FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

OWERRI
P.M.B 1526 OWERRI
IMO STATE

A REPORT ON

STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE

SCHEME (SIWES)

DONE AT
FLEX ENTREPRISE NIGERIA
NO 110 ADEKUNLE STREET, IKOYI LAGOS STATE

WRITTEN BY

ONWUCHEKWA NNEKA MERCY

20181118995

SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B. TECH) DEGREE.

SEPTEMBER, 2023
 DEDICATION

To the Almighty God, I dedicate this report for being my spiritual supervisor, for
his grace to complete the programmed and his faithfulness all through the period.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I thank the management of Flex Enterprise Nigeria for the opportunity and
privilege granted to me to carry out my industrial training, for the experience was
allowed to acquire and making my training worthwhile.

Also, I dedicate this work to my wonderful family for their countless support
morally and financially.

I won’t forget my most beloved course adviser.

 ABSTRACT

This report covers the entire test that has being carried out in the Clinic during my
industrial training. It is a comprehensive description of the hospital, the various
departments and functions. This report work also talks on SIWES and its aim and
objectives. It also talks on the laboratory safety precautions to avoid accident in the
clinic.
 Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE.............................................................................................................................................1
STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)..................................................................1
1.1 BACKGROUND STUDY.......................................................................................................1
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES.......................................................................................................2
1.3 THE NEED FOR INDUSTRIAL TRIANING.............................................................................3
1.4 BENEFITS OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING................................................................................3
1.5 BODIES INVOLVED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SIWES.....................................................4
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................................9
2.0. LABORATORY:.........................................................................................................................9
2.0.1 LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND THEIR USES:.........................................................9
LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS......................................................................................................10
2.0.2 LABORATORY PRECAUTIONS:...................................................................................11
2.0.3: LABORATORY SAFETY SIGNS..........................................................................................12
2.0.4 DIFFERENT DEPARTMENT IN THE LABORATORY:................................................13
3.1 PHLEBOTOMY LABORATORY:.......................................................................................13
3.1.2 COLLECTION OF SPECIMEN:.......................................................................................13
3.2 HEMATOLOGY/SEROLOGY LABORATORY.................................................................16
3.2.1 BLOOD GROUPING........................................................................................................17
3.2.2 PREGNANCY TEST.........................................................................................................18
CHAPTER FOUR..........................................................................................................................................20
4.0 MICROBIOLOGY:...............................................................................................................20
4.0.1 WIDAL TEST:..................................................................................................................20
4.0.2 URINALYSIS....................................................................................................................21
4.0.3 HIGH VIGINAL SWAB (HVS) TEST..............................................................................23
CHAPTER 5.................................................................................................................................................24
5.1 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERD DURING MY SIWES PROGRAM.............................................................24
5.2 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................24
 CHAPTER ONE

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

1.0 INTRODUCTION

According to Akerejola (2008), acquisition of practical skills is an antidote to

meaningful development in any society. Ochiagha (1995) also posits that practical
knowledge is learning without which mastery of an area of knowledge may be too
difficult to achieve and that practical knowledge involves developing skills through
the use of tools or equipment to perform tasks that are related to a field of study.
The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a skill training
program designed to expose and prepare students of Universities,
Polytechnics/Colleges of Agriculture and Colleges of Education for the industrial
work situation they are likely to meet after graduation.

The scheme also affords students the opportunity of familiarizing and exposing
themselves to the needed experience in handling equipment and machinery that are
not usually available in their institutions.

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1.1 BACKGROUND STUDY
The students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established in
1973/1974 session. Prior to the establishment of the scheme, there was a growing
concern among our industrialist that graduates of our institutions of higher learning
lacked adequate background studies preparatory for employment in the industries.
It is against this background that the rationale for initiating and designing the
scheme was hinged. Consequently, the scheme affords students the opportunity of
familiarizing and exposing themselves to the needed experience in handling
equipment and machinery that are usually not available in the institutions.

