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FM5

fluid mechanics experiment 5

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Rajesh Bunker
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9 views

FM5

fluid mechanics experiment 5

Uploaded by

Rajesh Bunker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise-5

To determine Metacentric Height

Objective:
To determine the metacentric height of a typical float.

Equipments:
1. A Tank
2. A Floating Ship which contains horizontal beam at its middle and a movable
pointer on a graduated scale at the center of horizontal beam.
3. Weights

General:
Metacentre is the theoretical point at which an imaginary vertical line passing
through the centre of buoyancy and centre of gravity intersects the imaginary vertical
line through a new centre of buoyancy created when the body is displaced, or tipped,
in the water, however little.
The centre of buoyancy of a floating body is the point about which all the body parts
exactly buoy each other—in other words, the effective centre of the displaced water.
The metacentre remains directly above the centre of buoyancy regardless of the tilt of
a floating body, such as a ship. When at rest on even keel, the vessel’s centre of
buoyancy is directly below the centre of gravity as well as below the metacentre.
When a vessel tilts, one side displaces more water than does the other, and the centre
of buoyancy moves and is no longer directly under the centre of gravity, but,
regardless of the amount of the tilt, the centre of buoyancy remains directly below the
metacentre.
If the metacentre is above the centre of gravity, buoyancy restores stability when the
ship tilts. The stability increases with the distance between metacentre and centre of
gravity, called the metacentric height. If the metacentre is below the centre of gravity,
the boat is unstable, and a tilt results in capsizing.
Metacentric height of a floating body can be found using the following formula:

Where,
GM = Metacentric height
w1 = Additional weight added
Y = Distance of w1 from center
W = Weight of floating ship
θ= Tilt Angle

Terminology:
Buoyancy
It is the tendency of fluid to lift a submerged body.
Force of Buoyancy
It is the resultant upward force or thrust exerted by a fluid on submerged body.

Center of Gravity
It is the point where is weight of the body is acting.

Center of Buoyancy
It is the point to which force of Buoyancy is acting. Center of Buoyancy is center of
gravity of volume of liquid displace by the body, or in 2D case, we can say that
center of Area if immersed section.

Metacenter
It is the point of intersection of symmetrical axis of floating body and the new line of
action of force of Buoyancy.

Metacentric Height
It is the distance between center of gravity and Metacenter.

Procedure:
1. Take an empty tank and fill it with water up to 2/3rd of its height and note down
the height of water level (Z1).
2. Now place the floating ship in the tank and note down the rise in the water level
(Z2).
3. Adjust the floating ship in such a way that the pointer should show zero reading on
the graduated scale.
4. After adjusting, add weight (w1) to the horizontal beam of floating ship at a known
distance (Y) from the center of the beam.
5. Now the ship will tilt at some angle on one side and observe the tilt angle on
graduated scale and note it down.
6. Repeat the same procedure for four more times by keeping the load constant and
varying the distance or by keeping the distance constant and varying the load.
7. In this case, distance is kept constant as (Y) and weight is varied.
8. Finally, calculate the metacentric height using the given formula.

Observation:
Height of water level in the tank, Z1 =
Height of water level in the tank after placing floating ship, Z2 =
Area of tank, A = Length x Width
θ= Tilt Angle

Observation Table:

Calculation:
Difference in height of water levels, Z = Z2 – Z1

Volume of water displaced from the tank due to floating ship, V = Z x A

Weight of floating ship, W = V x Density of water

Formula to calculate metacentric height (GM) of floating body is

Result:
The Metacentric Height of the floating body has been determined.

Precautions:
1. Equipment should be in levelled condition.
2. Reading must be taken when the water is in steady condition.
3. Unbalanced mass should be measured carefully.
4. Reading of tilt is to be taken when the pendulum becomes steady and does not
fluctuate.

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