Nature of Chapter:

1) It’s a very basic beginning Chapter, and that’s what makes it very
important.

2) Understanding of Definitions will determine, how many doubts you

are going to Face

3) Only one topic will bother you in beginning, which is Subset.

4) Actual chapter starts in second half.

 Weightage of Sets + Relations (Last 5 years)
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Average

JEE Main 2.2 % 2.1 % 1.4 % 1.5 % 0.8 % 1.6 %

Jee Advanced 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0.6 %

 SETS
● Definition and description of sets
● Types of Sets
● Subsets
● Power set
● Operations on Sets
● Cardinality based problems
 SETS
Critical Topics in the Chapter

● Operations on Sets
● Cardinality based problems
Definition and Description of sets
 Definition and description of sets

Definition

A set is a collection of well defined objects.

 Definition and description of sets

Definition

A set is a collection of well defined objects.

NOTE

(a) Sets are generally denoted by capital letters like A, B, X, Y etc.

Elements of the set are denoted by small letters like a, b, x, y etc.
 Definition and description of sets

Definition

A set is a collection of well defined objects.

NOTE

(a) Sets are generally denoted by capital letters like A, B, X, Y etc.

Elements of the set are denoted by small letters like a, b, x, y etc.
(b) If a is an element of the set A, then it’s written as a ∈ A.
(c) Elements are not repeated in the set.
 Definition and description of sets

Description
Sets are described in two ways.
 Definition and description of sets

Description
Sets are described in two ways.

(i) Roster form

Elements are listed using commas and

brackets

For example: If A be the set of Whole

numbers less than 5, then
A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
 Definition and description of sets

Description
Sets are described in two ways.

(i) Roster form (ii) Set Builder form

Elements are listed using commas and Elements are told by telling the
brackets property or rule they follow

For example: If A be the set of Whole For example: If A be the set of Whole
numbers less than 5, then numbers less than 5, then
A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} A = {x : x ∈ W and x < 5}
or {x | x ∈ W and x < 5}.
 Match the following
Q
(a) {A, P, L, E} (i) {x : x + 5 = 5, x ∈ Z}

(b) {5, -5} (ii) {x : x is a prime number & a divisor of 10}

(c) {0} (iii) {x : x ∈ N & divisor of 10}

(d) {1, 2, 5, 10} (iv) {x: x2 - 25 = 0}

(v) {x : x is a letter of the word APPLE}

 Write the following set in Set builder form:
Q
(a) A = { 2, 3, 5} (b) B = {0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 }
 Write the following set in Set builder form:
Q
(a) A = { 2, 3, 5} (b) B = {0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 }

Solution:
1
(a) Given set is A = {2, 3, 5}
By observation, we can say
A = {x: x is a prime divisor of 30}

(b) Given set is B = {0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 }

By observation, we can say
B = {x : x = 3n, n ∈ W and n < 8 }
Slide 15

1 this is wrong. ismein 1 bhi aa jayega.

add: and x is not equal to 1
Arvind Kalia, 30-06-2023
Q Write the following set in Set builder form:
Q Write the following set in Set builder form:

Solution:
Types of Sets
 Types of sets

Null set or Empty set or Void set

A set which does not contain any element is called Empty set or Null set or Void set.

It’s denoted by 𝜙 or { }.
 Types of sets

Singleton Set

A set containing single element is called singleton set.

Remark

E.g. {z} , { 1 } are singleton sets.

 Types of sets

Singleton Set

A set containing single element is called singleton set.

Remark

E.g. {z} , {0} , {𝜙} , { {1,4,5} } are singleton sets.

 Types of sets

Finite Set
A set which is either empty or has finite number of elements is called a
finite set.

Remark

Number of elements in a finite set A is called the order or the

cardinality of the set A, generally denoted by O(A) or n(A).
Q If A = {p, q, {r, s} }, then n(A) = _____.

A 2

B 3

C 4

D None

Recall

{z}, {0}, { }, { {3,4,5} } are singleton sets.

Q If A = {p, q, {r, s} }, then n(A) = _____.

A 2

B 3

C 4

D None
Q If A = {p, q, {r, s} }, then n(A) = _____.

