Tusmadda Falanqaynta

Hordhac ........................................................................................................................ 5
Guudmar Dhaqaalaha iyo Miisaaniyada ...................................................................... 6
Dakhliga......................................................................................................................11
Miisaaniyadda Dowlaha Hoose ..................................................................................12
Kharashaadka .............................................................................................................15
Mudnaan Siinta Adeegyadda Bulshadda iyo Ciidamadda Qaranka ...........................18
Caafimaadka...............................................................................................................18
Waxbarashada ...........................................................................................................18
Biyaha .........................................................................................................................19
Ciidamadda ................................................................................................................19
Talo Soo Jeedin ..........................................................................................................20

Liiska Jaantuska
Jaantus 1 Xarunta Gollaha Wakiiladda JSL ........................................................................................................ 5
Jaantus 2 Heerka Sicir bararka 2021-2022 ........................................................................................................ 7
Jaantus 3 Miisaaniyadda 2022 .......................................................................................................................... 8
Jaantus 4 Qoondada Miisaaniyadda 2022 ee Laamaha Dowlada .................................................................... 9
Jaantus 5 Ilaha dakhliga guud 2022 .................................................................................................................. 9
Jaantus 6 Odoroska Dakhliga Goboladda 2022 .............................................................................................. 11
Jaantus 7 Miisaaniyadda Dowlaha Hoose ....................................................................................................... 12
Jaantus 8 Qoondada Kharashaadka 2020-2021.............................................................................................. 15
Jaantus 9 Waaxaha Wadaagayaasha 2022 ..................................................................................................... 16
Jaantus 10 Arday fasal dugsi hoose dhex fadhiya, MoE ................................................................................. 18
Jaantus 11 Ciidanka Baamboyda iyo Qaaranka .............................................................................................. 19
 Falanqayn Miisaaniyadda 2022
Hordhac
Kahor inta aanan si faahfaahsan u eegin miisaaniyadda Somaliland 2022, waa in aan eray ka yidhaa qeexidda
iyo macnaha miisaaniyada. Miisaaniyaddu waa halbeeg dhaqaale (economic instrument), dowladi curiso si
ay qorshe-hawleed (roadmap) ay ugu samayso hawlaha mudnaanta hortabinta u leh si sanadle ah. Sikale
waa istraajiyad dhaqaale (annual economic strategy) oo lagu qiyaaso dakhliga iyo kharashaadka xilli go’an
(specific period), waxa laga milicsadaa arrimaha mudnaanta u leh (reflect on priority issues) dowlada sanad
maaliyadeedka ay ilaha dakhliga, maalgalinta iyo kharash gareynta ku samaynayso. Dowlad bayaanka
miisaaniyadu (budget statement) waxa ay ka caawisaa inay mudnaanta siiso baahiyaha kala duwan ee dalka
(to prioritise the different needs of country) ha noqoto sugida aminiga, xoojinta dhaqaalaha, kor u qaadida
maamul wanaaga, hormarinta waxsoosaarka, dhismaha iyo dayactirka kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, taageerida
qaybaha nugul, ilaalinta saraynta sharciga, baahinta xukunka, ama hagaajinta hab- nololeedka bulshada iwm.

Sidoo kale miisaaniyada waxa loo diyaariyaa in lagu soo bandhigo dakhliyadda dowlada iyo qorshooyinka
kharash gareynta si loo dardargeliyo isbedelka dhaqan-dhaqaale (to accelerate socio-economic
transformation), waa aaladda ugu muhiimsan ee ay dowlad u adeegsato in ay u turjunto himilooyinka
hormarineed ee qaranku (to translate development aspirations of the nation) u leeyahay mustaqbalka, iyada
oo bayaanka ku soo bandhigaysa hawl- qabadyada hortabinta u leh sanadka. Ujeedada miisaaniyad dowladi
uga gol leedahay waxa ka mid ah; dib u qoondaynta khayraadka (reallocation of resource), yaraynta sinaan
la’aanta dakhliga iyo hantida (minimize inequalities income and wealth), yaraynta kala duwnaaanshaha
gobolada (reducing regional disparities) iwm.
Jaantus 1 Xarunta Gollaha Wakiiladda JSL

