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PP-DSE-PHY 1A–17 17
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List of data, formulae and relationships
Data
molar gas constant R = 8.31 J mol−1 K−1

Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1
acceleration due to gravity g = 9.81 m s−2 (close to the Earth)
universal gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2
speed of light in vacuum c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1
charge of electron e = 1.60 × 10−19 C
electron rest mass me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg
permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
permeability of free space µ0 = 4π × 10−7 H m−1
atomic mass unit u = 1.661 10−27 kg (1 u is equivalent to 931 MeV)
astronomical unit AU = 1.50 1011 m
light year ly = 9.46 1015 m
parsec pc = 3.09 1016 m = 3.26 ly = 206265 AU
Stefan constant σ = 5.67 10−8 W m−2 K−4
Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s
Rectilinear motion Mathematics
For uniformly accelerated motion : Equation of a straight line y = mx + c

Arc length =rθ
v = u + at
1 Surface area of cylinder = 2πrh + 2πr2
s = ut + at 2
2 Volume of cylinder = πr2h
v2 = u2 + 2as
Surface area of sphere = 4πr2
4 3
Volume of sphere = πr
3
For small angles, sin θ ≈ tan θ ≈ θ (in radians)
Astronomy and Space Science Energy and Use of Energy

GMm Q A(TH − TC )
U =− gravitational potential energy =k rate of energy transfer by conduction
r t d
P = σΑT 4 Stefan’s law k
U= thermal transmittance U-value
∆f v ∆λ d
≈ ≈ Doppler effect
f0 c λ0 1
P = ρAv 3 maximum power by wind turbine
2
Atomic World Medical Physics
1 1.22λ
me vmax 2 = hf − φ Einstein’s photoelectric equation θ≈ Rayleigh criterion (resolving power)
2 d
1  mee 4  13.6 power =
1
En = − 2  2 2
= − 2 eV power of a lens
n  8h ε 0  n f
energy level equation for hydrogen atom I
L = 10 log intensity level (dB)
I0
h h Z = ρc acoustic impedance
λ= = de Broglie formula
p mv I ( Z − Z1 ) 2
α= r = 2 intensity reflection coefficient
1.22λ I 0 ( Z 2 + Z1 ) 2
θ≈ Rayleigh criterion (resolving power)
d I = I 0 e − µx transmitted intensity through a medium
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energy transfer during heating Q1Q2
A1. E = mc ∆T D1. F= Coulomb’s law
and cooling 4πε 0 r 2
energy transfer during change Q electric field strength due to
A2. E = l ∆m D2. E=
of state 4πε 0 r 2 a point charge
Q electric potential due to

A3. pV = nRT equation of state for an ideal gas D3. V=
4 πε 0 r a point charge
1 V electric field between parallel plates
A4. pV = Nmc 2 kinetic theory equation D4. E=
3 d (numerically)
3RT
A5. EK = molecular kinetic energy D5. I = nAvQ general current flow equation
2N A
ρl
D6. R= resistance and resistivity
A
∆v ∆p
B1. F = m = Force D7. R = R1 + R2 resistors in series
∆t ∆t
1 1 1
B2. moment = F d moment of a force D8. = + resistors in parallel
R R1 R 2
B3. EP = mgh gravitational potential energy D9. P = IV = I 2 R power in a circuit
1 2 force on a moving charge in a

B4. EK = mv kinetic energy D10. F = BQv sin θ
2 magnetic field
W force on a current-carrying
B5. P = Fv = mechanical power D11. F = BIl sin θ
t conductor in a magnetic field
v2 BI
B6. a= = ω 2r centripetal acceleration D12. V = Hall voltage
r nQt
Gm1 m2 µ0 I magnetic field due to a long
B7. F= Newton’s law of gravitation D13. B =
r 2
2 πr straight wire
µ NI magnetic field inside a long
D14. B = 0
l solenoid
λD fringe width in ∆Φ
C1. ∆y = D15. ε = N induced e.m.f.
a double-slit interference ∆t
Vs Ns ratio of secondary voltage to
C2. d sin θ = nλ diffraction grating equation D16. ≈
Vp N p primary voltage in a transformer
1 1 1
C3. + = equation for a single lens
u v f
E1. N = N0e−kt law of radioactive decay
ln 2
E2. t1 = half-life and decay constant
2 k
activity and the number of
E3. A = kN undecayed nuclei
E4. E = mc 2 mass-energy relationship
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Please stick the barcode label here.
(b) When the oil flows through the pipe in the heater at a rate of 0.3 kg per minute, the temperature of
the oil rises from 25°C to 37°C. Determine the power absorbed by the oil.
Given : specific heat capacity of oil = 2500 J kg–1 °C–1