Solution:

Given A = {p, q, {r, s} }

Here, {r, s} is an element of A
So, n(A) = 3
 Types of sets

Infinite Set
A set having infinite number of elements is called infinite set.

E.g: (i) { 1, 1/2 , 1/3 , 1/4 , … }

(ii) {..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ...} etc.

 Types of sets

Equal Set
Two sets are said to be equal if they have exactly the same elements.

E.g: If A = {0, 1, 2} , B = {2, 1, 0} , C = {0, 1, 1, 2}, then A = B = C.

 Types of sets

Equivalent Sets
Two finite sets are said to be equivalent if their cardinalities are equal.
E.g: { a, b, c, d } is equivalent to { 1, 2, 3, 4 }.
Subsets
 Subsets
Definition

Set A is said to be a subset of set B if every element of A is also an element of B.

It is generally denoted as A ⊂ B.

Ex. (1) If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4}, then A ⊂ B

 Subsets
Definition

Set A is said to be a subset of set B if every element of A is also an element of B.

It is generally denoted as A ⊂ B.

Ex. (1) If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4}, then A ⊂ B

(2) If P = { {1, 2}, 3, 4 } and Q = {{1 ,2}, 3, 4 } then P ⊂ Q
 Subsets

State True/ False:

(1) {{1, 2}, 3} ⊂ {1, 2, 3, 4} (2) {a, b, c} ⊂ {{a, b, c}, d}

 Subsets

State True/ False:

(3) {𝝓} ⊂ {{𝝓}} (4) {𝝓, {𝝓} } ⊂ {𝝓, {𝝓}, {{𝝓}}}

 Subsets

NOTE

(a) Every set is a subset of itself.

(b) ɸ is a subset of all sets.
(c) A ⊂ B and B ⊂ A ⇒ A = B .
Q Write subsets of the set {a, b}.
Q Write subsets of the set {a, b}.

Solution:

Let A = {a, b}
The subsets of A are: 𝜙 , {a}, {b}, {a, b}.
Q If A = {a}, B = {{a}, b} and C = {{a}, b, c}, then
which of the following is INCORRECT ?

A A∈B

B B⊂C

C A⊂ C

D A⊄C
Q If A = {a}, B = {{a}, b} and C = {{a}, b, c}, then
which of the following is INCORRECT ?

A A∈B

B B⊂C

C A⊂ C

D A⊄C
Q If A = {a}, B = {{a}, b} and C = {{a}, b, c}, then
which of the following is INCORRECT ?

Solution:
We have : and
Clearly, and

And, as

Thus, ‘C’ is incorrect.

 Subsets

Subsets of Real Numbers

● Set of Natural Numbers
● Set of Whole Numbers
● Set of Integers

● Set of Rational Numbers

● Set of Irrational Numbers

● Some relations among these subsets are
Power Set
 Power Set
Definition

The collection of all the subsets of a set A is called the power set of A,
denoted by P(A).
Q Write the power set of the following sets:
(a) A = {1, 2, 3} (b)
Q Write the power set of the following sets:
(a) A = {1, 2, 3} (b)

Solution:

(a) Given A = {1, 2, 3}

P(A) = {ɸ, {1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 2} {2, 3}, {1, 3}, {1, 2, 3}}

(b)
 Result

If n(A) = p, then the number of subsets of A is 2p.

 Two finite sets A and B have p and q number of
Q
elements respectively. If number of elements in
power set of A is 56 more than number of elements
in power set of B, then the value of p + q is ____.
 Two finite sets A and B have p and q number of
Q
elements respectively. If number of elements in
power set of A is 56 more than number of elements
in power set of B, then the value of p + q is ____.

Solution:
Given that n(A) = p and n(B) = q
Number of elements in power set of A = 2p
Number of elements in power set of B = 2q
Now, 2p = 56 + 2q
⇒ 2p - 2q = 56
⇒ (2p - q . 2q) - 2q= 8 x 7
⇒ 2q(2p - q - 1)= 23 (23 - 1)
Comparing both sides
q = 3 and p - q = 3
⇒ q = 3 and p = 6
∴p+q=9
Operations on Sets
To understand operations on sets, first we need to know the term
“universal set”.
Universal Set
If we talk about any particular context in sets then the set which is super set of
all possible sets in the given context is called universal set.
(Generally, it’s given in the question).
Universal Set
If we talk about any particular context in sets then the set which is super set of
all possible sets in the given context is called universal set.
(Generally, it’s given in the question).

