EBD_7418

104 PHYSICS

3GM 2 GM GM 4 GM value of g factor 1/4

(a) - (b) - (c) - (d) - (B) At depth h = R/2, (2) decreases by a
a a a a
68. Assuming the radius of the earth as R, the change in value of g factor 1/2
gravitational potential energy of a body of mass m, when it (C) At height h = R/2, (3) decreases by a
is taken from the earth's surface to a height 3R above its value of g factor 3/4
surface, is (D) At depth h = R / 4, (4) decreases by a
3 3 value of g factor 2/3
(a) 3 mg R (b) mg R (c) 1 mg R (d) mg R (a) (A) ® (2) ; (B) ® (1) ; (C) ® (3) ; (D) ® (4)
4 2
69. Two concentric spherical shells are as shown in figure. Match (b) (A) ® (2) ; (B) ® (2) ; (C) ® (4) ; (D) ® (3)
the following: (c) (A) ® (4) ; (B) ® (3) ; (C) ® (2) ; (D) ® (1)
B
(d) (A) ® (4) ; (B) ® (3) ; (C) ® (1) ; (D) ® (2)
A 76. The gravitational potential due to a hollow sphere
D
(mass M, radius R) varies with distance r from centre as
C
V V

Column I Column II (a) R r (b) R r

(A) Potential at A (1)
greater than B
(B) Gravitational field at A (2)
less than B
(C) As one moves (3)
potential remains
from C to D constant V V
R
(D) As one moves (4) gravitational field
from D to A decreases
(5) None r (d) R r
(c)
(a) (A) ® (2) ; (B) ® (5) ; (C) ® (3) ; (D) ® (4)
(b) (A) ® (3) ; (B) ® (2) ; (C) ® (1) ; (D) ® (4)
(c) (A) ® (4) ; (B) ® (3) ; (C) ® (2) ; (D) ® (1)
(d) (A) ® (5) ; (B) ® (3) ; (C) ® (1) ; (D) ® (2) 77. If ‘g’ is the acceleration due to gravity on the earth’s surface,
the gain in the potential energy of an object of mass ‘m’
70. The potential energy of a rock, having mass m and rotating raised from the surface of the earth to a height equal to the
at a height of 3.2 × 106 m from the earth surface, is radius ‘R' of the earth is
(a) – 6 mgRe (b) – 0.67 mgRe 1 1
(a) mgR (b) mgR (c) 2 mgR (d) mgR
(c) – 0.99 mgRe (d) – 0.33 mgRe 4 2
71. There are _______ gravitational lines of force inside a 78. Radius of moon is 1/4 times that of earth and mass is 1/81
spherically symmetric shell. times that of earth. The point at which gravitational field
(a) infinitely many due to earth becomes equal and opposite to that of moon, is
(b) zero (Distance between centres of earth and moon is 60R, where
(c) varying number depending upon surface area R is radius of earth)
(d) varying number depending upon volume (a) 5.75 R from centre of moon
72. Intensity of the gravitational field inside the hollow (b) 16 R from surface of moon
spherical shell is (c) 53 R from centre of earth
(a) variable (b) minimum (d) 54 R from centre of earth
(c) maximum (d) zero 79. Let V and E denote the gravitational potential and
73. The gravitational potential energy associated with two gravitational field at a point. It is possible to have
particles separated by a distance r, when r ® ¥, is given by (a) V = 0 and E = 0 (b) V = 0 and E ¹ 0
G m1 m 2 -G m1 m 2 (c) V ¹ 0 and E = 0 (d) All of the above
(a) (b) 80. Assertion: The gain in potential energy of an object of mass m
r r
(c) zero (d) infinity 1
raised to height equal to the radius of earth is mg R
74. Which of the following is always positive? 2
1
(a) Potential energy of an object Reason: Kinetic energy at surface = P.E at the top mv2
2
(b) Total energy of a satellite 1
(c) Kinetic energy and at the top v = gR . \ PE = mgR.
2
(d) None of these (a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
75. On the surface of earth acceleration due to gravity is g and correct explanation for assertion.
gravitational potential is V. Match the following: (b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a
Column I Column -II correct explanation for assertion
(A) At height h = R, (1) decreases by a (c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
GRAVITATION 105