Odoroska miisaaniyadda sanadka 2022 waa miisaaniyadii 31aad ee ay yeelato Somaliland, qoddobka 55aad,
farqadiisa 4aad ee dastuurka wuxuu farayaa Laanta Fulinta (xukuumada) ee dowladda in ay diyaariso
miisaaniyad sanadeedka qaran (national budget) iyo xisaab-xidhka sanad maaliyadeedkii dhammaaday
(Ended financial reports). Gollaha Wakiiladu waxa awood dastuuriya u leeyahay inoo wax bedel, dib u eegis,
dood, iyo kabis ku sameeyo miisaaniyadda xukuumaddu soo samaysay, kahor inta aan go’aan golle lagu
ansixin. 27th Dec 2021, Wasiirka Wasaaradda Maaliyadda Dr. Sacad Cali Shire waxa uu Gollaha Wakiiladda
horgeeyay Odoroska Miisaaniyadda 2022. Haddaba iyada oo aynu adeegsanayno xogta miisaaniyadda sanad
maaliyadeedka falanqaynta waxa aynu diirada ku saari 1. ilaha dhincayadda dakhliyada, qoondaynta,
mudnaanta kharashka, khaladadka, hufnaanta (efficiency), waxtarka (effectiveness), daahfurnaanta, iyo
kala mudnaanta kharash geraynta hawlaha (Prioritization of expenditure rationalization activity),
adeeygyadda iyo mashaariicda miisaaniyadda ku jira. 2. Meelaha korodhku ka imanayo, sida goboladda
dakhliyada loogu kala qoondeeyay in ay uga ka yimaadaan iyo miisaaniyadda loo qoondeeyay waaxyaha.

Guudmar Dhaqaalaha iyo Miisaaniyada

Somaliland waa dal madax banaan oo dhaca Geeska Africa, oo u taagan nabad, dimuqraadiyad, xasilooni,
barwaaqo iyo iskaashiga mandaqadda, waxa si rasmiya loogu dhawaaqay in uu ka go’ay Jamuuriyadda Somalia
1991. Waxa ay xuduud la wadaagtaa Djibouti dhanka Galbeed, Itoobiya Koonfurta, Yemen Waqooyiga iyo
Somalia dhanka Bariga. Waxa ay leedahay xuduud dheer oo furan iyo dakhli dhaqaale oo si weyn ugu tiirsan
ganacsiga caalamiga ah, gaar ahaan badeecadaha la soo dhoofiyo ((highly dependent on import trade),
xoolaha, xawaaladaha iyo kaalmadda deeqaha.

Halbeega waxsoosaarka dhaqaalaha gudaha (GDP) Somaliland waxa lagu qiyaasaa $2.9 Billion, halka 2022
xadiga odoroska koritaanka sanadluhu (annual growth rate) ee heerka waxsoosaarka guud yahay
dhexdhexaad mudada dhexe 2%. Somaliland tirada dadka kunool waxa lagu qiyaasaa 5.7 Milyan oo qof, halka
saami dakhli ee waxsoosaarka qofku (GDP per capita income) waa $697 (2020) 1 oo la micno ah in qofku
maalinta uu ku noolyahay (living current per capita) wax ka yar $1.5 (Power Purchasing Parity), waana mid ka
mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya dunida. GDP-gu Ku dhawaad waxa uu ka soo galaa xoolaha 30%, waxa ku xiga
ganacsiga 24%, xawaaladaha 22%, beeraha 8%, dakhliga cashuuraha 7%, hantida ma guurtada 6% iyo 3%
qaybaha kale.

