RTS

epidemi
Root maturation

formhairs

activity
protoplasm
dense
thimble-like structure

Modifications of Root :

AJ Tap Root :

① fusiform root 2) Napiform Root 3) Conical

X ② Root
of food . C
storage
storage offood .
&MS storage offood .

-spindened Oerical m

raddish
[Raphinus
sativus]
Beetroot , Turnip
Beta
Vulgaris I shed

Total
arro
B) Adventitious Roots :
Grounded (storagefood)
=
of

1) berous
T o Root :
2) fasciculated
-
Root :

mode stemtreat
node

·
=

(22P]
Sweet
potatoot Asparagus
Dahlia
node=
,

roots
I
many
.

3) Root
Moniliform 4) Modulose
roots :

Spirnach [olaracia]

# >
-

Beadedpearance mat
/ adrak, amahaldi ,

swollen mangoginger.
.
 Mechanical Support
①
Proproots
1 :
Banyan tree D
Scri/Sub-aerial
Roots Kevada
Panda,
[ficus bengalensis
&
maize ,
,
sugarcane

s
propouts

F
1

* D
A
-Libr is

3)
Root
Himbing
Qinging
roots 4) as

· a
Tclimbinglots -

English Ivy Pothos

, Betel/Piper .
②
Respiratory
Roots :

eg : Pneumatophores [scampy marshy

,

mangrove , Rizopora -

& epiphytic
Roots :

Vanda
torchids ,

-
· >
-
cuscuta
Parasitic
plant
 Ettems
① Undergroud :

retat
per :

to berosm

·D
more t
 erial Strawberry jasmine
O
int
1) Ber Grass
:
- a) Stolon
-colocasia :
-
.

m.. I IN
n
N

i* Parthenocarpic fruit are seedless .

Tucker
-
*
Drope- > Pericarp is thick & fleshy .
 Lecture : 04

valuate >
-

calotropis
Twisted -> China rose ,
lady's finger ,
cotton .
Imbricate +
gulmonar ,
casia

Vexillary -
pea a bean . is family Malvaceal 4) family composite

family curcifer a Family

5) Graminae

3) family Leguminosae
marginal +
peo
axile >
-
china rose lemon tomato
,
,

parietal -
mustard , argenone
free central >
-
Dianthus ,
Primrose
Basal +
Marigold Sunflower ,

Br >
- Bracteate Ks -
polysepalous
k +
Calyx k(s) +
gamosepalous
C- > Corolla

+ Perionth Itepals
A- > Androeciune
G >
-

Gynoecium & ->

superior ovary
male >
-
o - > inferior ovary
female >
-
of
Bisexual +
OI
Actinomorphic >
-

>%
zygomorphic
-

>
-
Floral diagram .

All pulses >

-

fabaceae/Legumino- Sa2 .

All cereals >

-

graminae/poaceal.
 * Family Jabaceae/Leguminosae *

The family was earlier called papilionadae ,

a
subfamily
of family Leguminosae .

>
- rhizobium .

& Trees ,
shurbs ,
herbs ,
roots with root nodules
2) Stem : freet or climber .

3) leaves : Alternate ,
Pinnately ,
pulvinate ,
stipulate ,
reticulate ·

n Inflorescence :
Racemose .

5) flower : Bisexual ,
zygomorphic .

6) Calyx :
sepals(s) , gamosepalous ,
valuate) Imbricate ·

7) Corolla :
Vexillary ,
petals fire , polypetalous ,
Papilionaceous
8) Androecium : 10 , diadelphus (9) + 1 .

9) Gynoecium :
Superior ovary moncarpellary , ,
unilocular with many
,

ourles
style single
.

10) Fruit :
legume ,
seed ,
one to
many ,
non-endospermic
ex-albuminous .

1)

Economic
soyae

seeggramkhasem ,mong
e
,

folder :
eg : Sesbania
,
Trifolium .

namentals :
&u eg Lupin
:
,
sweet pea
Medicine :

eg
: Muliathi

11 Floral
formula : 0
% K(s) +2 12 Aca
+ + ,
-

Meet
1 Floral Diagan : corolla , + c +
2)
 Family Golanaceae Potato Family
i) Tropics , subtropics a temperate zones .

2) Herbs ,
shurbs , rarely small trees
,
no
large trees .

3) Stem : Herbaceous ,
rarely woody ,
erect
, cylindrical ,
aerial ,
branched
,
solid/hollow , hairy /glabrous.
Underground stem in potato .

4) leaves : Alternate
, simple ,
rarely pinnately , exstipulate reticulate
,

5) Inflorescence : Politary axillary in solanum .

cymose
or
,

6) Calyx Sepals 5 united persistent valuate

:

, , ,

7) Corolla : Petals 5
,
united ,
valuate

8) Androecirre : Stamens 5
., Epipetalous [[A]
9) Gynoecium :
Bicarpellary ,
Bilocular , syncarpous , ovary superior ,

avile -

10] fruits :
Berry or
capsule
is seed :
endospermous/Albuminous .

12)
conomic : food
eg Tomato Brinjal
: :
, ,
Potato

Spice :
eg : Chilli

Medicine :
eg :
Belladong Ashwagandha ,

fumigatory :
eg
: Tobacco .