Venn Diagram

Ex. A = {1, 2, 3}
B = {3, 4, 5}
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
 Operations on Sets

Following are the operations on sets that we are now going to learn.

● Union of two Sets

● Intersection of two Sets

● Difference of two Sets

● Symmetric Difference of two Sets

● Complement of a Set
 Operations on Sets

Union of two Sets

A ∪ B = {x : x ∈ A or x ∈ B}

Ex. {1, 2, 3} ∪ {2, 3, 4} = {1, 2, 3, 4}

A B
 Operations on Sets

Intersection of two Sets

A ∩ B = {x : x ∈ A and x ∈ B simultaneously}

Ex. {1, 2, 3} ∩ {2, 3, 4} = {2, 3}

A B
Q Let A = {x: x is a multiple of 4}
and B = {x: x is a multiple of 6}. Then A ∩ B is given by

A {4, 8, 12}

B {6, 12, 18, 24, ...}

C {12, 24, 36, …}

D {24, 48, 72, …}

Q Let A = {x: x is a multiple of 4}
and B = {x: x is a multiple of 6}. Then A ∩ B is given by

A {4, 8, 12}

B {6, 12, 18, 24, ...}

C {12, 24, 36, …}

D {24, 48, 72, …}

Q Let A = {x: x is a multiple of 4}
and B = {x: x is a multiple of 6}. Then A ∩ B is given by

Solution:

Since x ∈ A ∩ B ⇔ x ∈ A and x ∈ B ⇔ x is a multiple of 4

and x is a multiple of 6
⇔ x is a multiple of 12.
Hence A ∩ B = {x | x is a multiple of 12} = {12, 24, 36, …}
Hence (C) is the correct answer.
Q Let A = {x : x = 2n, n ∈ N} , B = {x : x = 2n - 1, n ∈ N}
and C = {x : x is prime natural number}. Find
(a) A ∩ B (b) A ∩ C (c) B ∩ C
Q Let A = {x : x = 2n, n ∈ N} , B = {x : x = 2n - 1, n ∈ N}
and C = {x : x is prime natural number}. Find
(a) A ∩ B (b) A ∩ C (c) B ∩ C

Solution:
A = {x: x = 2n, n ∈ N }
⇒A = {2, 4, 6, 8, ….},
B = {x : x = 2n - 1, n ∈ N }
⇒B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, . . .}
C = {x : x is prime natural number}
⇒C = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, . . .}

(a) A ∩ B = 𝟇
(b) A ∩ C = {2}
(c) B ∩ C = {x : x is prime natural number, x ≠ 2}
 JEE Main 26th July, 2022

Q Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and B = {3, 6, 7, 9}. Then the number

of elements in the set { C : C ⊆ A and C ∩ B ≠ 𝟇} is
 JEE Main 26th July, 2022

Q Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and B = {3, 6, 7, 9}. Then the

number of elements in the set { C ⊆ A : C ∩ B ≠ 𝟇} is

Ans: 112
 JEE Main 26th July, 2022

Q Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and B = {3, 6, 7, 9}. Then the

number of elements in the set { C ⊆ A : C ∩ B ≠ 𝟇} is

Solution:
 Operations on Sets

NOTE

(a) If C ⊂ B, then
(i) C ∪ B = B
(ii) C ∩ B = C
 Operations on Sets

NOTE

(a) If C ⊂ B, then
(i) C ∪ B = B
(ii) C ∩ B = C

(b) C ∩ (B ∪ A) = (C ∩ B) ∪ (C ∩ A);
C ∪ (B ∩ A) = (C ∪ B) ∩ (C ∪ A)
 Operations on Sets

NOTE

(a) If C ⊂ B, then
(i) C ∪ B = B
(ii) C ∩ B = C

(b) C ∩ (B ∪ A) = (C ∩ B) ∪ (C ∩ A);
C ∪ (B ∩ A) = (C ∪ B) ∩ (C ∪ A)

(c) If C ∩ B = ɸ, then C and B are called disjoint sets.