Baanka Hormarinta Africa (ADB), waribixintiisa 2020 sanadlaha ah (Economic Outlook Paper) 2 waxa uu ku
sheegay in wadamadda Bariga Africa ay hoggaaminayaan koboca hormarka dhaqaalaha qaarada (economic
development growth) iyadoo lagu qiyaaso korodhka GDP-ga 5.1% (Pre-covid-19), waxa ku xiga wadamadda
Waqooyiga 4.9%, Galbeedka Africa 3.3%, Badhtamaha qaarada 2.2%, iyo dalalka Koonfurta Africa oo la
saadaaliyay koboca korodh dhaqaale 1.2%. Rwanda waa waddanka koboca dhaqaalaha Bariga Africa
horboodaysa kobiciisa dhaqaale waxa lagu qiyaasaa 7.8%, Itoobiya 7.2%, Tanzania 6.6%, Kenya 6%,
Djibouti 5.9%, Uganda 5.3%, Somalia 2.9% iyo Somaliland 2%.

Somaliland saboolnimada iyo cunto-yarida (poverty and food insecurity) ayaa si weyn ugu baahsan guud ahaan
dalka Baanka Adduunku, wuxuu sheegay in dadka ku nool dhulka miyiga (rural area) ay 37% ku nool yihiin
xaalad faqri xad- dhaaf ah (extreme poverty), halka 29.7% bulshada ku nool magaalooyinku ay yihiin sabool
(urban areas). Taas oo macnaheedu tahay in ka badan saddexdii qof hal qof ee ku nool miyiga ayaa ku nool
nolol saboolnimo ah. Sidoo kale in ka badan afartii qof hal qof oo ku nool magaalooyinka ayaa ku nool faqri
sida warbixinta lagu tibaaxay. In kasta oo dalku aannu haysan aqoonsi rasmi ah oo calami ah waxa aad u
hooseeya xadiga shaqada iyo heerka maalgashiga, heerka shaqo la’aanta waxa lagu qiyaasay in ay shaqo la’a
yihiin 38% ragga iyo dumarka 17%. 3

Dhaqaalaha Somaliland waxa hoos u dhac la taaban karo ku keenay xanuunka safmareenka karoona fayras,
ayaxa, xayiraada moosinka xajka, iyo hakadka isku socodka gaadiidka. Lixdii bilood ee hore 2021 waxa ay

1 Leading Macroeconomic Indicators, 2020, MoPND

2 Economic outlook paper, January ADB
3 Somaliland Profile Poverty and Overview Living Conditions, World Bank Assessment
diwaangalisay isdhin ganacsi (trade deficit) oo dhan $876 Milyan iyo hoos u dhac dakhli 3.5% ah, waxay la
soo degtay alaab qiimaheedu tahay $ 1.0 Bilyan halka ay dhoofisay waxsoosaar qiimihiisu yahay $ 146
Milyan.4 Maadaama ay si weyn ugu tiirsan tahay waxasoodejinta tani dalka waxa ay sababtay xasilooni la’aan
dhaqaale (instability economy) iyo isku dheelitirnaan la’aan ganacsi (imbalance trade).5
Sanad maaliyadeedka 2021 heerka celceliska sicir bararka ayaa gaadhay 6% balse sanadka 2022 waxaa la
filayaa in muddada dhexe uu gaadhi karo ilaa 4.5%, hoos u dhac yar. Bishii November 2021, sarifka halka
doolar wuxuu ahaa 8,560 SLSH, bishii ka horaysay October waxa la diwaangeliyay qiimo dhac 0.9%. Lacagta
Shillinka ayaa sanadkii u dambeeyay xasiloonayd qiimo ahaan (Optimistic Scenario 1).

