Palawan State University

Mathematics Department
Mathematics in the Modern World
Final Examination

Instruction: Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer in each of the following statements. Shade the letter that corresponds
to your answer on the answer provided. If the correct answer is not given in the choices, write the correct answer beside the
number in your answer sheet. PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING ON THE QUESTIONNAIRE.

1. Which of the following sets are equal?

i. ∅ ii. { 0 } iii. { ∅ } iv. {}

a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. i and i v d. i and iii

2. Which of the following is an empty set?

a. {x |1¿x¿ 2 , x ∈ R } c. {x |x, x ∈ ∅ }
b. {x |1¿x¿ 2 , x ∈ N } d. {x | x 2> ¿x, x ∈ R }

For numbers 3-6: Let A= {1 , 2 ,3 , . . . 9} C = {1 , 3 , 5 ,7 , 9 }

B= {2 , 4 , 6 , 8} D = {3 , 4 , 5}
E = {3 , 5 }
Which of these sets can equal X if we are given the following information:

3. X and D are disjoint sets

a. A b. B c. C d. D

4. X⊂ D and X⊄ B
a. A b. B c. C d. E

5. X⊂ A∧X ⊄ C
a. A b. B c. C d. D

6. X⊂ A∧X ⊄ E
a. A b. B c. C d. D

7. Let A= {r , s , t }. Which of the following is TRUE?

a. r∈ A b. {r }∈ A c. r ⊂A d. {r }⊄A

8. Which word is different from the others?

b. Empty b. void c. zero d. null
For numbers 9-11:
Let A and B be two finite sets such, that n(U) = 44 n(A) = 20, n(B) = 28 and n(A∪B) = 36.
9. Find n(A∩B).
a. 10 b. 12 c. 14 d. 16
' '
10. Determine n ( A ∩B ¿
a. 8 b. 10 c. 12 d. 14

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11. Which of the following is FALSE?
a. Every subset of a finite set is a finite set
b. Every subset of an infinite set is an infinite set

d. Given two sets A and B, if A ∪ B = A ∩ B, then A = B

c. Two sets that have elements in common are joints sets

For numbers 12- 15,

Let U =¿{x | x ∈ N∧x <10 }
A= {x | x ∈ N∧x is odd∧x <10 }
B= {x | x ∈ N∧x is even∧x <10 }
C= {x | x ∈ N∧x <6 }
Determine
12. A ∩ B

a . {2 , 4 ,6 ,8 } b. {2 , 3 } c. {1 , 3 , 5 ,7 } d. {}
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13. (B ∩C)
a. { 7 , 9 } b. { 1 , 3 ,5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 } c. { 1 , 2, 3 , 4 ,5 } d. { 2 , 4 }
14. ( A ∩C ¿∪ (A ∩ B)
'

a. { 2 , 4 } b. { 8 , 9 } c. { 1 , 6 } d. { 6 , 9 }
15. C-B
a. { 4 , 6 , 8 ,10 } b. { 1 , 3 ,5 } c. { 1 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 8 ,10 } d. { 1 , 4 }

For numbers 16-17: In a certain company, 40 % of the workers are under 25 years old. It also known that 70% are male, 70%
are female or at least 25 years old.

16. What percent of the workers are at least 25 years old female?
a. 30% b. 50% c. 20% d. none of these
17. What percent of workers are male who are less than 25 years old?
a. 10% b. 20% c. 30% d. 40%
18. Which set operation corresponds to the Venn diagram below?

A B

a. A ∩ B b. A−B c. B∪( B− A) d.( A ∪ B )−B

19. Which of the following best describes a proposition?
a. A sentence that is either true or false but not both.
b. A list of all possible combinations of truth values.
c. Composed of hypotheses and conclusion.
d. A questionable statement.
For numbers 20- 21. Let p, q, and r be propositions, where p is false, q is true, and r is false.
20. Which of the following propositions gives a false truth value?
a. p ∨q b.∼ p ∨∼(q ∧r ) c.∼ p ∨∼ q d. ( p ∨∼ q)∧(∼ p∨ r )

21. Which of the following propositions gives a true truth value?

a. p ∧∼ q b.(∼ p ∨∼q)∨ p c. ( p ∧q ¿ ∧ ∼ p d. ( p ∧q ¿ ∧(∼ p ∨q)

