Basic Philosophical Perspective Functions of Art

1. Art as MIMESIS (Plato) 1. Personal or Individual Expression

- mimesis = imitation - personal reasons
- representation of nature - express emotions
2. Art as representation (Aristotle) - unique perspectives
- art is imitation 2. Social Commentary and Advocacy
- representation of human actions - Societal issues
3. Art for arts Sake (Immanuel Kant) 3. Economic Value
- purposeless - economic
4. Art asan expression ot emotion 4. Historical Documentation
(Telstoys) - historical record
- communication of feelings from artist to - preserving cultural heritage
viewer 5. Structural Foundations
- emotional experience - traditional aesthetics
Genres of Arts - Imbuing spaces
a. Visual - eyes 6. Aesthetic Enhancement
1. Graphic - 2 dimensional - visually captivating
2. Plastic - 3 dimensional - engaging environments
b. Performing - enaging movement 7. Therapeutic and healing
c. Literary - art of language - therapeutic benefits
d. Popular - tv, film, newspaper, 8. Catharsis and Emotional Release
contemporary - provide means to release emotions
e. Gustatory - culinary 9. Cultural Preservation
f. decorative - objects crafted - preserving traditions
g. digital arts- technology - Strengthe ning cultural
h. Street art and grafitti- public places 10 • Entertainment and Recreation
i. performace- live presentations - bringing joy, escape
j. installation- immersive - MOA 11. Educational Tool
k. video- video technology - learners to engage
l. Virtual Reality- digital worlds
m. bio art - living organisms. Art through the Ages A Concise
n. sound art - sound and noises Historical Journey

Definition of Art Cave Art (or Paleolithic Art)- earliest known art-
Dostoevsky - eating and drinking making in human history
Nietzsche- coping with the world
Oscar Wilde - individualism Venus of Willendorf - sculpture of a woman with
John Dewey - attitude of spirit plato - life in exaggerated female features including breasts,
harmony hips, and pubic area.
Value Of Art 1.
Hedonistic Theory - it must Lascaux Cave - one of the most impressive in the
communicate some thing Paleolithic period.
2. Moralistic / Platonic - representation of
3. Intellectualistic - apprehension of truth Hall of Bulls
- it supported the view that certain areas in
Assumptions on Arts ancient caves were used as gathering
1. Universality of Art - connects people 2. Art
places
as Distinct from Nature - reflects nature
- a painting featuring a large number of
3. Essence of Experiential Art - personal
experience prehistoric animals.

Classical Art encompasses the cultures of

Greece and Rome and endures as the
cornerstone of Western civilization.
The Spearbearer Both Impressionism and
Polykleitos Post-Impressionism refer to influential artistic
- a prominent Greek sculptor, created a movements arising in late
sculptural 19th-century France.
- absolutely balanced and harmonious
dimensions Post-Impressionism
- greatest male sculptor - is a term used to describe the reaction in
Colosseum - largest amphitheater in the Roman the 1880s against
world. Impressionism.
Renaissance is a French word, deriving its origins - It was led by Paul Cézanne, Paul
from the Italian word rinascita, which means Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh and Georges
"rebirth". Seurat.
Realism which depicted the human form with
Neo-Impressionists invented a new painting
anatomical correctness.
technique known as pointillism (from the French
Primary characteristics Renaissance word "point," or "dot")

Naturalism Symbolism
- evolved from the development of how - focused on the abstract use of symbols to
artists studied the human form. express the spiritual reality behind the
Contrapposto physical world.
- enhanced the realism of figures and the - Art Nouveau is considered a subspecies
way they stood, making the composition of Symbolism.
more fluid and life-like.
- "counterpoise". Expressionism
Chiaroscuro - "light- - was an artistic movement that emerged in
dark". Germany after World War I.
- It involves the play between color contrasts - Influenced by Primitivism and
of light and dark Nietzschean philosophy
Sfumato
The Scream - is autobiographical, an
- related to the word smoky, soft, or blurry.
expressionistic construction
Linear perspective (also called one-point
Fauvism reacted against impressionism and used
perspective) and the vanishing point were two
bright colors and strong lines and contrast.
important techniques
Cubism and futurism were related
Mannerism launched a highly imaginative period movements that vied
in art
The Subject and Content of Art
Caravaggio dubbed "the father of the Baroque” Subject
- represented in a work of art. - what the work
Neoclassicism developed first after the of art depicts.
excesses of the Rococo and Baroque periods - refer to the thing represented

