PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32

SAMPLE PAPER TEST 04 FOR BOARD EXAM 2024

SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS: 80

CLASS : X DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A-E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 6 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 7 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 3 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the
values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs of 3 marks
and 2 Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the
2marks questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not stated.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. Ayush is putting H2SO4 in the test tube containing water whereas Piyush is putting water in the
test tube containing H2SO4. Which of the two is likely to face danger?
(a) Piyush (b) Ayush (c) None of the two (d) Both Ayush and Piyush
2. Which of the following chemical reactions is incorrect?
Oxygen ( Kreb ' s cycle )
(a) Pyruvate 
in mitochondria
 6CO2  6 H 2 O  38 ATP
in absence of oxygen
(b) Pyruvate  in yeast
2 Lactic acid  2 ATP
in absence of oxygen
(c) Pyruvate  in yeast
2 C2 H 5OH  2CO2  2 ATP
in absence of oxygen
(d) Pyruvate 
Muscle Tissue in animals
 2 Lactic acid  2 ATP

3. In a neuron, conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs at/in

(a) cell body (b) axonal end (c) dendritic end (d) axon

4. CH3 —CH2 — OH CH3 —COOH

In the above given reaction, alkaline KMnO4 acts as
(a) reducing agent (b) oxidising agent (c) catalyst (d) dehydrating agent
5. The correct sequence of reproductive stages seen in flowering plants is :
(a) Gametes, zygote, embryo, seedling (b) Zygote, gametes, embryo, seedling
(c) Seedling, embryo, zygote, gametes (d) Gametes, embryo, zygote, seedling
6. Which of the following a balanced equation for the following chemical reaction:

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 (a) Zn + Ag(NO3)2 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(b) 2Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(c) Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(d) Zn + AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + Ag

7. Generally, non-metals are not conductors of electricity. Which of the following is a good
conductor of electricity?
(a) Diamond (b) Graphite (c) Sulphur (d) Fullerene

8. Structural formulae of X and Y, which have the same molecular formula, C3H60 are :
(a) X = CH3CH2CHO, Y= CH3COCH3
(b) X = CH3OCH2CH3, Y= CH3COCH3
(c) X = CH3COCH3, Y = CH3COOH
(d) X= CH3CH2OCH3, Y = CH3CH2COOH
9. Read the following statements about asexual reproduction and select the correct ones.
(i) It involves a single parent.
(ii) It is slower than sexual reproduction.
(iii) It produces progeny that are genetically identical with the parent but not with one another.
(iv) The progeny of asexual reproduction can be termed as clones.
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv) (d) (i), (iii) and (iv)

10. Two current-conducting wires are hung on a plastic rod. A large current is passed through the
two wires in the direction shown. Which of the following options is correct regarding this?
(I) I and III parts of wire repel each other. (II) II and IV parts of wire repel each other.
(III) I and IV parts of wire repel each other. (IV) II and III parts of wire repel each other.
(a) Only (i) and (ii) (b) Only (i) and (iii) (c) Only (iii) and (iv) (d) Only (i) and (iv)

11. A pea plant is represented by Rr. This represents the

(a) Genetic composition of an individual
(b) Characteristics which are visible in an organism.
(c) Alternate form of genes
(d) None of these

12. Consider these indices of refraction: glass: 1.52; air: 1.0003; water: 1.333. Based on the
refractive indices of three materials, arrange the speed of light through them in decreasing order.
(a) The speed of light in water > the speed of light in air > the speed of light in glass.
(b) The speed of light in glass > the speed of light in water > the speed of light in air.
(c) The speed of light in air > the speed of light in water > the speed of light in glass.
(d) The speed of light in glass > the speed of light in air > the speed of light in water.

13. An electron enters a magnetic field at right angles to it as shown in fig.

The direction of the force acting on the electron will be:

(a) to the right (b) to the left (c) out of the page (d) into the page

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14. The voltage-current (V-I) graph of a metallic conductor at two different temperatures T1 and T2
is shown:

At which temperature is the resistance higher?

(a) T2 (b) T1 (c) Equal at both T2 and T1 (d) Cannot say

15. Which of the following oxide(s) is/are soluble in water to form alkalies?
(i) Na2O (ii) SO2 (iii) K2O (iv) NO2
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i) only (c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (iii) only

16. Vinay observed that the stain of curry on a white shirt becomes reddish-brown when soap is
scrubbed on it, but it turns yellow again when the shirt is washed with plenty of water. What
might be the reason for his observation?
(i) Soap is acidic in nature.
(ii) Soap is basic in nature.
(iii) Turmeric is a natural indicator which gives reddish tinge in bases.
(iv) Turmeric is a natural indicator which gives reddish tinge in acids.
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)

DIRECTION: In the question number 17 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
17. Assertion: Photosynthesis is an anabolic process.
Reason: The process of photosynthesis occurs in chlorophyll.