The growing concern among our industrialist that graduates of our institutions of
higher learning lack adequate practical background studies preparatory for
employment in industries, led to the formation of Students Industrial Work
Experience Scheme (SIWES) by ITF in 1993/1994. (Information and Guideline for
SIWES 2002) ITF has as one of its key functions; (1) to work as cooperative entity
with industry and commerce where students in institutions of higher learning can
undertake mid-career work experience attachment in industries which are
compatible with students’ area of study (Okorie 2002, in Asikadi 2003).

The scheme was designed to expose students to industrial environment and enable
them to develop occupational competencies so that they can readily contribute their
quota to national economic and technological development after graduation. The
scheme also enables students to acquire knowledge, skill and experience to
perform jobs in their respected fields.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The objective of SIWES among others include to:

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 a. Provide an avenue for students in institution of higher learning to acquire
industrial skills and experience in their approved course of study.

b. Prepare students for the industrial works situation which they are likely to
meet after graduation.

c. Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and

machinery that may not be available in their institutions.

d. Provide students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real work

situation thereby bridging the gap between theory and practices.

e. Enlist and strengthen employers’ involvement in the entire education process

and prepare students for employment in industry and commerce (Information and
Guideline for SIWES 2002).

1.3 THE NEED FOR INDUSTRIAL TRIANING

Theoretical knowledge alone would not usually prepare an educated person for the
world of work. The worker or productive individual must not only be
knowledgeable but also be versatile in the application of skills to perform defined
jobs or work. Consequently, there are two basic forms of learning- Education and
Training- both of which are indispensable to the productive world of work and the
functioning of the society.

This need to combine theoretical knowledge with practical skills in order to

produce results in the form of goods and services or to be productive is the essence
and rationale for industrial training.

Both education and training are important, there cannot be effective education
without dome training input and there cannot be effective training without some
educational input. The productive individual, particularly in this millennium, must

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be able to combine the outcomes from the two forms of learning (Know-How
ability and Do-How capability) for the production of goods and services. This
requirement is particularly crucial for individuals pursuing careers in science,
engineering and technology.

1.4 BENEFITS OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

The major benefits accruing to students who participate conscientiously in
industrial training are the skills and competencies they acquire. These relevant
production skills (RPSs) remain a part of the recipients of industrial training as
life-long assets which cannot be taken away from them.

Several other benefits can accrue to students who participate in industrial training.
These include the following:

Opportunity for students to blend theoretical knowledge acquired in the classroom

with practical hands-on application of the knowledge required to perform work in
the industry.

Exposure of students to the environment in which they will eventually work,

thereby enabling them to see how their future professions are organized in practice.

Enabling SET students appreciate work methods and gain experience in handling
equipment and machinery which may not be available in their institution.

Provision of enabling environment where students can develop and enhance

personal attributes such as critical thinking, creativity, initiative, resourcefulness,
leadership, time management, presentation skills and interpersonal skills amongst
others.

Preparing students for employment and making the transition from school to the
world of work easier after graduation.

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 Enhancing student’s contacts with potential employers while on training.

Enabling students bridge the gap between the knowledge acquired in institutions
and the relevant production skills (RPSs) required in work organizations.

Making SET students appreciate the role of their professions as the creator of
change and wealth and indispensable contributors to growing the economy and
national development.

1.5 BODIES INVOLVED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SIWES

Bodies involved in the management of SIWES include;

Industrial Training Fund (ITF)

National University Commission (NUC)

National Body for Technical Education (NBTE)

National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE)

Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN)

Institute of higher learning; and The employers of labour.

