Zinc nitrate solution

(ii) Magnesium chloride and Magnesium nitrate solution

Answer

(i) When NaOH is added to the given soln., Zinc nitrate [Zn(NO3)2]
reacts to form a gelatinous white ppt. which dissolves in excess of
NaOH whereas, Ca(NO3)2 forms a milky white ppt. which is
insoluble in excess of NaOH. Hence, the two can be distinguished.

(ii) Add silver nitrate soln. to the given solns., Magnesium chloride
reacts to form a white ppt. which is soluble in NH4OH and
insoluble in dil. HNO3. The other solution is Magnesium nitrate.

MgCl2 + 2AgNO3 ⟶ 2AgCl ↓ [white ppt.] + Mg(NO3)2

Mg(NO3)2 + AgNO3 ⟶ no white ppt.

Question 5(2020)

Identify the salts P, Q, R from the following observations:

(i) Salt P has light bluish green colour. On heating, it produces a

black coloured residue. Salt P produces brisk effervescence with
dil. HCl and the gas evolved turns lime water milky, but no action
with acidified potassium dichromate solution.

(ii) Salt Q is white in colour. On strong heating, it produces buff

yellow residue and liberates reddish brown gas. Solution of salt Q
produces chalky white insoluble ppt. with excess of ammonium
hydroxide.

(iii) Salt R is black in colour. On reacting with conc. HCl, it liberates

a pungent greenish yellow gas which turns moist starch iodide
paper blue black.

Answer

(i) Copper carbonate

(ii) Lead nitrate

(iii) Manganese dioxide

Additional Questions

Question 1

The following materials are provided – solutions of cobalt chloride,

ammonia, potassium permanganate, lime water, starch-iodide,
sodium hydroxide, lead acetate, potassium iodide. Also provided
are litmus and filter papers, glowing splinters and glass rods. Using
the above how would you distinguish between :

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(a) a neutral, acidic and a basic gas

(b) oxygen and hydrogen gas

(c) carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide gas

(d) chlorine and hydrogen chloride gas

(e) hydrogen sulphide and nitrogen dioxide gas

(f) ammonia and carbon dioxide gas

(g) zinc carbonate and potassium nitrate

(h) hydrated copper sulphate and anhydrous copper sulphate

(i) ammonium sulphate and sodium sulphate.

Answer

(a) Litmus paper test is done to distinguish between neutral, acidic

and basic gas. Neutral gas does not effect litmus paper. Acidic gas
will turn blue litmus paper red and basic gas will turn red litmus
blue.

(b) A burning wooden splinter is extinguished in hydrogen whereas

oxygen gas rekindles a glowing wooden splinter. Hence, the two
gases can be distinguished using a wooden splinter.

(c) There is no effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas on potassium

permanganate soln. whereas sulphur dioxide (SO2) turns acidified

potassium permanganate from pink to clear colourless.

(d) Chlorine turns moist blue litmus red and then bleaches it.

Cl2 + H2O ⟶ HOCl + HCl

HOCl ⟶ HCl + [O]

Colouring matter + [O] ⟶ Colourless or bleached product.

Whereas, HCl gas only turns moist blue litmus paper red and does
not bleach it.

(e) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) liberates iodine [violet vapours] with

potassium iodide KI soln., and turns potassium iodide paper

brown.

2KI + 2NO2 ⟶ 2KNO2 + I2

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas turns potassium permanganate

(KMnO4) from pink to colourless.

2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5H2S ⟶ K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O + 5S

(f) In the presence of ammonia moist red litmus turns blue and
carbon dioxide turns moist blue litmus faint red.

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(g) If we heat the given salts, zinc carbonate turns yellow, evolving
carbon dioxide gas which turns lime water milky and has no effect
on potassium permanganate solution.
Δ
ZnCO3 ​ ​ ZnO + CO2 ​

[Zinc [Zinc oxide] [Carbon

carbonate] [yellow - hot] dioxide]
​ ​ ​ ​ ​

[white] [white - cold]

Whereas, potassium nitrate emits oxygen gas on heating. Oxygen

gas rekindles a glowing wooden splinter.