Napoleon established the Louvre in France as Content

one of the first major public museums - emotional or intellectual message of an
artwork.
The Gleaners serves as something of a feminine - it is the meaning of the art.
pendant to Courbets.
 Shape - created when a line becomes
connected. (2-D)
Ways of Presenting the Subject
1. Realism- appear in real life.
Form. - 3D
2. Abstraction- takes a departure from
reality.
Space- It is divided into 3 parts: foreground,
3.Surrealism - goes beyond realism and exist in
middle ground, and background.
dreams and fantasies.
4.Symbolism - symbolize deeper meanings.
Texture- object actually feels.
5.Fauvism - employs vibrant, bold colors to
convey emotions and sensations 6. Dadaism - Color- light reflected in an object, basic element in
unsettling ways. painting
7.Expressionism - emphasizes emotions and
evoke intense feelings. Principles of Design
8.Impressionism- captures the artist's impression
Harmony
Factors Influencing Artistic Style - put together to come up with a coherent
1. Geographical Factors profound whole.
impact on their creations. Balance
2.. Historical Factors - Known as physical equilibrium,
Historical events weave into an artist's perspective Rhythm
3. Social Factors - It is the repetitive pattern
Society and interpersonal connections significantly Proportion
influence artistic expression. - It is the comparative relationship
4. Ideational Factors Movement
- It is a particular rhythmic flow of an object
Ideas proposed by influential figures impact
Contrast.
artistry.
- It is used to differentiate between two
5. Psychological Factors (Mindset) Artists'
psychological states can imbue their work. things
6. Technical Factors Gradation
Techniques wielded by artists shape their style. - a series of gradual changes
Variety
7. Political Factors
- concerned with diversity or contrast
Political forces wield influence over art.
8. Economic Factors
Financial and resource availability affect an artist's
choices.

Two Categories of Style

1. the classic and the romantic,

2. the tragic and the comic.

Elements of Art
- building blocks and key components of a
work of art.
Line. It is a connection between dots or
a.Horizontal line is relaxing
b.Vertical line self-restraint
Medium and Technique in Art - Bring out the intended aesthetic
message
Medium
- Commonly used for indoor
- refers to the materials used to sculpture
create a work of art 4. Metal
- pertains to the means convey the - Can use to create realistic abstract
artist message through;
- it is essential for appreciating the - Casting – pouring molten metal
work of an artist into a mold
- Forging – shaping metal and
Technique increasing length by hammering or
- pertains to the artist method of pressing
employing skills and materials to achieve - Welding – joining metallic parts
his/her desire goal - Bronze – metal most commonly
- convey his/her visions through the used
work of art B. Sound
Ex. - are modern versions of three
Mona Liza dimensional structures
- allow viewers to interact with them
- Leonardo da Vinci from various perspective
- Used sfumato=sfumare or to tone - Notable artist are Alexander
down/evaporate like smoke Calder, Harry Bertoia, Bill Fontana
- For a highly illusionistic rendering -
of facial features and atmospheric effects
C. Light
Starry Night
- unique types of 3 dimensional
- Vincent van Gogh - Use artificial, natural, or a combination of
- Used impasto=mixture both types of light
- Thickly paint the brushstrokes or - Light Sculptors are James Turrell, Olafur
palette knife marks are visible Eliasson and Dan Flavin – the creator of
light scuptures using flruorescent
Campbells Soup Cans
- Andy Warhol Soul Making
- Used appropriation technique= to - Can have different meanings depending
borrow or copy preexisting images and on the situation
objects 1. Authenticity and Individuality
- For a new perspective on the work - Promotes strong bond of artist and artwork
of art 2. Transformation and Personal
Development
Media Used in the Painting and - Artist may use their creative process as a
Sculpture means of catharsis, healing and self
awareness
Most prominent material in sculpture; 3. Spiritual Exploration
1. Stone - Connecting ones inner self
- Primary use in sculpture for 4. Resilience and Embracing Imperfection
thousand years - Encourages embracing imperfections and
- Practicality and availability mistakes
- Granite , marble, limestone 5. Connection and empathy
2. Clay - Bridge that connects individuals
- Most fundamental sculptural 6. Embracing Ambiguity
materials - Explore nuances emotions and ideas
- Versatility and ease modeling for 7. Liberation and Expression of the
beginners and seasoned scupltors Unconcious
3. Wood - Can lead to powerful and transformative
- Can be carved and shaped artistic expressions
 8. Honoring the present moment Art Critism
- Celebrates that art is the reflection of the
Persistence of Memory
artist inner self
9. Social and Cultural Commentary - Salvador Dali
- Challenge norms, provoke thought - Description
10. Legacy and Immortality
- Can convey their essence, emotions and Saturn Devouring His Sons
ideas - Francisco Goya
Example of Soulmaking; - Analysis