1.6 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

LAB

LAB

CHEMICAL MICROBIOLO
HEAMATOLO PATHOLOGY GY SEROLOGY
GY LAB 5 LAB LAB
TECHNICIAN TECHNICIAN
 DEPARTMENTS IN THE MEDICAL LABORATORY

1.7 RULES AND REGULATIONS IN THE LABORATORY

 Laboratory coat should be worn whenever working in the laboratory

 No edible items should be stored in the lab refrigerator
 No eating, smoking and applying of cosmetics in the lab
 All cuts or wounds on the body should be covered with water proof adhesive
dressing
 Cover shoe with no heels should be worn in the lab
 Protective gloves should be worn when working in the lab
 The location of the exit doors, fire extinguishers and face wash station
should be known.
 Washing of hands and arms with soap and water before and after each work
 First aid box should be accessible

1.8 SOME LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS AND THEIR USES

CENTRIFUGE

It is use to separate cells from sample of blood and other specimens

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 Fig.2.1 Centrifuge

SYRINGE DESTROYER

It is use to destroy syringe and make it unusable

Fig 2.2 Syringe destroyer

WATERBATH

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It is use for sterilization and make liquid be at a stable temperature.

Fig 2.3 Waterbath

MICROSCOPE

It is use for viewing and magnification of tiny object that cannot be seen with the
naked eyes

Fig 2.4 Microscope

TEST TUBE

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It is use to hold sample and reagent during test

Fig 2.5 Test tubes.

CHAPTER TWO
2.0. LABORATORY:
A laboratory is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which
scientific or technological research, experiment and diagnosis are performed
such as medical laboratory which is a laboratory which is a laboratory where
test are carried on specimens and patient to obtain information about the
health of the patient.

2.0.1 LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND THEIR USES:

Laboratory equipment are instrument used in laboratory to carry out
experiments. They include:

 MICROSCOPE: it is used to view micro-organism that cannot be

seen with the naked eyes.
 REFRIGERATOR: it is used in cooling of samples that has been
cultured

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  INCUBATOR: it is used to culture micro-organism at a certain
steady temperature.
 CENTRIFUGE: it is used for the separation of fluids by spinning a
vessel containing materials at high speed.
 BEAKERS: it is used for mixing and heating chemicals.
 CONICAL FLASK: it is also used for misking and swirling of the
flask without much risk of spilling.
 BOILING FLASK: it is used to hold liquids and can easily be heat.
 TEST TUBES: it is used to hold small amount of samples.
 PIPETTES: it is used for extremely accurate addition of liquid

LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS

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  RING STAND & CLAMPS: it is used to suspend burettes, beakers,
flasks etc above the containers.
 SPATULAS & SCOOPULAS: it is used for scooping solid
chemicals.
 BUNSEN BURNERS: it is used for heating chemicals

2.0.2 LABORATORY PRECAUTIONS:

 Always wear a laboratory coats, gloves, safety glasses, shorts and
sandals should not be worn in the lab at any time, shoes are required
to be worn.
 Never eat, drink, smoke or talk while working in the laboratory
 Do not use any equipment unless you are trained or bold to do so by
your supervisor.
 Wear safety glasses or face shield when working with hazardous
material and equipment
 If you have long hair or loose clothes, make sure it is tied back or
confined
 Keep the work area clean of all materials except those needed for your
work
 Never pipette anything by mouth because it is hazardous.
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  Student are responsible for the proper disposal of used materials if any
inappropriate containers
 When leaving the lab, turn off all ignition sources and lock the doors
 Clean up your work area before leaving.
 Wash your hands before leaving the laboratory and before eating.

2.0.3: LABORATORY SAFETY SIGNS

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2.0.4 DIFFERENT DEPARTMENT IN THE LABORATORY:
Medical laboratory is generally divided into two sections. Each has being
subdivided into multiple units. Here are the two sections.

 ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY
 CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

a. ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY: This unit includes anatomy,

physiology, pathology and pathophysiology.
b. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY: Which includes clinical
microbiology, clinical chemistry, hematology; genetics etc. in
every unit under the clinical pathology has different work as
stated above.

3.0: RECEPTION: medical reception is unit in laboratory which documentary put

down to register such as incoming patient, test result and date etc. it is handled by a
medical receptionist.