2KNO3 ⟶ 2KNO2 + O2

Hence, the two salts can be distinguished.

(h) Hydrated copper sulphate is bright blue in colour, whereas

anhydrous copper sulphate appears as a white powder. Hence, the
two can be distinguished by their colour and appearance.

(i) When ammonium sulphate is heated with NaOH, ammonia gas

will be produced which turns red litmus blue whereas, sodium
sulphate will not react with sodium hydroxide.

(NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH ⟶ Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2NH3

Na2SO4 + NaOH ⟶ no reaction.

Question 2

Give a chemical test to distinguish between the following:

(i) Sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate

(ii) Potassium chloride and potassium nitrate

(iii) Copper carbonate and copper sulphite

(iv) Lead chloride and lead sulphide

(v) Iron (II) sulphate and iron (III) sulphate

(vi) Calcium sulphate and zinc sulphate

(vii) Lead nitrate and zinc nitrate

(viii) Copper sulphate and calcium sulphate

(ix) Manganese dioxide and copper (II) oxide

(x) dil. HCl, dil. HNO3, dil. H2SO4.

[explain the procedure for the preparation of the solutions for the
above tests wherever required]

Answer

(i) When BaCl2 solution is added to sodium carbonate, a white ppt.

is formed which is soluble in dil. HCl.

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Na2CO3 + BaCl2 ⟶ BaCO3 ↓ [white ppt.] + 2NaCl

BaCO3 + 2HCl ⟶ BaCl2 [soluble] + H2O + CO2

When BaCl2 solution is added to sodium sulphate, a white ppt. is

formed which is insoluble in dil. HCl.

Na2SO4 + BaCl2 ⟶ BaSO4 ↓ [white ppt.] + 2NaCl

Hence, the two compound can be distinguished.

(ii) Add silver nitrate soln. to the given solns., potassium chloride
reacts to form a white ppt. which is soluble in NH4OH and
insoluble in dil. HNO3. The other soln. is potassium nitrate.

KCl + AgNO3 ⟶ AgCl + KNO3

KNO3 + AgNO3 ⟶ no white ppt.

(iii) Add dil. H2SO4 to both the solns. and heat. When a colourless,

odourless gas is evolved which has no effect on acidified KMnO4

or K2Cr2O7 solns., then the gas is carbon dioxide and the
compound is copper carbonate.

When a colourless gas with a suffocating odour is evolved which

turns pink acidified KMnO4 to colourless then the gas is sulphur

dioxide and the compound is copper sulphite.

(iv) Add dil. H2SO4 to both the solns. and heat. When a colourless
gas with a smell of rotten eggs is evolved which turns pink acidified
KMnO4 colourless, then the gas is hydrogen sulphide and the

compound is lead sulphide.

Now, add conc. H2SO4 to both the solns. and heat. When a gas
with a pungent smell is evolved, which gives dense white fumes
when a rod dipped in ammonia soln. is brought near it then the gas
is HCl and compound is lead chloride.

(v) When sodium hydroxide is added to the two solns., Iron (II)
sulphate solution gives a dirty green ppt. of Fe(OH)2 whereas, Iron

(III) sulphate solution forms a reddish brown ppt. of Fe(OH)3.

Hence, the two compounds can be distinguished.

(vi) When NaOH is added to the given soln., zinc sulphate reacts
to form a gelatinous white ppt. which dissolves in excess of NaOH.

ZnSO4 + 2NaOH ⟶ Na2SO4 + Zn(OH)2 ↓

Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH [excess] ⟶ 2H2O + Na2ZnO2

Whereas, calcium sulphate forms a milky white ppt. which is

insoluble in excess of NaOH. Hence, the two can be distinguished.