81. A uniform spherical shell gradually shrinks maintaining its

2GM 4GM
shape. The gravitational potential at the centre (c) , (d) None of these
(a) increases (b) decreases 3R 3R
(c) remains constant (d) cannot say 90. The radius of the earth is reduced by 4%. The mass of the
82. The gravitational potential at the centre of a square of side earth remains unchanged. What will be the change in
'a' and four equal masses (m each) placed at the corners of a escape velocity?
square is (a) Increased by 2% (b) Decreased by 4%
(c) Increased by 6% (d) Decreased by 8%
Gm 91. Time period of a simple pendulum inside a satellite orbiting
(a) Zero (b) 4 2
a earth is
Gm Gm 2 (a) zero (b) ¥ (c) T (d) 2 T
(c) -4 2 (d) -4 2 92. A person sitting in a chair in a satellite feels weightless
a a
because
(a) the earth does not attract the objects in a satellite
Topic 5: Motion of Satellites, Escape Speed (b) the normal force bythe chair on the person balances
and Orbital Velocity the earth's attraction
(c) the normal force is zero
83. To have an earth synchronous satellite it should be launched (d) the person in satellite is not accelerated.
at the proper height moving from 93. The relay satellite transmits the TV programme continuously
(a) north to south in a polar plane from one part of the world to another because its
(b) east to west in an equatorial plane (a) period is greater than the period of rotation of the earth
(c) south to north in a polar plane (b) period is less than the period of rotation of the earth
(d) west to east in an equatorial plane about its axis
84. A missile is launched with a velocity less than escape (c) period has no relation with the period of the earth about
velocity. The sum of its kinetic and potential energies is its axis
(a) zero (d) period is equal to the period of rotation of the earth
(b) negative about its axis
(c) positive 94. If a satellite is orbiting the earth very close to its surface, then
(d) may be positive, negative or zero. the orbital velocity mainly depends on
85. The orbital speed of Jupiter is (a) the mass of the satellite
(a) greater than the orbital speed of earth (b) the radius of earth
(b) less than the orbital speed of earth (c) the orbital radius
(c) equal to the orbital speed of earth (d) the mass of earth
(d) zero 95. Two satellites of masses m1 and m2 (m1 > m2) are revolving
86. The total energy of a circularly orbiting satellite is round the earth in circular orbits of radii r1 and r2 (r1 > r2)
(a) twice the kinetic energy of the satellite respectively. Which of the following statements is true
(b) half the kinetic energy of the satellite regarding their velocities v1 and v2?
(c) twice the potential energy of the satellite (a) v1 = v2 (b) v1 < v2
(d) half the potential energy of the satellite (c) v1 > v2 (d) (v1 / r2) = (v2 / r2)
87. Geo-stationary satellite is one which 96. The escape velocity of a body depends upon mass as
(a) remains stationary at a fixed height from the earth’s (a) m0 (b) m1 (c) m2 (d) m3.
surface 97. If Ve is escape speed from the earth and Vp is that from a
(b) revolves like other satellites but in the opposite direction planet of half the radius of earth, then
of earth’s rotation
(c) revolves round the earth at a suitable height with same Vp Vp
angular velocity and in the same direction as earth does (a) Ve = Vp (b) Ve = (c) Ve = 2Vp (d) Ve =
2 4
about its own axis
98. Assertion : If an object is projected from earth surface with
(d) None of these
88. An artificial satellite orbiting the earth does not fall down escape velocity path of object will be parabola.
because the earth’s attraction Reason : When object is projected with velocity less than
(a) is balanced by the attraction of the moon escape velocity from horizontal surface and greater than
(b) vanishes at such distances orbital velocity path of object will be ellipse.
(c) is balanced by the viscous drag produced by the (a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
atmosphere correct explanation for assertion.
(d) produces the necessary acceleration of its motion in a (b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a
curved path correct explanation for assertion
89. The minimum and maximum distances of a satellite from (c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
centre of earth are 2R and 4R respectively, where R is the (d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
radius of earth. The minimum and maximum speeds of the 99. When does the object in a satellite escapes to infinity?
satellite will be (a) When the total energy is positive
(b) When total energy is zero
GM 2GM GM 2GM (c) Both (a) & (b)
(a) , (b) , (d) None of these
R R 6R 3R
 EBD_7418
106 PHYSICS