1. Crafting Images The Scream

2. Crafting Stories - Edvard Munch
3. Crafting Instruments - Interpretation
4. Crafting Movements
5. Crafting Techniques Esther
- Andrea del Castagano
- Judgement
 8. Uwang Ahadas
- Musician Yakan Lamitan
Artist and the Aritisan
- Basilan 2000
Artist 9. Darhata Sawabi
- Textile Weaver Tausug Parang
- Someone who makes art - Sulu 2004
- Who creates,practices and demonstrates 10. Eduardo Mutuc
art like painting, sculpture or writing - Metalsmith Kapampangan Apalit
Artisan - Pampanga 2004
11. Haja Amina Appi
- Concentrate and improving their abilities in - Mat Weaver Sama Tandubas
craftmanship - Tawi- tawi 2004
- Main goal is to create beautiful, expertly 12. Teofilo Garcia
constructed products - Casque Maker Ilocano
- Their products are for decorations and - San Quintin, Abra 2012
practical uses 13. Magdalena Gamayo
- Textile Weaver
7 classical forms of art:
- Ilocano Pinili, Ilocos Norte 2012
1.Painting 14. Ambalang Ausali
- Textile Weaver
2.Sculpture - 2016 born March 4 1943
3.Literature 15. Estelita Bantilan
- Mat Weaver
4. Architecture - 2016 born October 17 1940
16. Yabing Masalon Dulo
5. Cinema
- Ikat Weaver
6. Music - 2016 born August 8 1914