 Operations on Sets

Complement of a Sets

Ac or A’ = {x : x ∉ A and x ∈ U} Ac

E.g: If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, then

A
complement of {1, 2, 3, 4} is {5, 6}.
 If A = {1, 3, 5, 7, . . . }, B = {2, 4, 6, 8, . . . } and N is the
Q
universal set, then A’ ∪ ((A ∪ B) ∩ B’) is

A A

B N

C B

D Real Numbers
 If A = {1, 3, 5, 7, . . . }, B = {2, 4, 6, 8, . . . } and N is the
Q
universal set, then A’ ∪ ((A ∪ B) ∩ B’) is

A A

B N

C B

D Real Numbers
 If A = {1, 3, 5, 7, . . . }, B = {2, 4, 6, 8, . . . } and N is the
Q
universal set, then A’ ∪ ((A ∪ B) ∩ B’) is

Solution:

We have, (A ∪ B) ∩ B’ = A
((A ∪ B) ∩ B’) ∪ A’ = A ∪ A’ = N
Hence (B) is the correct answer
 Operations on Sets

NOTE

(a) (Ac)c = A
 Operations on Sets

NOTE

(a) (Ac)c = A

(b) A ∪ Ac = U
 Operations on Sets

NOTE

(a) (Ac)c = A

(b) A ∪ Ac = U

(c) A ∩ B = 𝜙 ⇒ A ⊂ Bc
 Operations on Sets

De-Morgan’s Laws
(i) (A ∪ B)c = Ac ∩ Bc

(ii) (A ∩ B)c = Ac ∪ Bc
 Operations on Sets

Difference of two sets

A – B (or) A\B = {x : x ∈ A and x ∉ B}

A B
 Operations on Sets

Difference of two sets

A – B (or) A\B = {x : x ∈ A and x ∉ B}

Eg. {1, 2, 3} – {2, 3, 4} =

Eg. {1,2,3} \ {4,5} =

A B
 Operations on Sets

Observation

A \ B = A ∩ Bc
 JEE Main 12th Apr, 2019
Let A, B and C be sets such that 𝟇 ≠ A ∩ B ⊆ C . Then
Q
which of the following statements is NOT true ?

A If (A - B) ⊆ C, then A ⊆ C

B B∩C≠𝟇

C (C U A) ∩ (C U B) = C

D If (A - C) ⊆ B, then A ⊆ B
 JEE Main 12th Apr, 2019
Let A, B and C be sets such that 𝟇 ≠ A ∩ B ⊆ C . Then
Q
which of the following statements is NOT true ?

A If (A - B) ⊆ C, then A ⊆ C

B B∩C≠𝟇

C (C U A) ∩ (C U B) = C

D If (A - C) ⊆ B, then A ⊆ B
 JEE Main 12th Apr, 2019
Let A, B and C be sets such that 𝟇 ≠ A ∩ B ⊆ C . Then
Q
which of the following statements is NOT true ?

Solution:

Here, A ∩ B ⊆ C and A ∩ B ≠ 𝟇

Now, from the venn diagram,

it is clear that B ∩ C ≠ 𝟇, is true.

Also, (C U A) ∩ (C U B) = C U (A ∩ B) = C, is true

If (A - B) ⊆ C , for this statement the venn diagram is

From the venn diagram,

it is clear that (A - B) ⊆ C, then A ⊆ C.
 JEE Main 12th Apr, 2019
Let A, B and C be sets such that 𝟇 ≠ A ∩ B ⊆ C . Then
Q
which of the following statements is NOT true ?

Solution:

Now, If (A - C) ⊆ B , for this statement the venn

diagram is

From the venn diagram,

it is clear that A ∩ B ≠ 𝟇, A ∩ B ⊆ C and A - C = 𝟇 ⊆ B but A ⊆ B
 Operations on Sets

Symmetric Difference of two Sets

A B
Cardinality Based problems
 Cardinality Based problems

Result

(i) n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B)

 Cardinality Based problems

Result

(i) n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B)

(ii) n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) - n(A ∩ B)

- n(A ∩ C) - n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
Cardinality Based problems