100. What is the distance of a geostationary satellite from the (a) 1.25 km/s (b) 2.49 km/s (c) 3.7 km/s (d) 5.6 km/s
earth's centre? 109. A planet in a distant solar system is 10 times more massive
(a) 4.22 × 104 km (b) 4.22 × 104 m than the earth and its radius is 10 times smaller. Given that
6 (d) 4.22 × 106 m
(c) 4.22 × 10 km the escape velocity from the earth's surface is 11 km s–1, the
101. Select the incorrect statements from the following. escape velocity from the surface of the planet would be
I. The orbital velocity of a satellite increases with the (a) 1.1 km s–1 (b) 11 km s–1 (c) 110 km s–1 (d) 0.11km s–1
radius of the orbit 110. A satellite revolves around the earth of radius R in a circular
II. Escape velocity of a particle from the surface of the orbit of radius 3R. The percentage increase in energy
earth depends on the speed with which it is fired required to lift it to an orbit of radius 5R is
III. The time period of a satellite does not depend onthe (a) 10 % (b) 20 % (c) 30 % (d) 40 %
radius of the orbit 111. The escape velocity from the earth's surface is 11 km/s. The
IV. The orbital velocity is inversely proportional to the escape velocity from a planet having twice the radius and
sequare root of the radius of the orbit. same mean density as that of earth is
(a) I and II (b) I and IV (a) 5.5 km/s (b) 11 km/s
(c) I, II and IV (d) I, II and III (c) 22 km/s (d) None of these
102. Two satellites of masses m and 2m are revolving around a 112. The kinetic energy of a satellite in its orbit around the earth
planet of mass M with different speeds in orbits of radii r is E. What should be the kinetic energy of the satellite so as
and 2r respectively. The ratio of minimum and maximum to enable it to escape from the gravitational pull of the earth?
forces on the planet due to satellites is (a) 4 E (b) 2 E (c) 2 E (d) E
1 113. A satellite of mass ‘m’, moving around the earth in a circular
(a) orbit of radius R, has angular momentum L. The areal velocity
2
r of satellite is (Me = mass of earth)
1 (a) L /2m (b) L /m (c) 2L /m (d) 2L /Me
(b) 2r M
4 114. The radii of circular orbits of two satellites A and B of the
1 earth, are 4R and R, respectively. If the speed of satellite A is
(c) 3 V, then the speed of satellite B will be
3
(d) None of these (a) 3 V/4 (b) 6 V (c) 12 V (d) 3 V/2
103. If suddenly the gravitational force of attraction between 115. The least energy required to launch a satellite of mass 100
earth and a satellite revolving around it becomes zero, then kg from the surface of a planet of mass M and radius 3200
the satellite will km in a circular orbit at an altitude of 6400 km is:
(a) continue to move in its orbit with same velocity GM GM GM GM
(b) move tangentialy to the original orbit in the same (a) (b) (c) (d)
38400 8860 98600 9580
velocity 116. A rocket is fired vertically from the surface of mars with a
(c) become stationary in its orbit speed of 2 km/s. If 20% of its initial energy is lost due to
(d) move towards the earth
martian atmosphere resistance, how far will the rocket go
104. A geostationary satellite is orbiting the earth at a height of
5R above that surface of the earth, R being the radius of the from the surface of mars before returning to it? Mass of
earth. The time period of another satellite in hours at a height mars = 6.4 × 1023 kg, radius of mars = 3395 km, G = 6.67 ×
of 2R from the surface of the earth is 10–11 Nm2/kg2.
6 (a) 1655 km (b) 1200 km
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 6 2 (d) (c) 1155 km (d) 1055 km
2
105. The mass of a spaceship is 1000 kg. It is to be launched from 117. A satellite can be in a geostationary orbit around earth at a
the earth's surface out into free space. The value of g and R distance r from the centre. If the angular velocity of earth
(radius of earth) are 10 m/s2 and 6400 km respectively. The about its axis doubles, a satellite can now be in a
required energy for this work will be geostationary orbit around earth if its distance from the
(a) 6.4 × 1011J (b) 6.4 × 108 J centre is
(c) 6.4 × 109 J (d) 6.4 × 1010 J
106. For a satellite moving in an orbit around the earth, the ratio r r r r
of kinetic energy to potential energy is (a) (b) (c) 1/3 (d)
2 2 2 (4) (2)1 / 3
1 1
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 2 118. A satellite is launched in the equatorial plane in such a way
2 2 that it can transmit signals upto 60° latitude on the earth.
107. A small satellite is revolving near earth’s surface. It’s orbital The angular velocity of the satellite is
velocity will be nearly
(a) 8 km/sec (b) 11.2 km/sec GM GM
(c) 10 km/sec (d) 6 km/sec (a) (b)
8R 3 2R 3
108. The moon has a mass of 1/81 that of the earth and a radius
of 1/4 that of the earth. The escape speed from the surface
of the earth is 11.2 km/s. The escape speed from the surface GM 3 3GM
(c) (d)
of the moon is: 4R 3 8R 3
GRAVITATION 107