3.1 PHLEBOTOMY LABORATORY:

Phlebotomy is unit where blood samples are collected from the patients and
registered before going to the different laboratory for testing such as
microbiology laboratory.

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3.1.2 COLLECTION OF SPECIMEN:
This is also a unit where specimens are collected e.g. Of specimen collected
here are urine sample, high vagina swab, blood sample etc.

BLOOD SAMPLE: they are collected using two methods depending on the
test required.

They are:

 Capillary blood collection

 Venous blood collection

 CAPILLARY BLOOD COLLECTION:

Is a blood sample collected by pricking the skin capillaries are tiny blood vessels
near the surface of the skin that require small amount of blood from patient
materials

 Methylated spirit
 Wet swab
 Lancets
 Capillary tube

PROCEDURES:

 Hold the patients thumb fingers

 Disinfect the surface area where you want to collect the blood sample
 With the help of lancet you prick the patient when the patient starts bleeding
you use your capillary tube to collect them.

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  VENOUS BLOOD COLLECTION

Is a blood sample collected through the vein and require large amount of blood

MATERIALS USED:

 Tourniquet
 Syringe
 Wet swab
 Methylated spirit

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 PROCEDURE:

 The material needed for the collection of blood sample be made available
 If there is any trace of vein, you tie the tourniquet above the area of
collection.
 Then the patient is asked to make a fist to make the vein more prominent
 Then use your wet swab to disinfect the surface area
 Then use your syringe to collect the blood

3.2 HEMATOLOGY/SEROLOGY LABORATORY

Hematology works with whole blood to do full blood counts and serum as well as
many other specialized tests. There are different categories of test in this section.

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3.2.1 BLOOD GROUPING
AIM: To determine the blood group of a patient.

MATERIALS USED:
 Plastic tile
 Tweezer
 Blood sample
 Capillary tube
 Reagents (anti ceral – A, B, D-)

PROCEDURES:
 Collect the patient’s blood sample using a capillary tube
 Drop 3 drops spaced at different intervals (blood sample)
 Then drop 3 drop of anti ceral (A, B and D) respectively on each drop of
blood.
 Using your tweezer, both blood sample and anti ceral then you rock for
2minutes.
 Read your result

RESULT
REAGENT REAGENT REAGENT RESULT
A B D
+ + + =AB+
_ + + =B+
+ _ + =A+
_ _ _ =O-
_ _ + =O+

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3.2.2 PREGNANCY TEST
AIM: To determine or detect of a woman is pregnant or not. It can be carried out
in two different ways.

 BLOOD SERUM SAMPLE: it is best to detect the presence chronic

gonadothphin (HCG) from a growing placenta because it can detect both the
level and presence of the hormone.
 Urine: it is used to detect the presence of the hormone (HCG) but not the
level of the pregnancy

MATERIALS USED:

 Test tube
 Patients blood/serum
 Centrifuge machine
 Pregnancy test strip
PROCEDURES:
USING BLOOD SERUM
 The blood sample is centrifuged to get the serum
 The serum is made to migrate through the pregnancy test strip, then left
for about 20munites for results to appear

USING URINE SAMPLE

 To begin the test, remove the strip from the sealed pouch.
 The test strip is placed vertically (straight) into the urine sample for at least
10seconds, making sure the arrows are pointing downwards
 The urine is not allowed to go above the maximum level line on the test strip

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 Remove the strip from the urine and placed the strip on a clean, dry surface
 Wait for colour bands to appear. If it is a positive result it will show a double
line within forty seconds but if it is a negative result it will show a single
line in five minutes

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 CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 MICROBIOLOGY:
Microbiology works with mainly cultures, specimen, urine, blood and
sputum etc. also sensitivity testing is also carried out to determine whether
the pathogen is sensitive or resistant to a suggested medicine (anti-biotic)

4.0.1 WIDAL TEST:

AIM: to determine the presence of salmonella anti-bodies in the blood
sample of the patient.

VALUE: to determine the presence of the bacteria, salmonella typhii. The

bacteria which cause typhoid fever in the human immune system.