7. Theater Indigenous Craft

GAMABA – Gawad sa Manlilikha Bayan - Refer to the traditional and artistic skills
Awardees: and techniques passed down through
generations within indigenous
1. Ginaw Bilog communities
- Poet Hanunuo Mangyan Panaytayan - Spirituality and symbolism
- Oriental Mindoro 1993
2. Masino Intaray Indigenous Crafts include :
- Musician and Storyteller Palawan Brookes
1. Handicrafts
Point
2. Textiles
- Palawan 1993
3. Jewelry
3. Samaon Silaiman
4. Ritual and Ceremonial Artifacts
- Musician Magindanao Mamasa Pano
5. Visual Art
- Maguindanao 1993
6. Pottery and Ceramics
4. Lang Dulay
7. Instruments
- Textile Weaver T,boli Lake Sebu
- South Cotabato 1998 Okir Art
5. Salinta Monon
- Textile Weaver Tagabawa Bagobo Okir
Bansalan - refers to rectilinear and curvilinear plant
- Davao del Sur 1998 based design and folk motifs found in
6. Alonzo Saclag Moro and Lumad.
- Musician and Dancer Kalinga Lubuagan - Can be found in torogan and the
- Kalinga 2000 prominent part is panalong which is their
7. Federico Caballero ancestral communal
- Epic Chanter Sulod
- Bukidnon Calinog
- Iloilo 2000
 Art in Thailand
Okir Art - Mostly focused in buddhism
- Contemporary art is the most varied and
- is a traditional art form specially in the
skilled in Southeast asia
Mindanao.
- Characterized by its geometric designs Art in Philippines
and patterns
- Pottery is the first artistic forms utilized by
Purpose of Okir Art the indigenous people
- Manunggul Jar from Palawan is the most
- It is the symbol of power and prestige
remarkable creation.
usually associated in festivities
- Weaving is one of the artistic
2 types of okir manifestations
- Social Realism and Nationaist perspective
Male design = okir a dato became a model
Female design = okir a bay Forms of Art Appropriation
Various Aspects of Okir Art 1. In making art from something already
- Cultural Significance created that is not art
- Geometric Patterns 2. Creating exact copies of existing works of
- Symbolism and Meanings art as seen in Sherie Levines photographs
- Traditional Techniques that mimic famous images
- Adaptation and Evolution 3. Modifying a work of art and turning it into
- Revival and Preservation something else
4. Appropriation of productions made by
Art in Asia amateurs
Chinese Art Improvisation Art
- Displayed considerable growth - Is the art of acting and reacting in the
- Their artist carved jade stone for purity present moment to ones surrounding.
and indestructibility, performing rituals and
protecting the dead in the tomb Improvisation known for following features:
- Their artist also known for their porcelain 1. Spontaneity - the ideas movemoents or
- Confucianism sounds that created on the spot
- 2 method of painting are gongbi and ink 2. Creativity – the imaginations and
and wash. originality that are used to explore new
- Travelers by Streams and Mountains possibilities
Art in Japan 3. Presence- the focus and engagement that
are required in the present moment
- Shintoism religion 4. Freedom and Flexibility- the freedom from
- Bring about harmony and balance fixed structure and rules enables to shape
- Minimalist art design the work as it goes along
- Under the Wave off Kanagawa 5. Intuition and Instinct- the reliance on inner
guidance and natral abilities
Indian Art
6. Emotional Expression- uses as a source
- Encompasses a variety of artistic works of inspiration and communication
- Their painting represented customs, ways
Different Manifestations of Improvisation
of life and concepts that have been in
early generations - Improvisation in music is the creation of
- Dancing Girl melodies, harmonies, rhythm, or lyrics on
the spot , usually based on a pre-existing
Art in Vietnam
framework or chord progression
- Includes words from the past and present - Improvisation in theater is the presence of
that were produced in Vietnam scenes or stories without written dialogue
- Absorbed several Chinese influence or ‘predetermined actions
 - Improvisation in dance is the movement of Types of Photography
the body without choreography or fixed
A. Nature Photography
patterns
- Improvisation in poetry in the writings or
1. Landscape
reciting of poem without preparation or
- Natural scene that both compelling
revision
2. Wildlife
- Improvisation in comedy is the making of
- Hazardous location, secluded area
jokes or humorous situations without a
3. Macro
script or a plan
- Focuses microscopic objects
FEATURED ARTIST: Jackson Pollock “ The 4. Underwater
featured has a life of its own. I try to let it - Not the most affordable technique
come through” 5. Astro
- Captivated by the universe
Installation Art
6. Aerial
- Site Specificity - Taken from the ground up
- Conceptualization 7. Scientific
- Perception of Space - A number of subgenres fall under this
category
Fusion in Art 8. Weather
1. Art fusion builds social media and blogger - Severe weather events
talk-value
2. Art fusion expands beyond the traditional
mmodel of advertising. B. People Photography
3. Art fusion increases desire and reduces
the need to sell 1. Portraiture
4. Art fusion reaches new and wider - Fine art photography, business and family
audiences setting
5. Art fusion infuses a brand with innovation 2. Wedding
and originality - Captures the bride and guest
3. Documentary
Photography - Particular moment or event in an effort
- Captures the beauty and meaning of the 4. Sports
world through images - Clear picture of athletes and actions
- It is way of communicating 5. Fashion
- It is an essesntial instrument for - stronger aesthetic focus
expression, archiving and communication 6. Commercial
- First used in 1830 by Sir John Hershel - Featuring products and brands
- - phos = light , graphein = to draw 7. Street
- First camera prototype was created plain - This reveals the unvarnished side of real
box that took hazy pictures life
8. Event
Rule of Thirds - The audience must receive just as much
attention as the production
- One of the most important first technique
9. Travel
- Most popular composition technique
- Equally well liked by the amateur and
- Two concepts behind this is dynamism
professional photographers
and balance
10. Newborn
- It has unique challenges that it poses, it
has its own unique set of criteria
11. Pet
- Different from wild photography since
pets are unquestionably domesticated
 C. Man-Made Photography Pageant Wagon – stage was mounted in a
1. Product wooden cart
- Commercial photographers that
Moro-moro – kind of play that depicts the lives,
specialized in product
loves , wars of Christian and Moors.
2. Food
- Try to present cruisine in the most Miss Saigon – it is popular musical theater
appetizing way production which started Lea Salonga
3. Still-Life
- Popular genre, set picture in a studio and Sebastian Serio
enhancing its aesthetic appeal - Released book on the development and
4. Architectural design of a novel style of court thater
- Includes cityscapes - “ the greater the hall, th more nearly will
5. Abstract the theater assume its perfect form”
- With deep aesthetic roots and avoid using
recognizable things as it primarily focus Elements of Theater
6. Fine-Art
1. Plot
- Focus on the photographer,their
2. Theme
abilities,preffered subject and the
3. Characters
statements they wish to convey
4. Dialogue
Theater and Theatrical Arts 5. Music/Rhythm
6. Spectacle
Theater
Additions
- Has been a corner stone of human
expression and story telling for centuries 1. Convention
2. Genre
Theatre 3. Audience
- Originates the word theatron Most Succesful Theater Productions
Theomai 1. Hamilton – 2015
- Means to view 2. The Phantom of the Opera – 1986
3. The Lion King – 1997
Theories of how it is started 4. Les Miserables 1980
5. Miss Saigon – 1991
1. The Great Man Theory
- One person genius The Importance of Art in Society
2. The Storytelling Theory
- Enhance storytelling through 1. Cultural Expression
impersonation 2. Social Commentary
3. Ritualist Theory 3. Emotional Impact
- Most accepted theory which hinted 4. Historical Documentation
religious rituals 5. Catharis and Healing
6. Aesthetic Appreciation
Egyptian Theater – kind of play depicts the life of
God Types of Art