(3 marks)
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

*(c) If the wooden box is sealed and made air-tight, how would the air pressure inside change when
temperature increases ? Explain briefly in terms of kinetic theory. No mathematical derivation
is required.
(3 marks)
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PP-DSE-PHY 1B−3 3
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PP-DSE-PHY 1B−5 5
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*(c) Ball Y lands on the ground at S which is at a horizontal distance of 1.2 m from the bench. Find
the height H of the bench.
(3 marks)

*(d) Ball X is now released at Q such that ball Y moves off the bench horizontally with a smaller speed
after collision. Would the time of flight of ball Y change ? Explain briefly.
(2 marks)
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PP-DSE-PHY 1B−7 7
4. A communications satellite moves in a circular orbit around the Earth with a period of 24 hours and
remains above a certain place on the equator.
Given : radius of the Earth rE = 6400 km
*(a) (i) Find the orbital radius of the communications satellite.

(3 marks)

*(ii) Determine the orbital speed of the communications satellite.
(2 marks)
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PP-DSE-PHY 1B−8 8
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PP-DSE-PHY 1B−13 13
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(b) (i) Express tan θ in terms of the electric force F acting on the ball and the weight W of the
ball.
(1 mark)
*(ii) Given that the mass of the ball is 0.07 g. When the voltage between the plates is
4000 V, θ = 2°. Estimate the magnitude of the charge carried by the ball. Assume that
the electric field between the plates is uniform.
(3 marks)

(c) Using the setup in Figure 8.1, suggest a simple method to test whether the electric field between
the plates is uniform.
(3 marks)
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(a) (iii) A 5 A fuse is installed in the power supply. Explain whether the fuse will blow if
another identical heater is connected in parallel with the original heater.
(2 marks)
*(b) The heater is now connected to a sinusoidal a.c. power supply. The peak value of the voltage of
the a.c. power supply is 15 V. How would the output power of the heater change ?
(2 marks)
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(c) Explain why thick wire should be used to construct the primary coil.
(3 marks)
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11. The decay of radioactive isotope protactinium-238 ( 238 Pa) has a half-life of approximately 136 s. A
sample of 238 Pa is put in front of a GM tube and the initial count rate is 1000 counts per minute. The
background count rate is 50 counts per minute.
(a) It is known that the decay of 238 Pa does not emit γ radiation. Suggest a simple test to verify the
radiation from 238 Pa is β radiation but not α radiation.
(3 marks)

238
*(b) Estimate the decay constant of Pa.
(1 mark)
*(c) Hence, or otherwise, estimate the time taken for the count rate to drop to 250 counts per minute.
(3 marks)
END OF PAPER
Sources of materials used in this paper will be acknowledged in the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education
Examination Practice Papers published by the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority at a later stage.
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PP-DSE-PHY 2−5 5
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Q.2: Structured question
(a) In studying the photoelectrons emitted from sodium, it was found that no photoelectrons were
emitted when the wavelength of the incident light was longer than 5.27 × 10–7 m.
(i) Explain why the wave model of light cannot account for this phenomenon.
(2 marks)
(ii) Determine the work function for sodium. Express your answer in electron-volts.
(3 marks)

(iii) What is the physical meaning of work function ?
(1 mark)
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PP-DSE-PHY 2−10 10
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Section D : Medical Physics
Q.4: Multiple-choice questions
4.1 The far point of Phoebe’s eye is at 60 cm and its lens-to-retina distance is 2.5 cm. What is the power of
the corrective lens that she should wear ?
A. – 2.0 D A B C D
B. – 1.7 D
C. 1.7 D
D. 2.0 D
4.2 Which of the following features of the middle ear amplify the pressure ?
(1) The middle ear is filled with air.

(2) The ear bones form a lever system.
(3) The area of the ear drum is larger than that of the oval window.
A. (1) and (2) only A B C D

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

4.3 The sound intensity of a machine is 0.01 W m 2. By adding a noise barrier, the sound intensity is
reduced to 6 × 10 6 W m–2. Find the reduction in the sound intensity level.
Given : threshold of hearing = 1 × 10 12 W m 2
A. 32 dB A B C D
B. 68 dB
C. 88 dB
D. 100 dB
(For questions 4.4 and 4.5) The following table shows the acoustic impedances and the densities of three
different media X, Y and Z.
Medium Acoustic impedance / × 106 Rayl Density / kg m–3