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CaSO4 + 2NaOH ⟶ Ca(OH)2 ↓ + Na2SO4

(vii) When NaOH is added to each of the compounds, lead nitrate

forms a chalky white precipitate of lead hydroxide [Pb(OH)2]

Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaOH ⟶ 2NaNO3 + Pb(OH)2 ↓

Whereas a gelatinous white precipitate of zinc hydroxide [Zn(OH)2]

is formed in case of zinc nitrate.

Zn(NO3)2 + 2NaOH ⟶ 2NaNO3 + Zn(OH)2 ↓

(viii) When NaOH is added to each of the compounds, copper

sulphate forms a pale blue precipitate of copper [II] hydroxide
[Cu(OH)2]

CuSO4 + 2NaOH ⟶ Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2 ↓

Whereas a milky white precipitate of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]

is formed in case of calcium sulphate.

CaSO4 + 2NaOH ⟶ Na2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 ↓

(ix) When each of the compound is heated with conc. hydrochloric

acid, greenish yellow (chlorine) gas is evolved in case of
manganese dioxide and filtrate is brownish in colour. Whereas, no
chlorine gas is evolved in case of copper (II) oxide and filtrate is
bluish in colour.

MnO2 + 4HCl ⟶ MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2

CuO + 2HCl ⟶ CuCl2 + H2O

(x) When BaCl2 is added to the three acids, dil sulphuric acid
reacts with BaCl2 to give a white ppt. of BaSO4 but with dil HCl
and dil HNO3 no white ppt. is produced.

BaCl2 + H2SO4 ⟶ BaSO4 ↓ [white ppt.] + 2HCl

To distinguish between dil HCl and dil HNO3, we add Silver Nitrate

(AgNO3) solution to the two acids. Dil. HCl reacts with AgNO3 to
give a curdy white ppt. of Silver chloride (AgCl) but with dil HNO3,
no white ppt. is produced.

HCl + AgNO3 ⟶ AgCl + HNO3

HNO3 + AgNO3 ⟶ no white ppt.

Hence, the acids can be distinguished.

Question 3

Identify the cation [positive ion] and anion [negative ion] in - A, B

and C. Also identify P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W.

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(a) Substance 'A' is water soluble and gives a curdy white

precipitate 'P' with silver nitrate solution. 'P' is soluble in
ammonium hydroxide but insoluble in dil. HNO3. Substance 'A'
reacts with ammonium hydroxide solution to give a white
precipitate 'Q' soluble in excess of NH4OH.

(b) A solution of substance 'B' is added to barium chloride solution.

A white ppt. 'R' is formed, insoluble in dil. HCl or HNO3. A dirty
green ppt. 'S' is formed on addition of ammonium hydroxide to a
solution of 'B' and the precipitate is insoluble in excess of
ammonium hydroxide.

(c) Substance 'C' is a coloured, crystalline salt which on heating

decomposes leaving a black residue 'T'. On addition of copper
turnings and conc. H2SO4 to 'C' a coloured acidic gas 'U' is

evolved on heating. A solution of 'C' is added to NaOH soln. until in

excess. A pale blue ppt. 'P' is obtained insoluble in excess of
NaOH. A solution of 'C' is then added to NH4OH soln. in excess to
give an inky blue solution 'V'. A solution of 'C' is warmed and
hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through it. A black ppt. 'W'
appears.

Answer

(a) A is ZnCl2

Cation and anion in ZnCl2 : Zn2+ and Cl-

ZnCl2 + 2AgNO3 ⟶ 2AgCl ↓ [curdy white ppt.] + Zn(NO3)2

P is AgCl

The precipitate AgCl is soluble in ammonium hydroxide but

insoluble in dil. HNO3.

ZnCl2 + 2NH4OH ⟶ 2NH4Cl + Zn(OH)2 ↓ [white ppt.]