Ornamentals Petunia
eg
: : -

13) Floral formula :

#KIs) (1) As G2

(2) floral

:
Diagram
 Family Liliaceae / Lily Family
1) Perennial herbs with
underground bulbs/corms/rhizomes .

2) leaves :
mostly basal alternate ,
linear exstipulate , parallel venation .

, ,

3) inflorescence :
Solitary , cymose , umbellate clusters .

n) flower : Bisexual , Actinomorphic -

5) Perionth :
tepal Six (3 + 3) valuate ,
often united into tobe .

6) Androecium : stamen six ,

3t3
, epipetalous/epiphyllous .

7) Gynoecium :
tricarpellary , syncarpors , ovary superior ,
trilocular with
avile
many ovules
, placentation.
8 Fruit capsule
:
rarely berry ,

9)Seed Endospermous/Albuminous
: .

10] Economic Ornamentals

:
ep Tulip Gloriosa : :
,

Medicine
eg Aloe
: : .

Vegetables 29 Asparagus
: : .

colchicine :
eg : colchicium autumnale
11) floral
formula :
Br #
of p13 + 3) Ag+ #(3)

12) Floral Diagram

:

do
-
2
S
&

↑
 Family Malvaecae Mallow Cotton
Family
& zun
genera with almost 4225 species
2) cotton ,
cocoa ,
okra [Bhindi] ,
hibiscus
3) stem : shrubs ,
herbs
,
trees
, lianas(woody climber] .

4) leaves : alternate
, palmate , stipulate
5) flowers :
Solitary , cymose ,
ebractate
,
actinomorphic , Bisexual .

* Presence of epicalyx is the characteristic feature . *

6) fruits : nuts
, capsules shizocarps , loculusidal , capsules
7) Calyx : 5
sepals ,
united ,
valuate

8) covolla : Spetals free twisted/Imbricate .

, ,

indefinite [Ap]
S monoadelphous epipetalus
9 Androecium : stames
, ,

10
Gynoecium :
hypogynous ,
pentacapellary , syncarpors ,
axile .

li seed : non endospermic/exalbuminous .

12] economic :
food :
eg : okra Abelmoschus esculenthes·
fibres :
ep
: seeds of Gossypirne [cotton]
Ornamental Cotton
eg China rose Malva ,
:
: rose
-
, ,

althaea
* presence of mucilage .

12) floral
formula :
Ebo Epi K(s) Cs Al Gs-o

13] floral >

- epicalyx [Epis 1)
-
-

diagram

me
>
- calyx (s)

Gynoecium [Penta carpellary

 Family Crusiferae/Brassicaceae/Mustard family
1338 genera ,
3700 species.
2) many plants of economic importance >
-

especially those of
the Genera Brassica- cabbage ,
broccoli , Brussels sprouts
,
Kale
,
,

kohlrabi napa cabbage turnip G cabbage

, ,
.
3) Stere usually herbs shrubs
,treesabsent).
pungenhell
:
, ,

1) Leaves :
simple alternate , exstipulate.
,

5) flowers : crucifix y petals 4

sepals
,
, , mostly actinomorphic .
6) Androecium : 4
long ,
2 short stamens in a whorls
-tetradynamous .

#)
y noecium
: 2 chambered superior ovary , bicarpellary ,

syncarpors parietal ,
,
unilocular ovary ,
has a
false
septum called replum
9) stem :
erect
,
corm-like
,
thickened
,
herbaceous .

9) Inflorescence >
-
Raceme

10] fruit :
siliqua/silicula .

ii) seed small non-endospermic /ex-albuminous. valuate

Ebr 12 [AthG()
>
-

i Foral
formula : +

↓imbricate
1 Floral
Diagram :

[inNCERE]
g
30

In
cononomic : radish , turnip
,
cauliflower , cabbage ,
seeds : Mustard , sarson Kali sarson .
,

Iberis
ornamental :
T
, Alyssum , Arabis .
zygomorphic
 Family Compositae/Astereace

I largest family of
angiosperm >
-
900
genera &13000 species
& Habit :
Annual/perennial herb , rarely tree/climber .

3) leaves : Alternate
,
simple or compound , pinnately or palmately ,

petiolate .

1) Inflorescence : Racemose
,
Head or capitulum .
5) flowers :
usually bisexual ,
some unisexual or ,
neutral

actinomorphic ,
pentamerous & epigynous.
6] Calyx :
 - amily Graminae/Poaceae
1) Grass family
2) * Largest monocot
family
3) Economic importance :
Food : wheat ,
millet ,
vice
, barley ,

jowar bajra sugarcane

, ,
.

lawns by grasses
Alcohol
Beverages Bamboo paper industry . ,
, ,

* economically most important

4) mostly they are herbs/shrubs rarely free /bamboo
family .

5)Stem Herbaceous spirally evect

cylindrical
:
, , ,

* Stems of grasses are known as culm .

6) They're monocot = simple ,

alternate , parallel leaves .

of
7) floral characters : 1) spikes
of spikelets/panicles
spikelets
2) covering of glumes rice
+ cluster of
3) Are Bractate
2) 2-3 flowers , covered by
a lower
upper Palace by Lama

Dine
spikelet

-pomes
we

5) Perionth is present known as lodicule .

Bisexual
6) Zygomorphic ,
7) Androecium :
polyandrous [3]
Monocapellary [superior
:
Gynoecium ovary),
Basal placentation.
sided
fruit caryopsis (completelyfurnit
:
one .