18. Assertion (a): In a series circuit, the current is constant throughout the electric circuit.
Reason (R): All electric devices need equal currents to operate properly.

19. Assertion (A): Fresh milk in which baking soda is added, takes a longer time to set as curd.
Reason (R): Baking soda decreases the pH value of fresh milk to below 6.

20. Assertion (A): Colonies of yeast multiply in sugar solution.

Reason (R): Sugar is made of sucrose which provides energy for sustaining all life activities.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 26 carry 2 marks each.
21. In birds and mammals, the left and right side of the heart are separated. Give reasons.
22. What is electrical resistivity? In a series electrical circuit comprising of a resistor having a
metallic wire, the ammeter reads 5 A. The reading of the ammeter decreases to half when the
length of the wire is doubled. Why?
OR

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 Why does an electric bulb become dim when an electric heater in parallel circuit is switched on?
Why does dimness decrease after sometime?

23. Why do veins have thin walls as compared to arteries?

24. Neha did not want to have a child. So, she went to a doctor who suggested her to adopt
contraceptive methods. What are the reasons for adopting contraceptive methods?
OR
In a germinating seed, which parts are known as future shoot and future root? Mention the
function of cotyledon.

25. 3 mL of ethanol is taken in a test tube and warmed gently in a water bath. A 5% solution of
alkaline potassium permanganate is added first drop by drop to this solution, then in excess.
(a) How is 5% solution of KMnO4 prepared?
(b) State the role of alkaline potassium permanganate in this reaction. What happens on adding
it in excess?

26. In a cross between plants with purple flowers and white flowers, the F1 had all white flowers.
When F1 generation was self bred, the F2 generation gave rise to 100 individuals, 75 of which
had white flowers. Make a cross and answer.
(a) What are the genotypes of F2 individual?
(b) What is the ratio of purple flowered plants in F2 generation?

SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex mirror when an object is placed:
(a) at infinity (b) at finite distance from the mirror.

28. When do we consider a student sitting in the class to be myopic? List two causes of this defect.

29. Why are bacteria and fungi called decomposers? List any two advantages of decomposers to the
environment.

30. Derive an expression for electric energy consumed in a device in terms of V, I and t, where V is
the potential difference applied to it, I is the current drawn by it and t is the time for which the
current flows ?

31. Mention any three-information given by a chemical equation.

OR
State the law of conservation of mass as applicable in a chemical reaction. Illustrate with an
example.

32. Which compounds are called (a) alkanes, (b) alkenes and (c) alkynes ? C4H10 belongs to which
of these? Draw two structural isomers of this compound.

33. (i) Plants do not have any nervous system but yet, if we touch a sensitive plant, some observable
changes take place in its leaves. Explain how could this plant respond to the external stimuli and
how it is communicated.
(ii) Name the hormone that needs to be administered to
(a) increase the height of a dwarf plant.
(b) cause rapid cell division in fruits and seeds.
OR
(a) What is endocrine gland?
(b) Name any two endocrine glands present in a human body and write hormones secreted by
them.

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 SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.
34. (a) An organic compound X with a molecular formula C undergoes oxidation in presence of
alkaline KMnO4 to form a compound Y. X on heating in presence of conc. H2SO4 at 443 K
gives Z, which on reaction gives back 'X'. Identify X, Y and Z and write the reactions involved.
(b) With hard water, "A" compound functions well. The production of shampoos and other
cleaning products uses it. A causes water pollution and isn’t entirely biodegradable. Hard water
makes 'B' less effective. There is no water pollution because it is 100 percent biodegradable.
Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’.
(c) A cyclic compound 'X' has molecular formula. It is unsaturated and burns with sooty flame.
Identify 'X' and write its structural formula. Will it decolorize bromine water or not and why?
(d) An organic compound 'A' is a constituent of antifreeze and has the molecular formula
C2H6O. Upon reaction with alkaline KMNO4 the compound 'A' is oxidized to another 'B’
identify the compound A' and 'B'. Write the chemical equation for the reaction which leads to
the formulation of 'B'.

35. (a) Why is nutrition necessary for the human body?

(b) What causes movement of food inside the alimentary canal?
(c) Why is small intestine in herbivores longer than in carnivores?
(d) What will happen if mucus is not secreted by the gastric glands?
OR
(i) Describe aerobic respiration.
(ii) Describe the process of anaerobic respiration.