Jaantus 2 Heerka Sicir bararka 2021-2022

7
6
6
5 4.5
4
4
3 3
3 2.7
2.4
2
2
1
0
Inflation Rate 2020 Inflation Rate 2021

1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter

Odoroska miisaaniyadda sanadkani waa miisaaniyadii 31aad ee ay yeelato Somaliland, waxa ay kutalagalka
saadaashani ka badan tahay tii sanadkii hore 16.9%. Guud ahaan cadadka kutalagalka miisaaniyadda 2022
wuxuu dhan yahay $492.5 milyan. 6 Miisaaniyadu waxa ay ka kooban tahay sideed qaybood; miisaaniyadda
dowladda dhexe oo loo qoondeeyay $ 344.3 milyan waxa ay ka badan tahay tii sanadkii hore 10.7%,
miisaaniyadda ha’ayadaha madaxa banaan $39.6 milyan, marka loo barbar dhigo 2021 waxa ay ka badan
tahay 11.9%, miisaaniyadda dowladaha hoose $75.5 milyan, oo ka badan 36.2% odoroskii 2021,
miisaaniyadda Sanduuqa SDF oo ay maalgaliyaan wadamadda deeq bixiyayaashu (donors) $13.8 milyan,
miisaaniyadda mashruuca maamul daadejinta dowladaha hoose (JPLG) $2.8 milyan, miisaaniyadda
mashruuca RDRM $3.8 miyan, miiyaaniyadda mashruuca ILED $5.1 milyan iyo mashaariicda Baanka
Adduunka $7.4 milyan. Laga soo bilaabo 2015 miisaaniyadu waxa ay korodhay 117% oo dakhliga dhabtu
(actual budget revenue) ahaa $156.1 milyan.

4Trade Statistics Report, 2021, MoF

5Hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee Somaliland iyo Saamaynta Covid-19, Oct, ESAC
6 FG: Miisaaniyadda 2022 Shillin ahaan waa 3,447,802,505,538, waxa aan u bedelay dollar, waxa aanan isticmaalay sarrifka

dowladda oo ah halkii dollar 7,000 SLSH

Jaantus 3 Miisaaniyadda 2022

492,543,215.00
421,059,604.10

344,350,413.40
Miisaaniyadda 2021
Miisaaniyadda 2022
Dowladda Dhexe
Dowladaha Hoose
Hay'addaha Madaxa Banaan
Sanduuqa SDF
Mashuurca JPLG
75,554,037.10

Mashuurca RDRM
39,569,532.90

13,836,296.10

Mashruuca ILED

7,412,822.60
2,842,008.70
Mashaariicda Baanka Adduunka

5,102,104
3,876,000

ISBARBARDHIGA ODOROSKA MIISAANIYADDA 2022

Miisaaniyadda 2022 waxa ay mudnaanta siinaysaa arrimaha: -

1. Amniga iyo cadaalada 3. Waxsoosaarka iyo kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha

2. Arrimaha bulshada 4. Dowlad wanaaga, doorashooyinka iyo aqoonsiga.
Dakhliga cashuuraha (tax revenue) iyo ilaha-dakhli ee aan cashuurta ahayn (non-tax source) ayaa la filayaain
ay ka noqdaan miisaaniyadda 98%, inta soo hadhay 2% ayaa la filayaa in ilo-dibadeed qaab deeq ama
caawimo ahaan in looga helo deeq bixiyayaasha. Ururinta ilaha dakhli dhaqaale ee ugu weynaan doona
sanadka waxa ay noqonayaan cashuuraha soodejinta 41.1%, cashuuraha badeecadaha iyo adeegyadda
15.0%, cashuurta iibka 17%, cashuuraha maamulka 5.2%, cashuurta shaqaalaha dowladda 5%, cashuurta
guryaha5 %, cashuurta macaash-macaashka 2%, taas oo ka dhigan in ka badan 60% odoroska ururinta guud
(total collections).