For numbers 22- 23. Given p: You heard the “Maroon 5” rock concert.
q: You heard the “The Reunion” rock concert.
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 r: You have sore eardrums.
22. What is the symbolic representation for “You heard the “Maroon 5” rock concert, but you do not have sore eardrums.”?
a. p ∧r b. p ∧∼ r c. p ∧q ∧ r d.∼( p ∧ q)

23. Which of the following is the representation in words of ( p ∨q ) ∧ ∼ r ?

a. It is not the case that: You heard the “Maroon 5” rock concert or you heard the “The Reunion” rock
concert or you do not have sore eardrums.
b. You heard the “Maroon 5” rock concert, you heard the “The Reunion” rock concert, and you have
sore eardrums.
c. heard either the “Maroon 5” rock concert or the “The Reunion” rock concert but you do not have sore eardrums.
d. You heard the “Maroon 5” rock concert and you do not have sore eardrums.

24. If p is true, q is true, and r is false, what is the truth value of ( p ∨q ) ∧ ∼ r ?

a. true b. false c. invalid d. fallacy

25. Which of the following is not true?

a. A conditional proposition is true whenever the hypothesis is false.
b. The “if p then q” formulation of “You may come to the party only if you are invited” is “If you are invited then you may
come to the party”.
c. The converse of “If Dale is smart then Trina likes Dale” is “If Trina likes Dale, then Dale is smart”.
d. The contrapositive of “If Shirley will take a bus, then she will be late” is “If Shirley will not be late then Shirley will not
take a bus”.
For numbers 26- 27. Given p: Jill can sing.
q: Jack can play.
r: I’ll buy the compact disc.
s: I’ll buy the compact disc player.

26. Which is the symbolic representation of the argument below?

“If Jill can sing or Jack can play, then I’ll buy the compact disc. Jill can sing. I’ll buy the compact disc player.
Therefore, I’ll buy the compact disc and the compact disc player.”
p→q→r ( p ∧q)→ r ( p ∨q)→ r ( p ∨q)→ r
p p p p
a. b. c. d.
s r s s
r →s r→s r∨ s r∧ s

27. What can you say about the validity of the argument?
a. The argument is questionable. c. The argument is a fallacy.
b. The argument is valid. D. The argument is invalid.
28. Which of the following is logically equivalent to q → p?
a. p∨ q b. p ∨ q c. q → p d. p → q
29. What is the negation of the statement “All butterflies are insects”?
a. Some butterflies are insects
b. Some butterflies are not insects.
c. No butterflies are insects
d. At least one butterfly is an insect
30. The statement “Ana did not play the drums” is an example of a
a. simple statement c. false statement
b. compound statement d. true statement

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31. Which of the following statements is a tautology?

a. ¿)∨∼q c. ∼ p ∧(q ⟷ ∼q)

b. ¿ q)⟷ ∼ q d. none of these

32. Write the symbolic form of the statement “If Mary does not send me an e-mail, then I can call her, or we can communicate
through texting”

a. ¿q)∨ r b. ¿q) ∨ r c. p ⟶ ¿q∨ r) d. ∼ p ⟶ ¿q ∨ r)

33. Which statement is logically equivalent to “If John goes to the Championship game then he will not go to his office”.
a. John does not go to the championship game or he will not go to his office.
b. John goes to the championship game or he will not go to his office.
c. John does not go to the championship game and he will not go to his office.
d. John goes to the championship game and he will not go to his office.
34. Determine the truth value of the compound statement “New Year’s Day is in January and Valentines’ Day is in February, if and
only if July is ninth month in a year.
a. True b. False c. either true or false d. cannot be determined

i. Today is not Sunday or the library is open.

ii. If today is Sunday, then the library is not open.
iii. If the library is open, then today is not Sunday.

a. i and ii b. i and iii c. ii and iii d. i, ii and iii

35. Using the standard forms of arguments supply the logical conclusion to an argument below
I am stressed out or I have the flu.
I do not have the flu
Therefore
a. I am not stressed out. c. I am stressed out.
b. I do not have a flu. D. I have a flu.
36. What is the negation of the statement “No animals can fly”

a. Some animals can fly.

b. At least one animal can fly.
c. Some animals cannot fly.
d. Either a or b
37. Use De Morgan’s Law to find a statement equivalent to “Neither is the chilly spicy nor is the sour cream cold”.
a. The chilly is not spicy, but the cream is cold.
b. The chilly is not spicy or the cream is cold.
c. It is not true that the chilly is spicy and the cream is cold.
d. c. It is not true that the chilly is spicy or the cream is cold.

38. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

a. Symbolic arguments use the connectives and, or, if then and if and only if.
b. Syllogistic statements use the quantifiers all, some and none.
c. Symbolic arguments use truth tables or standard forms of arguments to determine its validity
d. A valid argument is also termed as fallacy.
39. Tom is 5 years older than Sarah. If x represents Sarah’s age, how do you represent Tom’s age?
a. 5-x b. x+5 c. x-5 d. x + (x+5)

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40. In a certain election, several students collected signatures to place a candidate on the ballot. these signatures, 25% were
thrown out as invalid. Then a further 20 % of those remaining were eliminated. What % of the original number were left?
a. 40 b. 50 c. 60 d. 70
41. If A= {1 , 3 , 5} and B = {2 , 4 , 6 } and C is the set of all numbers which are the sum of a number in A and a number in B, how
many numbers are in set C?
a. 5 b.6 c. 7 d. 9
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42. Twenty books were packed in two boxes. If the number of books in the smaller box was the number of books in the
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larger box, how many books were there in the larger box?
a. 5 b. 12 c. 15 d. 16
2 3
43. Mary has d dollars to spend and goes on a shopping spree. First she spends of her money on shoes. Then she spends of
5 4
1
what’s left on a few books. Finally she buys a raffle ticket that costs
3
Of the remaining dollars. What fraction of d is left?
1 3 1 3
a. b. c. d.
10 20 5 10
16 32 64 64
44. Three consecutive terms in the geometric sequence are , , . If is the sixth term of the sequence, find the
27 81 243 243
second term.
8 4 2 6
a. b. c. d.
9 3 3 7
45. At a certain Senior High School, 12 students take Programming and 200 take Statistics. Of these, 50 students
take both Programming and Statistics. An additional 80 students take neither programming nor Statistics. How many students take
programming but not Statistics?
a. 150 b. 130 c. 70 d. 280 f
For numbers 45-48:
Suppose F(x,y) denotes “x watches y”
where x is a student in the International School
y is a set of different Musical plays
Translate the following into symbols using quantifier
45. For all students in the International School, there exists at least one Musical Play that the students watch.
a. ∀ y ∃ x F (x , y ) b. ∀ x ∃ y F (x , y ) c. ∃ y ∃ x F(x , y) d. ∃ x ∃ yF (x , y )
46. There exists at least one Musical Play that every student in International School watch.
a. ∃ y ∀ x F (x, y) b. ∃ x ∀ y F(x,y) c. ∃ y ∀ y F(x,y) d. ∃ x ∀ x F(x,y)
47. Some Musical Plays are watched by at least one student in International School.
c. ∃ y ∃ x F(x , y) d. ∃ x ∃ yF (x , y ) c. ∀ x ∀ y F (x , y) d. ∀ y ∀ x F (x , y)
48. Each student in the international school watches the different Musical plays.
a. ∀ x F (x , y ) b. ∀ y F (x , y) c. ∃ y F (x , y ) d. ∃ x F(x , y)
49. Translate the following into symbols: There is an integer whose square is twice itself.
a. ∀ x :2 x=x 2, for all real numbers x
b. ∃ x :2 x =x2 , for all real numbers x
c. ∀ x : x 2=2 x , for all integers x
d. ∃ x : x 2=2 x , for all integers x
50. Which of the following is a proposition?
x
a. is a real number c. 2x+4¿0
5
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 b. That man is a painter d. x+5 = 7;
51. f(x) = 2x, for 0 < x < 3, is transformed onto g(x) by rotating f(x) along origin 2700, find g(x)
a. g(x) = ½ x, -6 < x < 0 b. g(x) = -1/2 x, -3 < x < 0 c. g(x) = -2x, -3 < x < 0 d. none of these
52. Reflect f(x) = x 2, 0 < x < 4, o ver y = x.
a. f ( x )= √ x , 0<x<16 b. f ( x )=−√ x , 0<x<16 d. f(x) = -x2, 0<x<16 d. none of these

53. Which of the following compound propositions is a Tautology?

a. ∼ ( ∼ P ∨Q ) ∨Q b. [ ( p →q ) ∧∼ q ] → ∼ p
c. [ ( p ∨ q ) ∧∼ p]→ q d. p →( p∧ q)