36. (i) To construct a ray diagram we use two rays which are so chosen that it is easy to know their
directions after reflection from the mirror. List two such rays and state the path of these rays
after reflection in case of concave mirrors. Use these two rays and draw ray diagram to locate
the image of an object placed between pole and focus of a concave mirror.
(ii) A concave mirror produces three times magnified image on a screen. If the object is placed
20 cm in front of the mirror, how far is the screen from the object?
OR
Rishi went to a palmist to show his palm. The palmist used a special lens for this purpose.
(i) State the nature of the lens and reason for its use.
(ii) Where should the palmist place/hold the lens so as to have a real and magnified image of an
object?
(iii) If the focal length of this lens is 10 cm and the lens is held at a distance of 5 cm from the
palm, use lens formula to find the position and size of the image.
SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)
Questions 37 to 39 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study – 1
Compounds containing oxygen are of great interest in the field of chemistry. Because of
oxygen's high reactivity, it is most often found in compounds. Oxygen reacts rapidly with group
1 elements. All alkali metal oxides form basic solutions when dissolved in water. The principal
combustion product is the most stable product with respect to the reactants. For example, with
careful control of oxygen, the oxide M2O (where M represents any alkali metal) can be formed
with any of the alkali metals.
When a metal reacts with oxygen to form a metal oxide, a redox reaction occurs.
Metal + Oxygen → Metal oxide
Different metals burn in oxygen with different rates depending on their differing activeness.
The more reactive metal towards oxygen, the brighter and faster the combustion of the metal.
Given figure below shows the experiment is conducted to build the reactivity series of metals.
Oxygen that is used in combustion of other metals is provided by heating solid potassium
manganate (VII). When heated, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium ignite
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 through combustion reactions with oxygen. Glass wool Metal filing Heat up Heat up Potassium
Manganate (VII) crystal

(a) Which metals do not react with oxygen even at high temperature?
(b) What happens when copper metal is heated in air?
(c) Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides. Is this statement true?
OR
(c) Which metal oxides are soluble in water? Explain.

38. Case Study – 2

When magnet is brought into the field of another magnet, the field interacts with each pole of
the magnet and each of these poles experience magnetic force. The space surrounding a magnet
where a magnetic force is experienced is called magnetic field.

A magnetic field line is a continuous curve in a magnetic field such that the tangent at any point
on it gives the direction of magnetic field at that point.
(i) Magnetic field is produced by the flow of current in a straight wire. Who discovered this
phenomenon and what is the SI unit of magnetic field? [1]
(ii) Where is the magnetism minimum in a bar magnet? [1]
(iii) Meena draws magnetic field lines of field close to the axis of a current-carrying circular
loop. As she moves away from the centre of the circular loop she observes that the lines keep on
diverging. How will you explain her observation? [2]
OR
(iii) How can it be proved that a magnetic field exists around a current carrying metallic wire?
[2]

39. Case Study – 3

The excretory system is responsible for the elimination of wastes produced by homeostasis.
There are several parts of the body that are involved in this process, such as sweat glands, the
liver, the lungs and the kidney system. Every human has two kidneys. The given diagram
represents the structure of human excretory system. Study the diagram and answer the following
questions.
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 (a) What is the role of part 1 in excretion? [1]
(b) Name the structural and functional part of 2? [1]
(c) What will happen, if one kidney of a person is removed? [2]
OR
The urge to urinate can be controlled. Give reason. [2]

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PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 04 FOR BOARD EXAM 2024
(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS: 80
CLASS : X DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A-E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 6 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 7 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 3 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the
values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs of 3 marks
and 2 Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the
2marks questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not stated.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. Ayush is putting H2SO4 in the test tube containing water whereas Piyush is putting water in the
test tube containing H2SO4. Which of the two is likely to face danger?
(a) Piyush (b) Ayush (c) None of the two (d) Both Ayush and Piyush
Ans: (a) Piyush
Piyush is likely to face danger. Addition of water to concentrated sulphuric acid is an
exothermic reaction and can lead to explosions. Water should not be poured into a container
containing an acid.
2. Which of the following chemical reactions is incorrect?
Oxygen ( Kreb ' s cycle )
(a) Pyruvate 
in mitochondria
 6CO2  6 H 2 O  38 ATP
in absence of oxygen
(b) Pyruvate  in yeast
2 Lactic acid  2 ATP
in absence of oxygen
(c) Pyruvate  in yeast
2 C2 H 5OH  2CO2  2 ATP
in absence of oxygen
(d) Pyruvate 
Muscle Tissue in animals
 2 Lactic acid  2 ATP
in absence of oxygen
Ans: (b) Pyruvate  in yeast
2 Lactic acid  2 ATP

3. In a neuron, conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs at/in

(a) cell body (b) axonal end (c) dendritic end (d) axon
Ans: (b) axonal end
At axonal end, electric impulse triggers the release of neurotransmitter. These chemicals enter
dendrite of another neuron to transmit the signal.