119. A satellite is revolving round the earth in a circular orbit of 120. A satellite is seen after each 8 hours over equator at a place
radius 'a' with velocity v0. A particle of mass m is projected on the earth when its sense of rotation is opposite to the
from the satellite in forward direction with relative velocity earth. The time interval after which it can be seen at the
é 5 ù same place when the sense of rotation of earth and satellite
V =ê –1ú V0 . During subsequent motion of the particle is same will be –
ë 4 û
total energy is (a) 8 hours (b) 12 hours
(c) 24 hours (d) 6 hours
(a) –3G Me m/8a (b) zero
(c) –5G Me m/6a (d) ¥

Exercise 2 : Exemplar & Past Year MCQs

NCERT Exemplar MCQs gravitational force on it is not central
(c) is not elliptical but will necessarily be a closed curve
1. The earth is an approximate sphere. If the interior contained (d) deviates considerably from being elliptical due to
matter which is not of the same density everywhere, then influence of planets other than the earth
on the surface of the earth, the acceleration due to gravity 6. In our solar system, the inter-planetary region has chunks
(a) will be directed towards the centre but not the same of matter (much smaller in size compared to planets) called
everywhere asteroids. They
(b) will have the same value everywhere but not directed (a) will not move around the sun, since they have very
towards the centre small masses compared to the sun
(c) will be same everywhere in magnitude directed towards (b) will move in an irregular way because of their small
the centre masses and will drift away into outer space
(d) cannot be zero at any point (c) will move around the sun in closed orbits but not obey
2. As observed from the earth, the sun appears to move in an Kepler's laws
approximate circular orbit. For the motion of another planet (d) will move in orbits like planets and obey Kepler's laws
like mercury as observed from the earth, this would 7. Choose the wrong option.
(a) be similarly true (a) Inertial mass is a measure of difficulty of accelerating a
(b) not be true because the force between the earth and body by an external force whereas the gravitational
mercury is not inverse square law mass is relevant in determining the gravitational force
(c) not be true because the major gravitational force on on it by an external mass
mercury is due to the sun (b) That the gravitational mass and inertial mass are equal
(d) not be true because mercury is influenced by forces is an experimental result
other than gravitational force (c) That the acceleration due to gravity on the earth is the
3. Different points in the earth are at slightly different same for all bodies is due to the equality of gravitational
distances from the sun and hence experience different forces mass and inertial mass
due to gravitation. For a rigid body, we know that if various (d) Gravitational mass of a particle like proton can depend
forces act at various points in it, the resultant motion is as if on the presence of neighbouring heavy objects but
a net force acts on the CM (centre of mass) causing the inertial mass cannot
translation and a net torque at the CM causing rotation 8. Particles of masses 2M, m and M are respectively at points A,
around an axis through the CM. For the earth-sun system
1
(approximating the earth as a uniform density sphere). B and C with AB = ( BC ) × m is much-much smaller than
(a) the torque is zero 2
(b) the torque causes the earth to spin M and at time t = 0, they are all at rest as given in figure.
(c) the rigid body result is not applicable since the earth is At subsequent times before any collision takes place.
not even approximately a rigid body
(d) the torque causes the earth to move around the sun A r B C
4. Satellites orbitting the earth have finite life and sometimes 2M m M
debris of satellites fall to the earth. This is because
(a) m will remain at rest
(a) the solar cells and batteries in satellites run out
(b) the laws of gravitation predict a trajectory spiralling (b) m will move towards M
inwards (c) m will move towards 2M
(c) of viscous forces causing the speed of satellite and (d) m will have oscillatory motion
hence height to gradually decrease Past Year MCQs
(d) of collisions with other satellites
5. Both the earth and the moon are subject to the gravitational 9. A black hole is an object whose gravitational field is so strong
force of the sun. As observed from the sun, the orbit of the that even light cannot escape from it. To what approximate
moon radius would earth (mass = 5.98 × 1024 kg) have to be
(a) will be elliptical compressed to be a black hole? [AIPMT 2014, C]
(b) will not be strictly elliptical because the total (a) 10– 9 m (b) 10– 6 m (c) 10– 2 m (d) 100 m