Solution of Final Exam, (Semester-I, 2024-25), Date: 29-10-2025

Question 1: Choose the correct option. (1 7=07 Marks)

I. Let be a vector space and Then which of the following axiom holds in
a) ( ) ( ) b) c) d) None of these.

II. Which of the following set is a vector space?

a) b) c) * + d) All of these.

III. Let be the direct sum of subspaces and Then

a) * + b) * + c) d)

IV. Let be a linear operator such that ( ) for all . Then range, ( )
a) * + b) c) * + d) (empty set).

V. The standard basis for the vector space ( ) (polynomials of degree at most 1) is ….. .
a) * + b) * + c) * + d) * +.

VI. The characteristic equation of a matrix; 0 1 is ….

a) b) c) d) .

VII. The dimension for a subspace *( )+ is

a) b) 1 c) d)
Solution: I. (c), II. (c), III. (b), IV. (b), V. (d), VI. (d), VII. (a).
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Question 2: Complete the following sentences. (1 7 = 07 Marks)
1. If a scalar multiplication on is defined as, ( ) ( ) then ( ) ( )
2. If *( )| + and *( )| + are two subspaces of then .
3. The dimension of the set of matrices; dim( ( ))
4. Let be a linear transformation. Then ( ) 0.
5. A basis for a subspace *( )| + is *( )+ .
6. For 6, the chemical reaction; is balanced.
7. If is an eigenvalue and is an eigenvector of a matrix then .
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Question 3: [ ( ) Marks]
(a) Let be a vector space. For any vector
Prove that ( ) .
Solution: Since ( )
( )
,( ) - ( ) ( )
( ) , ( )-
( )
( )
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 (b) Consider with usual addition and scalar multiplication defined as; ( ) ( )
Show that is not a vector space.

Solution: Consider a vector ( ) with .

Now ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) .
Hence is not a vector space with the given scalar multiplication.
[Alternatively, one can consider a particular values for with for example, ( ).]
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(c) Decide which of the following subsets form a subspace of the given vector spaces.
1) 20 1| + ( )
2) * | + ( )

Solution: 1). For any two vectors [ ] [ ] and a scalar

We have [ ] [ ] [ ]

and [ ] [ ] , hence is a subspace of ( )

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2). Since implies is not a subspace of ( ).
OR: Take but Hence is not a subspace of ( )
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Question 4: [4+4+4= 12 Marks]
(a) Show that the vector ( ) is a linear combination of the vectors ( ) and
( ).

Solution: Let ( ) ( )

{ .

Verification: As ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Hence is a linear combination of vectors and
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(b) Determine whether the set * + forms a basis for ( )

Solution: Since | | ( ( )) therefore, the given set will form a basis for ( ) if is
either linearly independent or Span ( )
We choose to verify the linearly independence of the set .
Consider the determinant for the coefficient matrix of elements of .

| | ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ( ))

It shows that the given set is linearly dependent and hence does not form a basis for ( )
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 (c) Find a basis and dimension for the subspace *( )| +

Solution: For any element ( ) , we have and hence

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
It shows that the subspace is span by the set *( )( )+ Also, it is easy to see that;
is linearly independent and hence it forms a basis for Clearly, dim( )
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Question 5: [3+3+3+3 = 12 Marks]

(a) Find a basis and the dimension of row space and column space of the following matrix.

[ ]

Solution: The matrix [ ]

[ ]

[ ]( )

[ ]( )

Hence basis row space of *( )( )+

and basis for column space of *( )( )+
Clearly, dim(Row space of )=dim(Column space of )=2.
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(b) Consider the function defined by; ( ) ( )
Show that the given function is a linear transformation.

Solution: For any vector ( ) and a scalar

We have, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Also, for any two vectors; ( ) ( ) . We have,
( ) ( ) ( ( ) ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Hence is a linear transformation.
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 (c) Consider the linear transformation defined by; ( )
Find the kernel “ ( )”and nullity “ ( )” for the given linear transformation;

Solution: For any vector, ( ) ( ).

We have, ( ) ( )
Now ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) *( )+
Also, the set *( )+ is a linearly independent set and hence it forms a basis for ( )
Clearly, dim( ( )) ( )
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(d) Find the eigenvalues of the following matrix.
0 1.

Solution: The characteristic equation is ( )

. 0 1 0 1/

.0 1/
( )( ) ( )
( )( )

are the required eigenvalues of

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