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    atomic-structure

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    atomic struture notes

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    atomic-structure

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    atomic struture notes

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    atomic struture notes

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    3 views3 pages

    atomic-structure

    Uploaded by

    aalokukriane
    atomic struture notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    ATOMIC STRUCTURE

    ELEMENTS:
    The simplest from of a substance which can’t further be broken down into
    simpler from by any chemical means

    ATOMS
    An atom is the smallest part of an element that can take part in a chemical
    change.
    Atoms are very small. The diameter of a hydrogen atom is approximately 10-10
    m and its weight is 1.67 x 10-27 kg.

    The structure of Atoms:


    Every atom has nearly all of its mass concentrated in a tiny region in the
    center of the atoms called the nucleus
    • NUCLEUS:
    The nucleus is made up of particles called nucleons. There are two
    types of nucleon:
    1. PROTON:
    2. NEUTRONS

    Atoms are tiny, but the nucleus of an atom is far tinier. If the diameter of an
    atom were size of football stadium. Then the nucleus would be the size of a pea in
    the middle.

    Alpha-particle:
    The nucleus of helium after removal of 2e-

    Observation of Rutherford particle experiment:


    1. Most of the alpha particle fired at gold foil or gold atoms passed
    through it without any deflection.
    Conclusion: atoms contains a lot of empty spaces.
    2. Alpha particles passing close to the center deflected away
    Conclusion: center of atoms is positively charged
    3. Approximately 1 out of 10,000 particles fired at gold atom
    returned back
    Conclusion: the positively charged center is very small compared
    to size of an atom
    SUB-ATOMIC PARTICLE:
    SUB ATOMIC SUMBOL RELATIVE MASS RELATIVE
    PATICLES CHARGE
    electron e 1/1836 -1
    neutron n 1u 0
    proton p 1u +1

    Proton number(z)
    Number of protons present in an atom
    Nucleon number(A)
    The sum of number of protons and neutron
    No of neutron = nucleon no – proton no
    Practice question
    Use the information in the table to deduce the number of electrons and
    neutrons in neutral atom of:
    Atoms nucleon number Proton number
    vanadium 51 23
    strontium 84 38
    phosphorus 31 15

    Representation of elements in periodic table:


    Nucleon no
    40 Ca symbol of elements
    20

    Atomic number
    14 N3- no of electrons gained during reaction
    7

    27 N3+ no of electrons lost during rection


    13

    Practice question
    Find no of electron in HCO3-
    answer: 32

    ISOTOPES
    Atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons is called
    isotopes
    Isotopes have small chemical property but different physical property

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