X 1.48 1000
Y 1.63 1058
Z 1.66 1060
4.4 Arrange the speed of sound in the three media, vX, vY and vZ, in descending order.
A. vX > vY > vZ A B C D
B. vY > vX > vZ
C. vZ > vX > vY
D. vZ > vY > vX
4.5 What is the intensity reflection coefficient between medium X and medium Z for normal incidence ?
A. 7.97 × 10–4 A B C D
B. 8.48 × 10–4
C. 3.29 × 10–3
D. 5.73 × 10–2
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4.6 Which of the following statements about a fibre optic endoscope is incorrect ?
A. Tissue samples can be obtained at the same time for further examination.
B. Coherent bundle fibres are used for image transport.
C. The cladding of the optical fibre must have a smaller refractive index than the glass fibre
inside.
D. The critical angle of the optical fibre should be as large as possible.
A B C D

4.7 Which of the following statements about radionuclide planar imaging is/are incorrect ?
(1) Radionuclide planar images provide functional information about the organ.
(2) Radiation of radionuclide planar imaging stays shorter inside our body than that of X-ray
radiographic imaging.
(3) Tracers are used to absorb radiation.
A. (1) only A B C D
B. (2) only


C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only
4.8 Technetium-99m has a half-life of 6 hours, and a biological half-life of 3 hours. A patient is given an
injection of technetium-99m at 12:00 noon. Which of the following statements is/are correct ?
(1) At 3:00 pm, the number of undecayed technetium nuclei in the patient’s body is less than half of
the initial value.
(2) All the technetium nuclei will be removed from the body by biological processes by 6:00 pm.
(3) All the technetium nuclei removed from the body by biological processes are decayed.
A. (1) only A B C D
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only
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List of data, formulae and relationships
Data
molar gas constant R = 8.31 J mol−1 K−1

Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1
acceleration due to gravity g = 9.81 m s−2 (close to the Earth)
universal gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2
speed of light in vacuum c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1
charge of electron e = 1.60 × 10−19 C
electron rest mass me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg
permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
permeability of free space µ0 = 4π × 10−7 H m−1
atomic mass unit u = 1.661 10−27 kg (1 u is equivalent to 931 MeV)
astronomical unit AU = 1.50 1011 m
light year ly = 9.46 1015 m
parsec pc = 3.09 1016 m = 3.26 ly = 206265 AU
Stefan constant σ = 5.67 10−8 W m−2 K−4
Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s
Rectilinear motion Mathematics
For uniformly accelerated motion : Equation of a straight line y = mx + c

Arc length =rθ
v = u + at
1 Surface area of cylinder = 2πrh + 2πr2
s = ut + at 2
2 Volume of cylinder = πr2h
v2 = u2 + 2as
Surface area of sphere = 4πr2
4 3
Volume of sphere = πr
3
For small angles, sin θ ≈ tan θ ≈ θ (in radians)
Astronomy and Space Science Energy and Use of Energy

GMm Q A(TH − TC )
U =− gravitational potential energy =k rate of energy transfer by conduction
r t d
P = σΑT 4 Stefan’s law k
U= thermal transmittance U-value
∆f v ∆λ d
≈ ≈ Doppler effect
f0 c λ0 1
P = ρAv 3 maximum power by wind turbine
2
Atomic World Medical Physics
1 1.22λ
me vmax 2 = hf − φ Einstein’s photoelectric equation θ≈ Rayleigh criterion (resolving power)
2 d
1  mee 4  13.6 power =
1
En = − 2  2 2
= − 2 eV power of a lens
n  8h ε 0  n f
energy level equation for hydrogen atom I
L = 10 log intensity level (dB)
I0
h h Z = ρc acoustic impedance
λ= = de Broglie formula
p mv I ( Z − Z1 ) 2
α= r = 2 intensity reflection coefficient
1.22λ I 0 ( Z 2 + Z1 ) 2
θ≈ Rayleigh criterion (resolving power)
d I = I 0 e − µx transmitted intensity through a medium
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PP-DSE-PHY 2–23 23
energy transfer during heating Q1Q2
A1. E = mc ∆T D1. F= Coulomb’s law
and cooling 4πε 0 r 2
energy transfer during change Q electric field strength due to
A2. E = l ∆m D2. E=
of state 4πε 0 r 2 a point charge
Q electric potential due to

A3. pV = nRT equation of state for an ideal gas D3. V=
4 πε 0 r a point charge
1 V electric field between parallel plates
A4. pV = Nmc 2 kinetic theory equation D4. E=
3 d (numerically)
3RT
A5. EK = molecular kinetic energy D5. I = nAvQ general current flow equation
2N A
ρl
D6. R= resistance and resistivity
A
∆v ∆p
B1. F = m = Force D7. R = R1 + R2 resistors in series
∆t ∆t
1 1 1
B2. moment = F d moment of a force D8. = + resistors in parallel
R R1 R 2
B3. EP = mgh gravitational potential energy D9. P = IV = I 2 R power in a circuit
1 2 force on a moving charge in a