Dithyrambs – ceremony that practiced by the 1. Visual Art

Greeks in order to thank the God of wine and 2. Performing Art
fertility, Dionysus 3. Literature
4. Film and Media
Ampitheater – means double theater 5. Street and Graffiti
6. Architecture
Liturgical Drama – drama that started when the
church began integrating play into the mass Social Realism Painting
Mystery Play – potrays biblical events like - Focusing and depicting the struggles and
nativity realities of working class and marginalized
communities
Protest Music Film and Literature
- Powerful tool for social and political Film – series of still images
activism
5 elements
Political Cartoons
1.Script – dialogue
- Form of visual satire that uses art to
2. Design- how everything looks
comment on political issues
3. Cinematography- capturing shots
Street and Graffiti
4. Editing- combining footage
- Serve as a form of public expression and
social commentary 5. Score – music accompanying the visuals
Importance of Digital and New Media Art Most important elements
1. Technological Exploration 1. Mise en scene – composition of all
2. Cultural Reflection elements
3. Accesibility and Global Reach 2. Cinematography - controlling how the
4. Interactivity and Participation audience views
5. Preservation of Digital Culture 3. Editing – manipulating how scenes form
6. Collaborative Potential together
4. Sound – background sound or dialogue
Type of Digital and New Media Art
recorded
1. Digital Paintings and Illustrations
Film Analysis
- Using digital tools like drawing tablets and
software - Process of examining elements and
2. Computer-Generated Imagery techniques on the film
- Generate graphics and animations
3. Video Art Types:
- Time based artworks exploring 1. Semiotic – interpretation of signs and
narrative,abstraction etc, symbols involving metaphors and
4. Interactive Installation analogies
- Allowing viewers to interact with the 2. Narrative – examination of story elements
artwork and considers the entirely of the film
5. Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality 3. Cultural/Historical – most common type
- Create immersive and interactive of analysis and its examination of film and
experiences cultural, historical, and theoretical
6. Net Art relationship
- Presented on the internet 4. Mise en scene – how filmmakers
7. Generative Art arranged compositional elements in a film
- Artist set rules and the computer
generates unique variations Literature
8. Data Visualization Art
- Multifaced realm expression
- Use data and information to create visual
representation General Types
9. Sound Art
- Utilized digital technologies to explore A. Prose – writing resembles everyday
sound as medium speech

Digital and New Media Art Classification of Prose

1. Selfie Harm - Narrative, Historical, Exploratory

- Renowed by Rankin
- Address the issue pf digital retouching and
the negative impact on selfie image
Types of Prose
1. Anecdote – humorous incident
2. Autobigraphy – story of own life
3. Biography – true account of real persons
life
4. Diary – intimate personal revelations
5. Essay- state personal opinions
6. Fable- deals like animals that speak like
people
7. History – written record in the past
8. Legend- fictitious narratives
9. Letter – directs revelation of a personality
10. Memoirs – account personal experiences
11. Myth- ostensibly historical events, unfold
part
12. Novel- long narrative prose
13. Oratory- highly impassioned speeches
14. Parable- illustrate religious truth
15. Play- story through dialogue and actions
16. Short Story- involves one or more
characters
17. Speech- written to be read aloud
18. Vignette - focus on one moment

B. Poetry
- Art form in which human language is used
Classification of Poetry
- Narrative, Lyric , Dramatic
Types of Poetry
1. Ode – poem on serious subject
2. Sonnet- composed 14 iambic pentameter
lines and deals with an emotion
3. Elegy- honor someone who died
4. Song- intended to be sung
5. Ballad- shortest and simple type
6. Epic – long narrative poem with hero
7. Metrical Romance – stories of knighthood
8. Metrical Tales- poetrys short story and
longer than ballad
9. Proverb- imparts wisdom
10. Epigram- witty or sarcastic
11. Dramatic Monologue- single speaker
who is not a poet utters the entire poem