4. CH3 —CH2 — OH CH3 —COOH

In the above given reaction, alkaline KMnO4 acts as
(a) reducing agent (b) oxidising agent
(c) catalyst (d) dehydrating agent
Ans: (b) oxidising agent
5. The correct sequence of reproductive stages seen in flowering plants is :
(a) Gametes, zygote, embryo, seedling
(b) Zygote, gametes, embryo, seedling
(c) Seedling, embryo, zygote, gametes
(d) Gametes, embryo, zygote, seedling

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 Ans: (a) Gametes, zygote, embryo, seedling
Gamete formation is followed by pollination and fertilisation to produce zygote which in turn
leads to embryo formation. Fertilised ovule become seed and seeds germinate to produce
seedling.
6. Which of the following a balanced equation for the following chemical reaction:

(a) Zn + Ag(NO3)2 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag

(b) 2Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(c) Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(d) Zn + AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + Ag
Ans: (c) Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is: Zinc + Silver nitrate → Zinc nitrate + Silver
Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag

7. Generally, non-metals are not conductors of electricity. Which of the following is a good
conductor of electricity?
(a) Diamond (b) Graphite (c) Sulphur (d) Fullerene
Ans: (b) Graphite

8. Structural formulae of X and Y, which have the same molecular formula, C3H60 are :
(a) X = CH3CH2CHO, Y= CH3COCH3
(b) X = CH3OCH2CH3, Y= CH3COCH3
(c) X = CH3COCH3, Y = CH3COOH
(d) X= CH3CH2OCH3, Y = CH3CH2COOH
Ans: (a) X = CH3CH2CHO, Y= CH3COCH3
The aldehyde (X) and ketone (Y) have the same molecular formula as C3H60. The structural
formula of aldehyde (propanal) is CH3CH2CHO while the structural formula of ketone
(Propanone) is CH3COCH3.
9. Read the following statements about asexual reproduction and select the correct ones.
(i) It involves a single parent.
(ii) It is slower than sexual reproduction.
(iii) It produces progeny that are genetically identical with the parent but not with one another.
(iv) The progeny of asexual reproduction can be termed as clones.
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv) (d) (i), (iii) and (iv)
Ans: (c) (i) and (iv)
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a single parent to produce
offspring.
It is faster than sexual reproduction because of its simplicity. Sexual reproduction is
comparatively more complex.
The offspring produced are morphologically and genetically identical to one another and to their
parents and are hence called clones.

10. Two current-conducting wires are hung on a plastic rod. A large current is passed through the
two wires in the direction shown. Which of the following options is correct regarding this?
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 (I) I and III parts of wire repel each other. (II) II and IV parts of wire repel each other.
(III) I and IV parts of wire repel each other. (IV) II and III parts of wire repel each other.
(a) Only (i) and (ii) (b) Only (i) and (iii) (c) Only (iii) and (iv) (d) Only (i) and (iv)
Ans: (a) Only (i) and (ii)

11. A pea plant is represented by Rr. This represents the

(a) Genetic composition of an individual
(b) Characteristics which are visible in an organism.
(c) Alternate form of genes
(d) None of these
Ans: (a) Genetic composition of an individual
'Rr' represents the genotype of an individual. Both the genes (Rr) of a character are
heterozygous.

12. Consider these indices of refraction: glass: 1.52; air: 1.0003; water: 1.333. Based on the
refractive indices of three materials, arrange the speed of light through them in decreasing order.
(a) The speed of light in water > the speed of light in air > the speed of light in glass.
(b) The speed of light in glass > the speed of light in water > the speed of light in air.
(c) The speed of light in air > the speed of light in water > the speed of light in glass.
(d) The speed of light in glass > the speed of light in air > the speed of light in water.
Ans: (c) The speed of light in air > the speed of light in water > the speed of light in glass.

13. An electron enters a magnetic field at right angles to it as shown in fig.

The direction of the force acting on the electron will be:

(a) to the right (b) to the left (c) out of the page (d) into the page
Ans: (d) into the page.
The direction of force is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and the current as
given by Fleming’s left-hand rule.

14. The voltage-current (V-I) graph of a metallic conductor at two different temperatures T1 and T2
is shown:

At which temperature is the resistance higher?

(a) T2 (b) T1 (c) Equal at both T2 and T1 (d) Cannot say
Ans: (a) T2
Resistance is the slope of VI graph. The slope of graph at T2 > slope of graph at T1. Therefore,
resistance is higher at T2.