A B
 Cardinality Based problems

Result

(a) n(A) = x1 + x2

(b) n(only A) = x1 x4
(c) n(B) = x2 + x3 x2
x1 x3
(d) n(only B) = x3
A B
(e) n(none of A or B) = x4
Q In a survey of 700 students in a college, 180 were listed
as drinking Limca, 275 as drinking Mirinda and 95 were
listed as both drinking Limca as well as Mirinda.
(a) Find how many students were drinking Limca only.
(b) Find how many students were drinking neither Limca
nor Mirinda.
Q In a survey of 700 students in a college, 180 were listed
as drinking Limca, 275 as drinking Mirinda and 95 were
listed as both drinking Limca as well as Mirinda.
(a) Find how many students were drinking Limca only.

Solution:
Let U be the set of all surveyed students.
A be the set of students drinking Limca and B be the set of
students drinking Mirinda.
It is given that n(U) = 700, n(A) = 180, n(B) = 275
and n(A ∩ B) = 95
(a) n(only A) = n(A) - n(A ∩ B) = 180 - 95 = 85
Q In a survey of 700 students in a college, 180 were listed
as drinking Limca, 275 as drinking Mirinda and 95 were
listed as both drinking Limca as well as Mirinda.
(b) Find how many students were drinking neither Limca
nor Mirinda.

Solution:
(b) n(A’ ∩ B’) = n(A ∪ B)’ = n(U) - n(A ∪ B)
= n(U) - [ n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)]
⇒ n(A’ ∩ B’) = 700 - (180 + 275 - 95) = 700 - 360 = 340
Q In a school, every teacher teaches either maths or
physics. If 15 teach maths, 24 teach physics, while 6
teach both, then find the number of teachers.
 Q In a school, every teacher teaches either maths or
physics. If 15 teach maths, 24 teach physics, while 6
teach both, then find the number of teachers.

Solution:
Let A be the set of teacher who teaches Maths
A B
B be the set of teacher who teaches Physics
Then n(A) = 15, n(B) = 24 and n(A ∩ B) = 6
∴ Total number of teachers,
n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)
= 15 + 24 – 6 = 33
Q In a school, there are total 33 teachers. If 15 teach
maths, 24 teach physics, then atleast how many
teachers teach both subjects ?
Q In a school, there are total 33 teachers. If 15 teach
maths, 24 teach physics, then atleast how many
teachers teach both subjects ?

Ans: 6
Q Out of 500 car owners investigated, 400 owned
Maruti car and 200 owned Hyundai car, 50 owned
both cars. Is this data correct ?
Q Out of 500 car owners investigated, 400 owned
Maruti car and 200 owned Hyundai car, 50 owned
both cars. Is this data correct ?

Solution:
Let U be the set of all car owners investigated.
M be the set of persons who owned Maruti cars and
H be the set of persons who owned Hyundai cars.
It is given that n(U) = 500, n(M) = 400, n(H) = 200
and n(M ∩ H) = 50
Now, n(M ∪ H) = n(M) + n(H) - n(M ∩ H)
= 400 + 200 - 50 = 550
But, M ∪ H ⊆ U
∴ n(M ∪ H) ≤ n(U) ⇒ n(M ∪ H) ≤ 500
This is a contradiction. So, the given data is incorrect.
 JEE Main 26th Aug, 2021

Q Out of all the patients in a hospital 89% are found

to be suffering from heart ailment and 98% are
suffering from lungs infection. If K % of them are
suffering from both the ailments, then K cannot
belong to the set:

A {80, 83, 86, 89}

B {84, 86, 88, 90}

C {79, 81, 83, 85}

D {84, 87, 90, 93}

 JEE Main 26th Aug, 2021

Q Out of all the patients in a hospital 89% are found

to be suffering from heart ailment and 98% are
suffering from lungs infection. If K % of them are
suffering from both the ailments, then K cannot
belong to the set:

A {80, 83, 86, 89}

B {84, 86, 88, 90}

C {79, 81, 83, 85}

D {84, 87, 90, 93}

 JEE Main 26th Aug, 2021

Q Out of all the patients in a hospital 89% are found

to be suffering from heart ailment and 98% are
suffering from lungs infection. If K % of them are
suffering from both the ailments, then K cannot
belong to the set:

Solution:
 JEE Main 5th Sept, 2020

Q A survey shows 73% of the persons working in an

office like coffee, whereas 65% like tea. If x
denotes the percentage of them, who like both
coffee and tea, then x cannot be:

A 63

B 36

C 54

D 38
 JEE Main 5th Sept, 2020

Q A survey shows 73% of the persons working in an

office like coffee, whereas 65% like tea. If x
denotes the percentage of them, who like both
coffee and tea, then x cannot be:

A 63

B 36

C 54

D 38
 JEE Main 5th Sept, 2020
A survey shows 73% of the persons working in an
Q
office like coffee, whereas 65% like tea. If x
denotes the percentage of them, who like both
coffee and tea, then x cannot be:
Solution:
 Cardinality Based problems

Remark

(a) If n(A) + n(B) ≥ n(U) , then minimum value of n(A ∩ B) is

given by n(A) + n(B) − n(U)
 Cardinality Based problems

Remark

(a) If n(A) + n(B) ≥ n(U) , then minimum value of n(A ∩ B) is

given by n(A) + n(B) − n(U)
(b) If n(A) + n(B) < n(U), then minimum n(A ∩ B) = 0
 Cardinality Based problems

Remark

(a) If n(A) + n(B) ≥ n(U) , then minimum value of n(A ∩ B) is

given by n(A) + n(B) − n(U)
(b) If n(A) + n(B) < n(U), then minimum n(A ∩ B) = 0
(c) Max possible value of n(A ∩ B) is n(smaller of A and B)
Q If n(A) = 5 and n(B) = 9 , then find maximum and
minimum possible values of n(A ∩ B) if
(a) n(U) = 12 (b) n(U) = 20
Q If n(A) = 5 and n(B) = 9 , then find maximum and
minimum possible values of n(A ∩ B) if
(a) n(U) = 12 (b) n(U) = 20

Solution:

(a) Given, n(A) = 5 and n(B) = 9

Here, maximum possible value of n(A ∩ B) = 5
Now, as n(U) = 12 and n(A) + n(B) = 14
Thus, minimum value of n(A ∩ B) = 2
Q If n(A) = 5 and n(B) = 9 , then find maximum and
minimum possible values of n(A ∩ B) if
(a) n(U) = 12 (b) n(U) = 20

Solution:

(a) Given, n(A) = 5 and n(B) = 9

Here, maximum possible value of n(A ∩ B) = 5
Now, as n(U) = 12 and n(A) + n(B) = 14
Thus, minimum value of n(A ∩ B) = 2

(b) Given, n(A) = 5 and n(B) = 9

Here, maximum possible value of n(A ∩ B) = 5
Now, as n(U) = 20 and n(A) + n(B) = 14
Thus, minimum value of n(A ∩ B) = 0
 A group of soldier suffered the following injuries
Q
in a battle: 70% soldiers lost an eye, 85% lost a
leg and 80% lost an arm. What is the minimum
percentage of soldier who lost all 3 body parts?
 A group of soldier suffered the following injuries
Q
in a battle: 70% soldiers lost an eye, 85% lost a
leg and 80% lost an arm. What is the minimum
percentage of soldier who lost all 3 body parts?

Ans: 35%
 A group of soldier suffered the following injuries
Q
in a battle: 70% soldiers lost an eye, 85% lost a
leg and 80% lost an arm. What is the minimum
percentage of soldier who lost all 3 body parts?

Solution:

It is given that 70% of the combatants lost one eye,

85% a leg and 80% an arm
Now the percentage of combatants who lost one
eye and one leg is: 70 + 85 - 100% = 55%.
So, the percentage of combatants who lost one
eye, one leg and one arm is: 55 + 80 - 100% = 35%.
 There are 50 students. Every student reads 10
Q
newspapers and each newspaper is read by
(i.e., shared by) 20 students. Find the number
of newspapers.

D
 There are 50 students. Every student reads 10
Q
newspapers and each newspaper is read by
(i.e., shared by) 20 students. Find the number
of newspapers.

D
 There are 50 students. Every student reads 10
Q
newspapers and each newspaper is read by
(i.e., shared by) 20 students. Find the number
of newspapers.