2NH4Cl + Zn(OH)2 + 2NH4OH [excess] ⟶ 4H2O + [Zn(NH3)2]Cl2

Q is Zn(OH)2

(b) B is ferrous sulphate (FeSO4)

Cation and anion in FeSO4 : Fe2+ and SO42-

FeSO4 + BaCl2 ⟶ BaSO4 ↓ [white ppt.] + 2NaCl

R is BaSO4

FeSO4 + 2NH4OH ⟶ (NH4)2SO4 + Fe(OH)2 ↓

S is Fe(OH)2

(c) C is copper nitrate Cu(NO3)2

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Cation and anion in Cu(NO3)2 : Cu2+ and NO31-

Black residue (T) : CuO - copper oxide

Δ
2Cu(NO3 )2 ​ ​ ​ ⟶ ​ 2CuO ​ + 4NO2 ​ ​ +
[Copper nitrate (blue)] [copper oxide - black] [Nitrogen dioxide]
O2 ​ ​

[Oxygen]

U is Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

P is Copper [II] hydroxide Cu(OH)2

Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH ⟶ 2NaNO3 + Cu(OH)2 ↓

V is [Cu(NH3)4]SO4

Cu(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH ⟶ Cu(OH)2 ↓ + 2NH4NO3

2Cu(OH)2 + 2NH4NO3 + 2NH4OH ⟶ 2Cu(NH3)4NO3 + 4H2O

W is CuS

Cu(NO3)2 + H2S ⟶ CuS + 2HNO3

Unit Test Paper — Chemistry Practicals

Question 1

Match the 'cations' A to F and the solubility of ppt. G or H with the

correct colours from 'X' and 'Y'.

'X' on 'Y' on
Solubility Solu
addition addition
Cation of ppt. in Cation of p
of NaOH of NH4OH
excess ex
in excess in excess

1. Reddish A: G: 6. Dirty A: G:
brown ppt. Ca2+ Soluble green ppt. Ca2+ Solu

2. Pale B: H: 7. No ppt. B: H:
blue ppt. Zn2+ Insoluble formed Zn2+ Inso

3. 8.
C: C:
Gelatinous Gelatinous
Fe2+ Fe2+
white ppt. white ppt.

4. Chalky D: 9. Pale D:
white ppt. Cu2+ blue ppt. Cu2+

5. Milky E: 10. Chalky E:

white ppt. Pb2+ white ppt. Pb2+

F: F:

Fe3+ Fe3+

Answer

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'X' on addition of NaOH:

In small amt (ppt. solubility of ppt. in

Cation
formed) excess

A:
Milky white ppt. Insoluble
Ca2+

B: Zn2+ Gelatinous white ppt. Soluble

C: Fe2+ Dirty green ppt. Insoluble

D:
Pale blue ppt. Insoluble
Cu2+

E: Pb2+ Chalky white ppt. Soluble

F: Fe3+ Reddish brown ppt. Insoluble

'Y' on addition of NH4OH:

In small amt (ppt. solubility of ppt. in

Cation
formed) excess

A:
No ppt. formed -
Ca2+

B: Zn2+ Gelatinous white ppt. Soluble

C: Fe2+ Dirty green ppt. Insoluble

D:
Pale blue ppt. Soluble
Cu2+

E: Pb2+ Chalky white ppt. Insoluble

F: Fe3+ Reddish brown ppt. Insoluble

Question 2

Select the correct 'anion' of a salt from the anions given, which
matches with description 1 to 5.

A: CO32-, B: NO31-, C: SO42-, D: Cl-, E: S2-

1. The salt soln. reacts with AgNO3 soln. to give a white ppt.
insoluble in dil. HNO3.

2. The salt soln. reacts with Ba(NO3)2 soln. to give a white ppt.

insoluble in dil. HNO3.

3. The salt soln. reacts with Ba(NO3)2 soln. to give a white ppt.

soluble in dil. HNO3 but insoluble in dil. H2SO4.

4. The salt reacts with dil. H2SO4 on heating evolving a gas

which turns KMnO4 soln. pink to colourless.

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5. The salt reacts with conc. H2SO4 on heating evolving a

coloured gas which turns potassium iodide paper brown.

Answer

1. D: Cl-

2. C: SO42-

3. A: CO32-

4. E: S2-

5. B: NO31-

Question 3

Give balanced equations for the conversions A and B.