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15. Which of the following oxide(s) is/are soluble in water to form alkalies?
(i) Na2O (ii) SO2 (iii) K2O (iv) NO2
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i) only (c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (iii) only
Ans: (a) (i) and (iii)

16. Vinay observed that the stain of curry on a white shirt becomes reddish-brown when soap is
scrubbed on it, but it turns yellow again when the shirt is washed with plenty of water. What
might be the reason for his observation?
(i) Soap is acidic in nature.
(ii) Soap is basic in nature.
(iii) Turmeric is a natural indicator which gives reddish tinge in bases.
(iv) Turmeric is a natural indicator which gives reddish tinge in acids.
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)
Ans: (b) (ii) and (iii)

DIRECTION: In the question number 17 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
17. Assertion: Photosynthesis is an anabolic process.
Reason: The process of photosynthesis occurs in chlorophyll.
Ans: (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.

18. Assertion (a): In a series circuit, the current is constant throughout the electric circuit.
Reason (R): All electric devices need equal currents to operate properly.
Ans: (c) A is true but R is false.
Current is constant in a series circuit as there is only one path for flow of current. But different
devices connected in a circuit have different power ratings and therefore draw different amounts
of currents.

19. Assertion (A): Fresh milk in which baking soda is added, takes a longer time to set as curd.
Reason (R): Baking soda decreases the pH value of fresh milk to below 6.
Ans: (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Fresh milk in which baking soda is added is more alkaline in nature. Therefore, add produced to
set into curd will be neutralised by baking soda added by milkmen. Hence, it takes longer time
to set as curd. Also, after adding baking soda to the milk, it becomes more alkaline in nature i.e.,
basic in nature. So, pH of the milk would be increased to above 7.

20. Assertion (A): Colonies of yeast multiply in sugar solution.

Reason (R): Sugar is made of sucrose which provides energy for sustaining all life activities.
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 25 carry 2 marks each.
21. In birds and mammals, the left and right side of the heart are separated. Give reasons.
Ans: The separation keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing, allowing a highly
efficient supply of oxygen to the body. This is useful in animals that have high energy needs
(birds and mammals) which constantly use energy to maintain their body temperature.

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22. What is electrical resistivity? In a series electrical circuit comprising of a resistor having a
metallic wire, the ammeter reads 5 A. The reading of the ammeter decreases to half when the
length of the wire is doubled. Why?
Ans: (i) The resistivity of a material is defined as the resistance of a conductor made of that
material of unit length and unit cross-sectional area.
Using, R = ρl/A
Also, V = RI
R is doubled while V remains unchanged. Hence, current becomes half.
OR
Why does an electric bulb become dim when an electric heater in parallel circuit is switched on?
Why does dimness decrease after sometime?
Ans: The resistance of a heater coil is less than that of electric bulb filament. When heater is
switched on in parallel, more current start flowing through the heater coil and current through
the bulb filament decreases making it dim.
After some time, when heater coil becomes hot its resistance increases. As a result, current
through the heater coil decreases and the current through the bulb filament increases and thus
dimness of the bulb decreases.

23. Why do veins have thin walls as compared to arteries?

Ans: Arteries carry blood from the heart to various organs of the body under high pressure so
they have thick and elastic walls. Veins collect the blood from different organs and bring it back
to the heart. The blood is no longer under pressure so the walls are thin with valves to ensure
that blood flows only in one direction.

24. Neha did not want to have a child. So, she went to a doctor who suggested her to adopt
contraceptive methods. What are the reasons for adopting contraceptive methods?
Ans: Contraceptive methods are mainly adopted:
(1) To avoid unwanted pregnancies.
(2) To keep the population of a country under control.
(3) To limit the number of children a couple wants to have.
(4) To maintain adequate gap between two consecutive children.
(5) To prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases.
OR
In a germinating seed, which parts are known as future shoot and future root? Mention the
function of cotyledon.
Ans: In a germinating seed, plumule is known as future shoot and radicle is known as future
root.
The function of cotyledon is to store food for the future plant or embryo.

25. 3 mL of ethanol is taken in a test tube and warmed gently in a water bath. A 5% solution of
alkaline potassium permanganate is added first drop by drop to this solution, then in excess.
(a) How is 5% solution of KMnO4 prepared?
(b) State the role of alkaline potassium permanganate in this reaction. What happens on adding
it in excess?
Ans: (a) Preparation of 5% of KMnO4: By dissolving 5g potassium permanganate in 100 mL of
water.
(b) Alkaline KMnO4 acts as oxidising agent as it adds oxygen to alcohol and convert it into an
acid. Initially, when we add potassium permanganate, all potassium permanganate is used up in
the reaction. After completion of the reaction, there is no more ethanol in the solution. Adding
more potassium permanganate after this endpoint makes the solution red.
26. In a cross between plants with purple flowers and white flowers, the F1 had all white flowers.
When F1 generation was self bred, the F2 generation gave rise to 100 individuals, 75 of which
had white flowers. Make a cross and answer.
(a) What are the genotypes of F2 individual?
(b) What is the ratio of purple flowered plants in F2 generation?
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 Ans:

(a) Genotypes of F2 individuals are 1 (WW): 2 (Ww): 1 (ww)

(b) Ratio of white to purple flowers = 3: 1, i.e., 3 white: 1 purple

SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex mirror when an object is placed:
(a) at infinity (b) at finite distance from the mirror.
Ans: Formation of image by convex mirror:
Position of the object Position of the image Relative size of the Nature of the image
image
At infinity At focus F, behind the Highly di- minished, Virtual and erect
mirror point sized
Between in- unity and the Between P and F, Diminished Virtual and erect
pole P of the mirror behind the mirror

Ray diagram for image formation by convex mirror:

28. When do we consider a student sitting in the class to be myopic? List two causes of this defect.
Ans: Myopia is the defect of the eye vision due to which a person can see the nearly objects
clearly but cannot see the far objects so distinctly.
Causes of myopia: Myopia is caused:
- due to the elongation of the eyeball.
- due to decrease in the focal length of the eye lens.
Myopia can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable focal length in the spectacles of
such a person.

29. Why are bacteria and fungi called decomposers? List any two advantages of decomposers to the
environment.
Ans: (a) Bacteria and fungi are called decomposer because they break down the dead and
decaying organic matter into a simpler substance. It provides the nutrients back to the soil.
(b) Advantages:
(i) Decomposers function as scavengers by removing organic remains and cleansing the earth.

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 (ii) Decomposers release inorganic nutrients trapped in organic remains. The same are recycled.

30. Derive an expression for electric energy consumed in a device in terms of V, I and t, where V is
the potential difference applied to it, I is the current drawn by it and t is the time for which the
current flows ?
Ans: Work done, W = QV
W
Also, P 
t
QV QIR Q
Now, P   (V  IR )  P  IR  I 2 R
t t t
2 2
V V
Energy  P  t  I 2 Rt  2 Rt  t
R R
where, V = voltage, R = resistance, t = time.

31. Mention any three-information given by a chemical equation.

Ans: A balanced chemical equation tells:
(1) The number of atoms and molecules of reactants and products involved.
(2) The chemical formula of reactants and products involved.
(3) The catalyst involved in the reaction if any.
OR
State the law of conservation of mass as applicable in a chemical reaction. Illustrate with an
example.
Ans: The law of conservation of mass states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed in a
chemical reaction. The mass of the products in a chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the
reactants. Example to illustrate the law of conservation of mass:
In the reaction CaCO3 → CaO + CO2,
The molecular mass of CaCO3 = 1 × 40 + 1 × 12 + 3 × 16 = 100 u
Molecular mass of CaO = 1 × 40 + 1 × 16 = 56 u and molecular mass of CO2 = 1 × 12 + 2 × 16
= 44 u
Mass of the reactant = 100 u
Mass of the product = 56 u + 44 u = 100 u.
As the mass of the reactant is equal to the mass of the products, law of conservation of mass is
verified.

32. Which compounds are called (a) alkanes, (b) alkenes and (c) alkynes ? C4H10 belongs to which
of these? Draw two structural isomers of this compound.
Ans: (a) Alkanes
Saturated hydrocarbon with C–C single bond
(b) Alkenes
Unsaturated hydrocarbon with double bond in C=C
(c) Alkynes
Unsaturated hydrocarbon with triple bond in C ≡ C
• C4H10 belongs to Alkane
two structural isomers

33. (i) Plants do not have any nervous system but yet, if we touch a sensitive plant, some observable
changes take place in its leaves. Explain how could this plant respond to the external stimuli and
how it is communicated.
(ii) Name the hormone that needs to be administered to
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 (a) increase the height of a dwarf plant.
(b) cause rapid cell division in fruits and seeds.
Ans: (i) The changes in the leaves of the sensitive plant when touched is due to the difference in
the turgor pressure. When leaf of the sensitive plant is touched, the electrical chemical signal
conveys the information from cell to cell. Plants lack specialised tissues for conduction of
information and thus change the shape by changing the amount of water. Cells in the lower half
of the leaf lose water and become flaccid while cells in the upper half gains water and become
turgid.
(ii) (a) Auxin (b) Cytokinin
OR
(a) What is endocrine gland?
(b) Name any two endocrine glands present in a human body and write hormones secreted by
them.
Ans: (a) Endocrine gland is an isolated gland which does not have a duct for draining out its
secretion but instead pours the same into circulatory system for reaching the target sites.
(b) (i) Thyroid-hormone (thyroxine)
(ii) Islets of Langerhans in Pancreas-hormones insulin and glucagon.

SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.
34. (a) An organic compound X with a molecular formula C undergoes oxidation in presence of
alkaline KMnO4 to form a compound Y. X on heating in presence of conc. H2SO4 at 443 K
gives Z, which on reaction gives back 'X'. Identify X, Y and Z and write the reactions involved.
(b) With hard water, "A" compound functions well. The production of shampoos and other
cleaning products uses it. A causes water pollution and isn’t entirely biodegradable. Hard water
makes 'B' less effective. There is no water pollution because it is 100 percent biodegradable.
Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’.
(c) A cyclic compound 'X' has molecular formula. It is unsaturated and burns with sooty flame.
Identify 'X' and write its structural formula. Will it decolorize bromine water or not and why?
(d) An organic compound 'A' is a constituent of antifreeze and has the molecular formula
C2H6O. Upon reaction with alkaline KMNO4 the compound 'A' is oxidized to another 'B’
identify the compound A' and 'B'. Write the chemical equation for the reaction which leads to
the formulation of 'B'.
Ans: (a)

(b) ‘A’ is detergent and ‘B’ is soap

(c)

It does not decolourize bromine water because it does not undergo addition reaction.

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 (d)

35. (a) Why is nutrition necessary for the human body?

(b) What causes movement of food inside the alimentary canal?
(c) Why is small intestine in herbivores longer than in carnivores?
(d) What will happen if mucus is not secreted by the gastric glands?
Ans. (a) Nutrition is the process of intake of nutrients and its utilization by an organism in
various biological activities.
Importance of nutrition: All living organisms need nutrients (food):
(i) To build up their body molecules
(ii) To repair their worn out tissues.
(iii) To get energy for doing work.
(iv) To maintain various life processes.
(b) Rhythmic contraction and expansion movement of muscles of lining of various organs of
alimentary canal pushes the partially or completely digested food forward in the track. This
rhythmic contraction and relaxation movement is called peristaltic movement. This occurs
throughout the gut.
(c) Small intestine in herbivores is longer than in carnivores as herbivores are grass eating
animals. Longer, small intestine of herbivores help in digestion of cellulose which is present in
the grass. Meat is digested easily so carnivores have shorter small intestine.
(d) Mucus is secreted by gastric glands along with hydrochloric acid and pepsin in the stomach.
If mucus is not secreted by the gastric glands, hydrochloric acid would corrode the inner lining
of stomach and may cause gastric ulcers.
OR
(i) Describe aerobic respiration.
(ii) Describe the process of anaerobic respiration.
Ans: (i) The respiration which needs oxygen or occurs in the presence of oxygen is called
aerobic respiration. During this type of respiration, glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide
and water with the release of considerable amount of energy. The energy is stored in the form of
ATP.
It consists of two steps:
(a) Glycolysis: The conversion of glucose into pyruvate (or pyruvic acid) is called glycolysis. It
occurs in the cytoplasm.
(b) Kreb’s Cycle: It is the process of converting pyruvate into CO2 and H2O along with the
release of considerable amount of energy. It occurs in the mitochondria.
One molecule of glucose liberates 38 ATP of energy during aerobic respiration.

(ii) The respiration which takes place in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration.
During this respiration glucose is broken down into ethyl alcohol and CO2 with the release of
very small amount of energy. In anaerobic respiration, one molecule of oxygen produces only 2
ATP of energy. This type of respiration occurs in microscopic organisms like yeast, etc.

In human beings, the energy is obtained by aerobic respiration but sometimes anaerobic
respiration occurs in muscles during vigorous exercise when oxygen gets consumed faster than
its supply by the blood. During the anaerobic respiration in the muscles the glucose is converted
into lactic acid with the release of 2 ATP of energy.
Anaerobic respiration in human beings:

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36. (i) To construct a ray diagram we use two rays which are so chosen that it is easy to know their
directions after reflection from the mirror. List two such rays and state the path of these rays
after reflection in case of concave mirrors. Use these two rays and draw ray diagram to locate
the image of an object placed between pole and focus of a concave mirror.
(ii) A concave mirror produces three times magnified image on a screen. If the object is placed
20 cm in front of the mirror, how far is the screen from the object?
Ans: (i) A ray of light incident parallel to the principal axis after reflection passes through the
principal focus.

A ray of light which passes through the centre of curvature after reflection retraces its path back.
(ii) u = – 20 cm, m = –3
m = –v/u
∴ v = –m × u
= –(–3) (– 20 cm)
= – 60 cm
Distance between the object and the screen = – 60 cm – (– 20 cm) = – 40 cm
So, the distance between the object and the screen is 40 cm.
OR
Rishi went to a palmist to show his palm. The palmist used a special lens for this purpose.
(i) State the nature of the lens and reason for its use.
(ii) Where should the palmist place/hold the lens so as to have a real and magnified image of an
object?
(iii) If the focal length of this lens is 10 cm and the lens is held at a distance of 5 cm from the
palm, use lens formula to find the position and size of the image.
Ans: (i) Convex lens to get a magnified image of the lines on the palm.
(ii) Between F and 2F of the lens / or at F of the lens
(iii) Focal length, f = +10 cm
Object distance, u = – 5 cm
1 1 1 1 1 1
Lens Formula,     
v u f v 5 10
1 1 1
  
v 5 10
1 1 1 1
      v  10cm
v 10 5 10
h ' v 10
Now, m    2
h u 5
Size of image is 2 times the size of object.