Solution:

Since every student reads 10 newspaper

∴ Total number of newspaper read = 10 × 50 = 500
But each news paper is shared by 20 students

∴ Actual number of newspapers =

 JEE Main 2020

Q where each Xi contains 10 elements

and each Yi contains 5 elements. If each element of the set T

is an element of exactly 20 of sets Xi’s and exactly 6 of sets
Yi’s, then n is equal to

A 50

B 15

C 30

D 45
 JEE Main 2020

Q where each Xi contains 10 elements

and each Yi contains 5 elements. If each element of the set T

is an element of exactly 20 of sets Xi’s and exactly 6 of sets
Yi’s, then n is equal to

A 50

B 15

C 30

D 45
 JEE Main 2020

Q where each Xi contains 10 elements

and each Yi contains 5 elements. If each element of the set T

is an element of exactly 20 of sets Xi’s and exactly 6 of sets
Yi’s, then n is equal to
Solution:
Cardinality Based problems

C
x3
x6 x5
x7
x4
x1 x2
A B
 Cardinality Based problems

Remark

(a) n(A) = x1 + x4 + x6 + x7 C
x3
(b) n(only A) = x1
x6 x5
(c) n(only A and B) = x1 + x4 + x2 x7
x4
(d) n(only one of A, B or C) = x1 + x2 + x3 x1 x2
(e) n(exactly two of A, B and C) = x4 + x5 + x6 A B
(f) n(A, B or C) = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 + x7
 Q Out of the members of three athletic teams in a school, 21
are in the basketball team, 26 in hockey team and 29 in
the football team, 14 play hockey and basketball, 15 play
hockey and football, 12 play football and basketball and 8
play all the games. The total number of members is

A 42

B 43

C 45

D None
Recall

n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) - n(A ∩ B) - n(A ∩ C) - n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)

Q Out of the members of three athletic teams in a school, 21
are in the basketball team, 26 in hockey team and 29 in
the football team, 14 play hockey and basketball, 15 play
hockey and football, 12 play football and basketball and 8
play all the games. The total number of members is

A 42

B 43

C 45

D None
Q Out of the members of three athletic teams in a school, 21
are in the basketball team, 26 in hockey team and 29 in
the football team, 14 play hockey and basketball, 15 play
hockey and football, 12 play football and basketball and 8
play all the games. The total number of members is

Solution:

Let B, H, F be the sets of the three teams respectively

So n(B) = 21, n(H) = 26, n(F) = 29,
n(H ∩ B) = 14, n(H ∩ F) = 15, n(F ∩ B) = 12,
n(B ∩ H ∩ F) = 8 and
n(B ∪ H ∪ F) = n(B) + n(H) + n(F) - n(H ∩ B) - n(H ∩ F)
- n(F ∩ B) + n(B ∩ H ∩ F)
= 21 + 26 + 29 - 14 - 15 - 12 + 8 = 43
Q In a town of 10,000 families it was found that 40% families
buy newspaper A, 20% families buy newspaper B and 10%
families buy newspaper C, 5% families buy A and B, 3%
buy B and C and 4% buy A and C. If 2% families buy all the
three newspapers, find the number of families which buy
(i) A only (ii) B only (iii) none of A, B and C.
 Q In a town of 10,000 families it was found that 40% families
buy newspaper A, 20% families buy newspaper B and 10%
families buy newspaper C, 5% families buy A and B, 3%
buy B and C and 4% buy A and C. If 2% families buy all the
three newspapers, find the number of families which buy
(i) A only (ii) B only (iii) none of A, B and C.

Solution:
Let A, B and C denote the sets of families buying newspaper A ,
U C
(1000) B and C respectively.
Let U be the universal set. Then n(U) = 10,000 and
200 n(A) = 40% of 10,000 = 4000, n(B) = 20% of 10,000 = 2000
n(C) = 10% of 10,000 = 1000
Similarly, n(A ∩ B) = 500, n(B ∩ C) = 300, n(A ∩ C) = 400
A (4000) B (2000) And n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 200
 Solution:
The number of families buying newspaper A and B only is
500 - 200 = 300.
Similarly, No. of families buying newspaper B and C only is
300 - 200 = 100
and Newspapers C and A only is 400 - 200 = 200
(i) No. of families buying newspaper A only
= 4000 - (300 + 200 + 200) = 3300
U 500 C
(ii) Similarly, No. of families buying newspaper B only

