THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

2023/24 Academic year

MA110: MATHEMATICAL METHODS

Tutorial sheet 11
1. If the measurement is given in degrees-minute-second form, Change it to decimal form to the
nearest one –hundredth of a degree. If the measurement is given in decimal form, change it to
degree-minute-second form.

a) 14° 30′ b) 62° 15′ c) 8° 45′18′′ d) 35° 50′30′′ e) 114.6° f) 73.47°

2. Each angle is expressed in radians. Change each angle to degrees without using a calculator.
2𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 7𝜋
a) 5
𝑟𝑎𝑑 b) 2
c) 12
d) − 6

3. Change each angle to radians. Do not use a calculator.

a) 120° b)300° c)−330° d)−570°

4. a) Find, to the nearest tenth of an inch, the length of the arc intercepted by a central angle of
2𝜋⁄ radians given that a radius of the circle is 22 inches long.
3

b) Find, to the nearest tenth of meter, the length of the arc intercepted by a central angle of
130° radians given that a radius of the circle is 8 meters long.

c) What is the length of an arc which subtends an angle of 0.8 rad at the centre of the circle of

radius 10𝑐𝑚

d) An arc of the circle subtends an angle of 0.5 rad at the centre . Find the radius of the circle, if

the length of the arc is 3 𝑐𝑚

e) The chord 𝐴𝐵 of the circle subtends an angle of 60° at the centre . What is the ratio of the

chord to the arc 𝐴𝐵 ?

5. a) Show that the length of an arc is 𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃

 1
b) Show that the area of the sector of a circle with radius 𝑟 is 𝐴 = 2 𝑟 2 𝜃

1
c) Show that the area of the segment in a circle of radius 𝑟 is 𝐴 = 2 𝑟 2 (𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)

1
d) Show that the area of the triangle is 𝐴 = 2 𝑎𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶

6. (i) A sector of a circle of radius r cm contains an angle of 1.2radians. Given that the sector has the
same perimeter as a square of area 36𝑐𝑚2 , find the value of 𝑟 .

(ii) The arc 𝐴𝐵 of a circle, centre 𝑂 and radius 𝑟 cm , is such that < 𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 0.5 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 . Given

that the perimeter of the minor sector AOB is 30 cm

a) Calculate the value of r.

b) Show that the area of the minor sector AOB is 36 c𝑚2

c) Calculate the area of the segment enclosed by the chord AB and the minor arc AB

7. (i) Suppose that a 20-foot ladder is leaning a against a building and makes an angle of 60° with the

ground. How far upon the building does the top of the ladder reach?

(ii) Point 𝑃 is on the terminal side of (𝑥, 𝑦) , and 𝜃 is a positive angle in standard position and
less than 360° . Draw 𝜃 , and determine the values of the six trigonometric functions of 𝜃.

a) 𝑃(3, −4) b) 𝑃 (−5,12) c)𝑃 (12,5) d) 𝑃 (−1. −1)

(iii) Point 𝑃 is on the terminal side of 𝜃, and 𝜃 is in standard position and 0° > 𝜃 > −360°

Draw and determine the values of the six trigonometric functions of 𝜃.

a) 𝑃(2,4) b) 𝑃(1, −3) c) 𝑃(0, −1) d) 𝑃(−1,0)

8. Determine sin 𝜃 , cos 𝜃 and tan 𝜃 for the following

𝜋 11𝜋
a) 𝜃 = −210° b) 𝜃 = 660° c) − 4 = 𝜃 d) 𝜃= 4
9. Complete the following table

𝜃 IN
𝜃 RADIANS SIN 𝜃 COS 𝜃 tan 𝜃 csc 𝜃 sec 𝜃 cot 𝜃
°
0
30°
45°
60°
90°
180°
270°

9. a) Find sin 𝜃 if the terminal side of 𝜃 lies on the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 in the third quadrant .

b) Find cos 𝜃 if the terminal side of 𝜃 lies on the line 𝑦 = −𝑥 in the second quadrant.

c) Find tan 𝜃 if the terminal side of 𝜃 lies on the line 𝑦 = −2𝑥 in the fourth quadrant.
4
10. a) If sin 𝜃 = − 5 and the terminal side of 𝜃 is in the fourth quadrant , find cos 𝜃 and tan 𝜃.

5
b) If tan 𝜃 = − and the terminal side of 𝜃 is in the second quadrant, find sin 𝜃 and cos 𝜃.
12

4
c) If cos 𝜃 = − 5 and the terminal side of 𝜃 is in the third quadrant , find sin 𝜃 and cot 𝜃.

11. a) The area of a triangle is 10𝑐𝑚2 . The angle between two of the sides, of length 6cm and 8cm

respectively, is obtuse. Work out :

i) The size of this angle

ii ) The length of the third side.

b) In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐴𝐵 = 10𝑐𝑚, 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑎√3 𝑐𝑚, 𝐴𝐶 = 5√13 cm and < 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 150° .Calculate :

i) The value of 𝑎

ii) The exact area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶

c). In a triangle , the largest side has length 2cm and one of the other side’s has length √2 cm .

Given that the area of the triangle is 1𝑐𝑚2 , show that the triangle is right –angled and

isosceles.

b) The longest side of a triangle has length (2𝑥 − 1)𝑐𝑚. The other sides have lengths
(𝑥 − 1)𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑥 + 1)𝑐𝑚 .Given that the largest angle is 120° , Work out:
 i) the value of 𝑥 and
ii) the area of the triangle.

12. a) Prove the 𝑠𝑖𝑛e rule for a general triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶

b) Prove the 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 rule for a general triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶

𝐴 𝐴 𝑠(𝑠−𝑎)
c) In the cosine rule, substitute 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2 − 1, and hence prove that 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 = √{ 𝑏𝑐
}

1
where 𝑠 = 2 (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)

𝐴 𝐴 𝑠−𝑏)(𝑠−𝑐)
d) In the cosine rule, substitute 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 = 1 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 , and hence prove that 𝑐𝑜𝑠 = √{ }
2 2 𝑏𝑐

13. a) A function 𝑓 is an even function if 𝑓(−𝜃) = 𝑓(𝜃) .

A function 𝑓 is odd function if 𝑓(−𝜃) = −𝑓(𝜃).

Given that 𝜃 is an acute angle measured in degrees, express in terms of 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ,𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 and 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

and state whether 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ,𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 and 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 are odd or even functions.
i) sin(−𝜃) ii) cos(−𝜃) iii) tan(−𝜃)
b) Simplify each of the following expressions :
1
i) 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2 𝜃 ii) 5𝑠𝑖𝑛2 3𝜃 + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 3𝜃 iii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 − 1

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 √1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 √1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2 3𝐴

iv) iii) iv)
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 √1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 3𝐴

v) 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝜃 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃

c) Given that 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃, find the value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

d) Given that 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦, express 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 in terms of 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
e) . Using the identities 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 ≡ 1 and / or tan 𝐴 ≡ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 ≠ 0) , prove that :

1
i) (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2 ≡ 1 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ≡ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

1 1
iii)𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 ≡ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 iv) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 ≡ 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 − 1 ≡ 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴

v) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑦

14.

In the diagram, ABCD is a square of side a and AFE is a sector of a circle center A and
a 2a 2
angle 2. Show that AE = and AE 2
.
cos4    1  sin 2

Given that the area of the sector is half the area of the square, deduce that
1  sin 2  4 . Writing this equation in the form 1  sin x  2x , draw the graphs of

y  1  sin x and y  2 x for 0  x  to find an approximate value of x and hence
2
of .