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Borg El Arab Technological University
Introduction to Cyber Security

‫مقدمة األمن السيبراني‬
1st Level – 1st Semester 2024-2025
‫ أشرف عبدالعزيز طه‬.‫أستاذ مساعد د‬

Course Content in Lectures
• Chapter 1 - Introduction
• Chapter 2 - Classical Encryption/Decryption Techniques
• Chapter 3 - Modern Encryption/Decryption Techniques
• Chapter 4 - Attacks and Prevention Techniques
• Chapter 5 - Virus and Antivirus
2
Chapter 1- Introduction
– Introduction to Security
– Cyber Security
– Categories of Cyber Security
– Importance of Cyber Security
– Types of Cyber Threats
3
Introduction to Security
4
• Definition of Computer Security
The protection provided to a system in order to
attain the integrity, availability, and confidentiality
of information system resources
5
Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Data and Services
6
•Confidentiality
• Data confidentiality: confidential information is not
made available to unauthorized persons.
• Privacy: Users control what information related to
them to collect and store.
•Integrity
• Data integrity: information and programs are
changed only in a specified and authorized manner
• System integrity: system performs its function free
from unauthorized manipulation
•Availability
• Systems work on time and service is provided to
authorized users
7
• Security attack:
Any action that caused dangerous to the security of information.
• Security mechanism:
A process designed to detect, prevent, or recover from a
security attack.
• Security service:
A processing or communication service that enhanced the
security of the data processing systems and the information
transfers.
• Note terms
• Threat: a potential for violation of system security.
• Attack: an assault on system security 8
Security Attacks
•Passive attacks
Unauthorized reading of a message and traffic analysis.
•Active attacks
Modification of messages or files, and denial of service.
9
Passive Attacks
• Type 1: Release of message contents
• Type 2: Traffic analysis
Very difficult to detect; no alteration of data
10
Passive Attacks
11
Passive Attacks
12
Active Attacks
• Modification of transmitted data or creating false data
• Type 1: Masquerade
• pretend to be a different entity
• Type 2: Replay
• capture data for subsequent retransmission
• Type 3: Modification of message
• some portion of legitimate message is altered
• Type 4: Denial of service
• disruption of network by disabling or overloading
13
Active Attacks
14
Active Attacks
15
Active Attacks
16
Active Attacks
17
Model for Network Security
18
Model for Network Security
Four tasks in designing a particular security service

1. Design an algorithm for the security-related transformation.
2. Create the secret information to be used with the algorithm.
3. Develop methods to distribute and share the secret information
4. Specify a protocol to be used by the users.
19
Cyber Security
20
Cyber Security
• Cyber security is the practice of defending
computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic
systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks.
• It's also known as information technology security

or electronic information security.
21
Categories of Cyber Security
22
• The categories of Cyber Security:
1. Network security is securing a computer network from
intruders, whether attackers or malware.
2. Application security focuses on keeping software and

devices free of threats. Successful security begins in the design.
3. Information security protects the integrity and privacy of

data, both in storage and in transit.
23
4. Operational security
The processes and decisions for handling and protecting data.
5. Disaster recovery and business continuity

Define how an organization responds to the loss of operations/data.
6. End-user education
By mistake, Anyone can introduce a virus to a secure system.
Teaching users to delete suspicious email attachments,
Not plug in unidentified USB drives,
and other important lessons are vital for the security.
24
Importance of Cyber Security
 Cyber attacks affect all people.
 Fast changes in technology will cause a boom in cyberattacks.
 Damage to businesses and loss of jobs.
 Cyber security threats faced by individuals.
 Cyber concerns may result in increased regulations.
25
Types of Cyber Threats
1. Cybercrime ‫الجرائم اإللكترونية‬
Includes single actors or groups targeting systems for financial gain

or to cause disruption.
2. Cyber-attack ‫الهجوم السيبراني‬
Involves politically motivated information gathering.
3. Cyberterrorism ‫اإلرهاب السيبراني‬
Intended to undermine electronic systems to cause panic or fear.
26

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Borg El Arab Technological University

Introduction to Cyber Security

‫ أشرف عبدالعزيز طه‬.‫أستاذ مساعد د‬

• Chapter 2 - Classical Encryption/Decryption Techniques

• Chapter 3 - Modern Encryption/Decryption Techniques

• Chapter 4 - Attacks and Prevention Techniques

• Chapter 5 - Virus and Antivirus

– Categories of Cyber Security

– Importance of Cyber Security

– Types of Cyber Threats

• Type 1: Release of message contents

• Type 2: Traffic analysis

Very difficult to detect; no alteration of data

Four tasks in designing a particular security service

2. Create the secret information to be used with the algorithm.

3. Develop methods to distribute and share the secret information

4. Specify a protocol to be used by the users.

• It's also known as information technology security

2. Application security focuses on keeping software and

3. Information security protects the integrity and privacy of

5. Disaster recovery and business continuity

 Cyber attacks affect all people.

 Fast changes in technology will cause a boom in cyberattacks.

 Damage to businesses and loss of jobs.

 Cyber security threats faced by individuals.

 Cyber concerns may result in increased regulations.

1. Cybercrime ‫الجرائم اإللكترونية‬

Includes single actors or groups targeting systems for financial gain

2. Cyber-attack ‫الهجوم السيبراني‬

Involves politically motivated information gathering.

3. Cyberterrorism ‫اإلرهاب السيبراني‬

Intended to undermine electronic systems to cause panic or fear.

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