General Mathematics

(Advanced Algebra, Basic Business Mathematics and Logic)

Deevurah Debbie Compra Albia

 How is general
mathematics
used in everyday
life?
FUNCTIONS
and
RELATIONS
 Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you are
expected to:
1) determine whether or not an ordered
pair or an arrow diagram represents a
function;
2) tell whether a table of values or an
equation is a function or a relation;
3) use vertical line test to tell whether a
graph is a function or a mere relation.
The difference between
relation and function
RELATIONS FUNCTIONS
Is a rule that Is a relation
relates values from where each
a set of values element in the
(called the domain) domain is related to
to a second set of only one value in
values (called the the range by some
range). rule.
The difference between
relation and function
RELATIONS FUNCTIONS
The elements of The elements of
the domain can be the domain can be
imagined as input to a imagined as input to a
machine that applies a machine that applies a
rule to these inputs to rule so that each input
generate one or more corresponds to only
outputs. one output.
The difference between
relation and function
RELATIONS FUNCTIONS
A relation is Is a set of
also a set of ordered pairs �, �
ordered pairs such that no two
�, � . ordered pairs have
the same x-values
but different y-
values.
 Function
A function is a relation defined
as a set of ordered pairs (x, y) where
no two or more distinct ordered pairs
have the same first element (x); that
is, every value of x corresponds to a
unique value of y. A function can be
named using any letter of the English
alphabet.
 Function
Using functional
notation, we can write
f(x) = y, read as “f of x is
equal to y.”
 WAYS TO EXPRESSED
A FUNCTION
1) Set of Ordered Pairs
2) Table of Values
3) Mapping
4) Graph
5) Equation
Functions and
relations
represented by
set of ordered
pairs
Exercise 1
Functions and relations represented by ordered pairs

Directions: Tell whether or not each of the

following relations describes a function.
Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

{(1, 2), (3, 5), (4, 6), (5, 5)}

FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by ordered pairs

Directions: Tell whether or not each of the

following relations describes a function.
Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

{(0, 5), (0, 4), (3, 0), (2, 0)}

NOT A FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by ordered pairs

Directions: Tell whether or not each of the

following relations describes a function.
Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

{(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (7, 8)}

FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by ordered pairs

Directions: Tell whether or not each of the

following relations describes a function.
Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

(-1, -1), (2, 5), (1, 0)

NOT A FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by ordered pairs

Directions: Tell whether or not each of the

following relations describes a function.
Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

{(-1, -1), (0, 0), (2, 2), (3, 3)}

FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by ordered pairs

Directions: Tell whether or not each of the

following relations describes a function.
Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

{(-2, 5), (-2, 4), (2, 3), (2, 6)}

NOT A FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by ordered pairs

Directions: Tell whether or not each of the

following relations describes a function.
Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

{(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)}

FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by ordered pairs

Directions: Tell whether or not each of the

following relations describes a function.
Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

{(0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 5)}

NOT A FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by ordered pairs

Directions: Tell whether or not each of the

following relations describes a function.
Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

{(4, 5), (5, 5), (6, 7), (7, 8)}

FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by ordered pairs

Directions: Tell whether or not each of the

following relations describes a function.
Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

{(5, 5), (6, 6), (5, 7), (8, 8), (9, 8)}

NOT A FUNCTION
Functions and
relations
represented by
table of values
 A table of values is
commonly observed when
describing a function. This
shows the correspondence
between a set of values of �
and a set of values of � in
tabular form.
Example:

x 0 1 4 9 16
y -5 -4 -1 4 11
Example:

� �
x -1 − 0 1
� �
� �
y -1 − 0 1
� �
Exercise 2
Functions and relations represented by table of values
Directions: Determine whether or not each of the
following tables of values is a function. Write “Function” or
“Mere Relation”.

FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by table of values
Directions: Determine whether or not each of the
following tables of values is a function. Write “Function” or
“Mere Relation”.

MERE RELATION
Functions and relations represented by table of values
Directions: Determine whether or not each of the
following tables of values is a function. Write “Function” or
“Mere Relation”.

MERE RELATION
Functions and relations represented by table of values
Directions: Determine whether or not each of the
following tables of values is a function. Write “Function” or
“Mere Relation”.

FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by table of values
Directions: Determine whether or not each of the
following tables of values is a function. Write “Function” or
“Mere Relation”.

MERE RELATION
Functions and relations represented by table of values
Directions: Determine whether or not each of the
following tables of values is a function. Write “Function” or
“Mere Relation”.

FUNCTION
Functions and
relations
represented by
mapping
diagrams
Mapping Diagram
A function can also be
expressed as a
correspondence or mapping
of two nonempty set.
Types of mapping diagrams
Types of mapping diagrams
Types of mapping diagrams
Types of mapping diagrams
Exercise 3
 Functions and relations represented by mapping
Directions: Determine whether or not each mapping
diagram represents a function. Write “Function” or “Relation”.

RELATION
 Functions and relations represented by mapping
Directions: Determine whether or not each mapping
diagram represents a function. Write “Function” or “Relation”.

FUNCTION
 Functions and relations represented by mapping
Directions: Determine whether or not each mapping
diagram represents a function. Write “Function” or “Relation”.

FUNCTION
 Functions and relations represented by mapping
Directions: Determine whether or not each mapping
diagram represents a function. Write “Function” or “Relation”.

FUNCTION
Functions and
relations
represented by
equations
Functions and relations represented by table of values
Directions: Which of the following equations are functions?
Which are not? Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

y = 2x + 5

FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by table of values
Directions: Which of the following equations are functions?
Which are not? Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

y 2 = x 2 +7

NOT A FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by table of values
Directions: Which of the following equations are functions?
Which are not? Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

y= x 2 +5

FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by table of values
Directions: Which of the following equations are functions?
Which are not? Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

� = 3� − 5

FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by table of values
Directions: Which of the following equations are functions?
Which are not? Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

� =± 5� − 3

NOT A FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by table of values
Directions: Which of the following equations are functions?
Which are not? Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

y 2 = x 2 +7

NOT A FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by table of values
Directions: Which of the following equations are functions?
Which are not? Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

y 3 + x 4 =4

FUNCTION
Functions and relations represented by table of values
Directions: Which of the following equations are functions?
Which are not? Write “Function” or “Not a Function”.

y 5 = x 4 -1

FUNCTION
Functions and
relations
represented by
graph
 Recall that in a function, every
value of the independent variable,
say x, corresponds to a unique
value of the dependent variable, y.
Therefore, any vertical line drawn
through the graph of a function
must intersect the graph at exactly
one point. This is known as the
vertical line test for a function.
 Functions and relations represented by graph
Direction: Use the vertical line test to determine whether or not
each graph represents a function. Write “Function” or “Not
Function”.

FUNCTION
 Functions and relations represented by graph
Direction: Use the vertical line test to determine whether or not
each graph represents a function. Write “Function” or “Not
Function”.

FUNCTION
 Functions and relations represented by graph
Direction: Use the vertical line test to determine whether or not
each graph represents a function. Write “Function” or “Not
Function”.

NOT FUNCTION
 Functions and relations represented by graph
Direction: Use the vertical line test to determine whether or not
each graph represents a function. Write “Function” or “Not
Function”.

FUNCTION
 Functions and relations represented by graph
Direction: Use the vertical line test to determine whether or not
each graph represents a function. Write “Function” or “Not
Function”.

NOT FUNCTION