PRINCIPLE: anti-bodies in serum produced in response to exposure to

salmonella organism will agglutinates bacterial suspension.

MATERIALS:

 Test tiles
 Centrifuge
 Widal kits
 Pasteur pipette
 Serum gotten from blood samples
 Tweezer
 Sample bottles

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PROCEDURES:

 The patient’s blood samples are collected using a syringe and sterile needle
 The blood sample is been put into a sample bottle containing EDTA as its
anti coagulant.
 The sample bottle is kept inside the centrifuge to be spinned in other to
separate the serum from the red blood cells
 Using a widal kit that contains the reagent for the test (four blue reagent for
antigen O, A-C and four pink reagent for antigen H,A-C) drops of the
respective reagent were placed on the clean white test tile on four places
each.
 Using a Pasteur pipette, the plasma is placed side by side on all reagent
(antigens)
 Using a tweezer or the bottom part of the pipette to properly mix the plasma
and the antigen and further rocked for five minutes.
 In the process of rocking, an antigen complex is formed
 Results are read or checked by the agglutination.

4.0.2 URINALYSIS
This is used to know if a patient is infected with urinary tract infection (UTI)
or not.

AIM: To detect for the presence of urinary tract infection

MATERIALS USED:

 Sterile container
 Combi 9 strip
 Urine sample

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PROCEDURES:
 The urine sample is been collected in a sterile container
 Then you take the sample to the laboratory and mix gently
 Open carefully, then take a strip of combi 9 and deep inside, leave for
30 seconds
 Then you gently bring out the combi 9 strip dragging the strip on the
body of the container in order so that urine do not drop on the floor
 Then read your result using the combi 9 container to compare with a
standard

OBSERVATION:

When the strip has been dipped into the urine after 30secounds and brought
out there will be a colour change in each of the nine parameters.

PARAMETERS:

 Blood
 Ketone
 Nutrite
 Ascorbic acid
 Bilirubin
 Urobilinogen
 pH
 protein

PRECAUTION
Ensure that the urine sample to be used is mid stream

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 CONCLUSION:

If the patient have two plus (++) and above, of glucose in their urine are
advice to stop the intake of sugar, etc

4.0.3 HIGH VIGINAL SWAB (HVS) TEST

This is done to determine micro organism that cause infection in
vagina

MATERIALS USED:

 Vaginal fluid
 Incubator
 Normal saline
 Chocolate agar
 Sterile swap stick

PROCEDURE:

 Insert the sterile swab stick into the vagina to collect vagina fluid
 Make a stick on the petri-dish containing chocolate agar and incubate
for 24hours at 370degree centigrade

OBSERVATION:

Colonies of micro organism may appear as a sign of presence of infections

and growth of micro organism

PRECAUTIONS:
 Ensure that the sterile swab stick is well dipped into the vagina during
sample collection
 Ensure appropriate incubation, time and temperature

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 CHAPTER 5

5.1 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERD DURING MY SIWES PROGRAM

 Inadequate transport and feeding allowance.
 Poor communication skills from between staffs and I.T students.
 Neglect of I.T students (in some cases).

5.2 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, as a student, I have been able to obtain the most relevant and
effective practical industrial training and experience for duration of three months
(6 months). I have been exposed to practical and activities in the laboratory.
Furthermore, an awareness of the general work place has been developed in me
and I have acquired important behavior and interpersonal skills with the
opportunity given to me to get a feel of the work environment and exposure as a
students.

Finally, I would like to say that the SIWES program is a very relevant and
necessary program for all students.

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

The problem encountered during industrial training can be ameliorated by the

following suggestions which may not only be of help to student but also to the
school and the society in general.

 Building of industrial based establishment, research laboratories etc in

institution of higher learning where students can attached for training.
 Government should make it mandatory for all companies and laboratories to
offer attachment places for students.

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 Universities should strine to give their students industrial training forms on
time to enable them start early to search for a place of attachment

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