200 100 = 2000 - (300 + 200 + 100) = 1400

200 (iii) No. of families buying none of the newspapers
300
3300 1400 = n(U) - n(A ∪ B ∪ C)
= 10,000 - (3300 + 300 + 200 + 200 + 100 + 1400 + 500)
A B
= 4000
 Out of 280 students in class XII of a school, 135 play Hockey,
Q
110 play football, 80 play volleyball, 35 these play hockey
and football, 30 play volleyball and hockey, 20 play football
and volleyball. Also, each students plays at least one of the
three games. How many students play all the three games?
 Out of 280 students in class XII of a school, 135 play Hockey,
Q
110 play football, 80 play volleyball, 35 these play hockey
and football, 30 play volleyball and hockey, 20 play football
and volleyball. Also, each students plays at least one of the
three games. How many students play all the three games?

Ans: 40
 Out of 280 students in class XII of a school, 135 play Hockey,
Q
110 play football, 80 play volleyball, 35 these play hockey
and football, 30 play volleyball and hockey, 20 play football
and volleyball. Also, each students plays at least one of the
three games. How many students play all the three games?

Solution:
Let H, F and V be the sets of students who play hockey, football
H F
and volleyball respectively.
Let x be the number of students who play all the three games.
70 + x 35 − x
55 + x It is given that 35 students play hockey and football.
x
So, number of students who play hockey and football only is
30 − x 20 − x
(35 − x).
30 + x Similarly, the number of students playing various games are
V
written in the regions representing them in Fig.
 Out of 280 students in class XII of a school, 135 play Hockey,
Q
110 play football, 80 play volleyball, 35 these play hockey
and football, 30 play volleyball and hockey, 20 play football
and volleyball. Also, each students plays at least one of the
three games. How many students play all the three games?

Solution:
It is given that each student plays at least one of the three
H F games.
∴ n(H ∪ F ∪ V) = 280
70 + x 35 − x
55 + x ⇒ (70+x)+(35−x)+(30−x)+ x + (20−x)+(55+x)+(30+x) = 280
x
⇒ 240 + x = 280
30 − x 20 − x
⇒ x = 40
30 + x Hence, 40 students play all the three games.
V
 JEE Main 11th Apr, 2023

Q An organisation awarded 48 medals in event ‘A’, 25 in event

‘B’ and 18 in event ‘C’. If these medals went to total 60 men
and only 5 men got medals in all the three events, how
many received medals in exactly two of the three events?

A 10

B 15

C 21

D 9
 JEE Main 11th Apr, 2023

Q An organisation awarded 48 medals in event ‘A’, 25 in event

‘B’ and 18 in event ‘C’. If these medals went to total 60 men
and only 5 men got medals in all the three events, how
many received medals in exactly two of the three events?

A 10

B 15

C 21

D 9
 JEE Main 11th Apr, 2023

Q An organisation awarded 48 medals in event ‘A’, 25 in event

‘B’ and 18 in event ‘C’. If these medals went to total 60 men
and only 5 men got medals in all the three events, how
many received medals in exactly two of the three events?

Solution:

Let A, B and C denote the sets of Men who are awarded medals
C
(18) in Events A, B and C respectively.
Here, n(A) = 48, n(B) = 25, n(C) = 18, n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 60 (Total)
and n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 5
5
We know that
n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) - n(A ∩ B) - n(A ∩ C)
A B - n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
(48) (25)
⇒ n(A ∩ B) + n(A ∩ C) + n(B ∩ C) = 48 + 25 + +18 + 5 - 60 = 36
 JEE Main 11th Apr, 2023

Q An organisation awarded 48 medals in event ‘A’, 25 in event

‘B’ and 18 in event ‘C’. If these medals went to total 60 men
and only 5 men got medals in all the three events, how
many received medals in exactly two of the three events?

Solution:

Thus number of men who received medals in exactly two of the

three events = n(A ∩ B) + n(A ∩ C) + n(B ∩ C) - 3n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= 36 - 3(5) = 36 - 15 = 21