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 SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)
Questions 37 to 39 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study – 1
Compounds containing oxygen are of great interest in the field of chemistry. Because of
oxygen's high reactivity, it is most often found in compounds. Oxygen reacts rapidly with group
1 elements. All alkali metal oxides form basic solutions when dissolved in water. The principal
combustion product is the most stable product with respect to the reactants. For example, with
careful control of oxygen, the oxide M2O (where M represents any alkali metal) can be formed
with any of the alkali metals.
When a metal reacts with oxygen to form a metal oxide, a redox reaction occurs.
Metal + Oxygen → Metal oxide
Different metals burn in oxygen with different rates depending on their differing activeness.
The more reactive metal towards oxygen, the brighter and faster the combustion of the metal.
Given figure below shows the experiment is conducted to build the reactivity series of metals.
Oxygen that is used in combustion of other metals is provided by heating solid potassium
manganate (VII). When heated, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium ignite
through combustion reactions with oxygen. Glass wool Metal filing Heat up Heat up Potassium
Manganate (VII) crystal

(a) Which metals do not react with oxygen even at high temperature?
(b) What happens when copper metal is heated in air?
(c) Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides. Is this statement true?
OR
(c) Which metal oxides are soluble in water? Explain.
Ans: (a) Metals such as silver and gold do not react with oxygen even at high temperatures as
they are relatively inert.
(b) Copper does not burn but is coated with black colored copper oxide. When heated, copper
does not burn, but the hot copper metal is coated with a black coloured layer of copper (II)
oxide.
2Cu + 02  2CuO
(c) Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides.
Metal + Oxygen  Metal oxide
Some metal oxides, such as sodium oxide and potassium oxide, dissolve in water to form
alkalis:
Moreover, some metal oxides, such as aluminium oxide and zinc oxide, show both acidic and
basic nature and are known as amphoteric oxides.
OR
(c) The metal oxides sodium oxide and potassium oxide dissolve in water to form alkalis as
follows:
Na2O(s) + H20(l)  2NaOH(aq)
K2O(s) + H20(l)  2 KOH(aq)

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38. Case Study – 2
When magnet is brought into the field of another magnet, the field interacts with each pole of
the magnet and each of these poles experience magnetic force. The space surrounding a magnet
where a magnetic force is experienced is called magnetic field.

A magnetic field line is a continuous curve in a magnetic field such that the tangent at any point
on it gives the direction of magnetic field at that point.
(i) Magnetic field is produced by the flow of current in a straight wire. Who discovered this
phenomenon and what is the SI unit of magnetic field? [1]
(ii) Where is the magnetism minimum in a bar magnet? [1]
(iii) Meena draws magnetic field lines of field close to the axis of a current-carrying circular
loop. As she moves away from the centre of the circular loop she observes that the lines keep on
diverging. How will you explain her observation? [2]
OR
(iii) How can it be proved that a magnetic field exists around a current carrying metallic wire?
[2]
Ans: (i) Oersted discovered the phenomenon that magnetic field is produced by the flow of
current in a straight wire. Tesla is the S.I unit of magnetic field.
(ii) Inside the magnet, magnetic field strength is decreasing. So, at the centre of bar magnet, the
magnetism is minimum.
(iii) Strength of the magnetic field falls as distance increases. This is indicated by the decrease
in degree of closeness of the lines of field.
OR
(iii) When a magnetic compass needle is placed close to the current carrying wire, it will get
deflected.

39. Case Study – 3

The excretory system is responsible for the elimination of wastes produced by homeostasis.
There are several parts of the body that are involved in this process, such as sweat glands, the
liver, the lungs and the kidney system. Every human has two kidneys. The given diagram
represents the structure of human excretory system. Study the diagram and answer the following
questions.

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 (a) What is the role of part 1 in excretion? [1]
(b) Name the structural and functional part of 2? [1]
(c) What will happen, if one kidney of a person is removed? [2]
OR
The urge to urinate can be controlled. Give reason. [2]
Ans: (a) Part 1 is ureter. It transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder.
(b) Nephron.
(c) If one kidney of a person is removed, he can still survive and remain normal because of
same function performed by the other kidney.
OR
As the bladder is muscular, it is under the control of nervous system. Hence, we can control the
urge to urinate to some extent.

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