1. Metallic carbonate A Ba(NO3 )2 ​ ​

White precipitate B dil. HCl

​ precipitate dissolves
sulphide A
Pb(CH3 COO)2 soln.
2. Metallic
​ ​

black precipitate
BaCl2 soln.
3. Metallic salt A
​

Barium sulphite B dil. HCl

​ Barium chloride
chloride A
conc. H2 SO4 Δ
4. Metallic
​ ​

AgNO3
Gas evolved B White precipitate
​

BaCl
5. Metallic salt A
2 ​

White precipitate insoluble in dil. HCl

Answer

1. Na2CO3 + Ba(NO3)2 ⟶ BaCO3 ↓ [white ppt.] + 2NaNO3

BaCO3 + 2HCl ⟶ BaCl2 [soluble] + H2O + CO2

2. Pb(CH3COO)2 [colourless] + H2S ⟶ PbS ↓ [black] +

2CH3COOH

3. Na2SO3 + BaCl2 ⟶ BaSO3 ↓ [white ppt.] + 2NaCl

BaSO3 + 2HCl ⟶ BaCl2 [soluble] + H2O + SO2

<200°C
4. NaCl + H2SO4 [conc.] ​ NaHSO4 + HCl
HCl + AgNO3 ⟶ AgCl ↓ [white ppt.] + HNO3

5. Na2SO4 + BaCl2 ⟶ BaSO4 ↓ [white ppt.] + 2NaCl

Question 4

Complete the table given below :

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Solubi
Gas Colour Odour Nature
Heat on of gas
evolved of gas of gas of gas
wate

1. KNO3

2.
(NH4)2Cr2O7

3. ZnCO3

4. Zn + dil.
H2SO4

5. Na2S +
dil. H2SO4

6. Na2SO3 +
dil. H2SO4

7. NaCl +
conc. H2SO4

8. NaNO3 +

Cu + conc.
H2SO4

9. MnO2 +
conc. HCl

10. NH4Cl +
NaOH

Answer

Gas Colour of Odour of Nature

Heat on
evolved gas gas of gas

1. KNO3 O2 Colourless Odourless Neutral

2.
N2 Colourless Odourless Neutral
(NH4)2Cr2O7

3. ZnCO3 CO2 Colourless Odourless Acidic

4. Zn + dil.
H2 Colourless Odourless Neutral
H2SO4

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Gas Colour of Odour of Nature

Heat on
evolved gas gas of gas

5. Na2S + Rotten egg

H2S Colourless Acidic
dil. H2SO4 smell

6. Na2SO3 +
SO2 Colourless Suffocating Acidic
dil. H2SO4

7. NaCl +
HCl Colourless Pungent Acidic
conc. H2SO4

8. NaNO3 +
Reddish
Cu + conc. NO2 Irritating Acidic
brown
H2SO4

9. MnO2 + Greenish
Cl2 Pungent Acidic
conc. HCl yellow

10. NH4Cl +
NH3 Colourless Pungent Basic
NaOH

Question 5

Select the correct word from the words in bracket.

1. The solution which on heating with CaCO3 evolves CO2 gas.

[conc. H2SO4 / dil.H2SO4 / dil. HCl]

2. The solution which can be used to distinguish an ammonium

salt from a sodium salt. [CuCl2 soln. / NH4OH / dil. H2SO4 /

AgNO3 soln.]

3. The pH of blood is around 7.4, of saliva is 6.5 and of acid rain

is around 4.5. The solution which is slightly alkaline of the
three. [saliva / acid rain / blood]
4. Decomposition of [NaCl / NaHCO3 / NaNO3] by dil. H2SO4,

forms an unstable acid.

5. A metal which reacts with an alkali to liberate hydrogen. [iron /
copper / aluminium]

Answer

1. dil. H2SO4

2. CuCl2 soln

3. blood
4. NaHCO3

5. aluminium.

Prev
Organic Chemistry - Unit Test Pa…

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