B4. EK = mv kinetic energy D10. F = BQv sin θ
2 magnetic field
W force on a current-carrying
B5. P = Fv = mechanical power D11. F = BIl sin θ
t conductor in a magnetic field
v2 BI
B6. a= = ω 2r centripetal acceleration D12. V = Hall voltage
r nQt
Gm1 m2 µ0 I magnetic field due to a long
B7. F= Newton’s law of gravitation D13. B =
r 2
2 πr straight wire
µ NI magnetic field inside a long
D14. B = 0
l solenoid
λD fringe width in ∆Φ
C1. ∆y = D15. ε = N induced e.m.f.
a double-slit interference ∆t
Vs Ns ratio of secondary voltage to
C2. d sin θ = nλ diffraction grating equation D16. ≈
Vp N p primary voltage in a transformer
1 1 1
C3. + = equation for a single lens
u v f
E1. N = N0e−kt law of radioactive decay
ln 2
E2. t1 = half-life and decay constant
2 k
activity and the number of
E3. A = kN undecayed nuclei
E4. E = mc 2 mass-energy relationship
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PP-DSE-PHY 2–24 24
鳴謝
Acknowledgements
本專輯的試題曾引用下列刊物的資料：
Material from the following publications has been used in question papers in this volume:
Leisure and Cultural Services http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/beach/b5/swim-address-s.php#pao

Department, The Government of yuekong
HKSAR
Electrical and Mechanical http://www.energyland.emsd.gov.hk/en/appAndEquip/appli

Services Department, The ances/meels.html
Government of HKSAR
University of Szeged, Hungary http://www.szote.u-szeged.hu/radio/potlap1/amel2 9c.htm
專輯內試題引用的資料，蒙有關出版社╱機構准予使用，本局深表感銘。倘當中
引用的資料有未及取得版權持有者同意，或因未悉其來源而有牴觸版權之處，祈
為鑒諒。
本局已盡一切努力追溯資料的來源，如有因資料來源錯漏而導致牴觸版權的情
況，懇請有關的版權持有者聯絡本局，以便作出適當的安排。
The Authority is grateful to publishers/organisations for permission to include in the question papers
material from their publications. We apologise for any infringement of copyright in respect of
material printed in this volume, for which permission has not been obtained in time or for which the
sources could not be traced.
Every effort has been made to trace copyright. However, in the event of any inadvertent
infringement due to errors or omissions, copyright owners are invited to contact us so that we can
come to a suitable arrangement.
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molar gas constant R = 8.31 J mol−1 K−1

Rectilinear motion Mathematics

For uniformly accelerated motion : Equation of a straight line y = mx + c

Astronomy and Space Science Energy and Use of Energy

Q electric potential due to

B3. EP = mgh gravitational potential energy D9. P = IV = I 2 R power in a circuit

1 2 force on a moving charge in a

E1. N = N0e−kt law of radioactive decay

E4. E = mc 2 mass-energy relationship

Given : specific heat capacity of oil = 2500 J kg–1 °C–1

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Go on to the next page

This is a blank page.

Go on to the next page

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Go on to the next page

Given : radius of the Earth rE = 6400 km

*(a) (i) Find the orbital radius of the communications satellite.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Go on to the next page

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Go on to the next page

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Go on to the next page

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Go on to the next page

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Answers written on this page will not be marked.

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This is a blank page.

Go on to the next page

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(1) The middle ear is filled with air.

A. (1) and (2) only A B C D

D. (1), (2) and (3)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Medium Acoustic impedance / × 106 Rayl Density / kg m–3

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Go on to the next page

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J mol−1 K−1

Rectilinear motion Mathematics

For uniformly accelerated motion : Equation of a straight line y = mx + c

Astronomy and Space Science Energy and Use of Energy

Q electric potential due to

B3. EP = mgh gravitational potential energy D9. P = IV = I 2 R power in a circuit

1 2 force on a moving charge in a

E1. N = N0e−kt law of radioactive decay

E4. E = mc 2 mass-energy relationship

Leisure and Cultural Services http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/beach/b5/swim-address-s.php#pao

Electrical and Mechanical http://www.energyland.emsd.gov.hk/en/appAndEquip/appli

University of Szeged, Hungary http://www.szote.u-szeged.hu/radio/potlap1/amel2 9c.htm

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