Jaantus 4 ilaha dakhliga cashuuraha

17.33%
Cashuurta Soodejinta
Cashuurta Alaabta iyo Adeega
4.00% Cashuurta Maamulka
41.10%
2.00% Cashuurta Dekada
2.30%
Cashuurta Guryaha
2.77%
Cashuurta Shaqaalaha Dowladda
5.00%
Kabka Dowladaha Hoose
5.00% Cashuurta Dhoofka Xoolaha
Cashuurta Macaash-macaashka
4.84%
15.00% Cashuuraha Kale
5.22%
Miisaaniyadda dowladda Somaliland waxa ay ku salaysan tahay kharashaadka soo noqnoqda (recurrent
expenditure) iyo hawl socodsiinta (operational cost), qaab dhismeed ahaa waa (comprehensive budget), se
hanaanka ay u isticmaasho waxa la yidhaa (line-item budgeting system) miisaaniyad madaxyo u qaybsan.
Nidaamka ururinta dakhliga dhaqaaluhu waa hanaan gobolaysan (regionalized system), laakiin habka loo
maamulo ururinta dakhliga cashuuraha guduhu waa qaab dhexe (centralized system). Nidaamka Centralized
system-ku waxa uu awood iyo faa’ido dhaqaale oo xoog badan siiyaa caasimada maadaama kharashaad ka
75% ay iyada ku dhex baxayaan. Dhanka kale Somaliland qaabka loo qoondeeyo dhaqaalaha miisaaniyadda
degmooyinku kuma salaysana tirada dadka iyo baahida degmada laakiin qayb ka midi waxa ay ku salaysan
tahay Xeer 23/2019 oo ah xeer si weyn u naasnuujiya saddex degmo.
Jaantus 4 Qoondada Miisaaniyadda 2022 ee Laamaha Dowlada

Laamaha dowladdu ka kooban tahay oo ay ka

QOONDADA 2022
394,623,313

dhaxaytso is-dheelitir iyo isla xisaabtan

(check and balance), midba mida kale ku
sameeyo si waafaqsan dastuurka iyo
xeerarka, ayaa qoondada miisaaniyadda
2022 sida jaantuska 4 loogu kala qoondeeyay
laanta fulinta (xukuumadda dhexe +
dowladda hoose) waxa odoroska sanadka
loo qoondeeyay cadad maaliydeed oo dhan
75,554,037

$470 milyan, laanta garsoorka $8.2 milyan

iyo sharci darinta oo ay ahayd inay dabagal
14,167,721

8,210,999

iyo la xisaabta ku samayso xukuumadda

waxa loo qoondeeyay lacag gaadhaysa ilaa
$14.1 milyan. Tani waxa ay muujinaysaa
inaan mudnaan gaara la asiinayn isla
XUKUUMADA SHARCI GARSOORKA DOWLADAHA
DEJINTA HOOSE xisaabtanka iyo daahfurnaan.

Jaantus 5 Ilaha dakhliga guud 2022

Dakhliga
Dowladu waxa ay dakhliyo kala duwan “different income” ka hesha ilo-kala gedisan “different source”.
Dakhliga guduhu (domestic revenue) waa mishiinka dhaqaajiya dowlada, adeegyadda bulshada iyo
hormarinta kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha. Saddex in kabadan (Over three of budget) miisaaniyadda ayaa ka
imanaya dakhliga gudaha 94% qaab cashuur ahaan ah, inta soo hadhay waxa ay ka iman doonaan kaalmadda
dalalka deeq bixiyayaasha iyo ha’ayadaha caalamiga ah 6% qaab caawimo ah. Somaliland waxa ay aad ugu
tiirsan tahay dakhliga cashuuraha kastamyadda (very reliant on revenue from custom duties), khidmadaha
kala duwan iyo cashuurta soodejinta; waana isha-dakhli ee ugu tunka weyn ilaha dhaqaale ee dowlada
soogala.

Guud ahaan qiyaasta dakhliga miisaaniyadda 2022 wuxuu ka kooban yahay $344 milyan taasoo muujinaysa
in uu 3.9% ka badan yahay ka sanadkii hore. Miisaaniyada ilaha dakhliga waxa ugu muhiimsan cashuuraha
kastamadda 7 8% oo ah odoros ahaan $265.2 milyan, kana badan sanadkii hore 3.1%, halka cashuurha barigu
20% noqonayaan oo la macno ah $69.7 milyan, oo ka badan 11.3% sanadkii 2020, inta soo hadhay oo ka kooban
tahay 2% waa deeq la dhex marinayo dowlada. Laga soo bilaabo 2010 waxa jira dedaal lagu kordhiyay
dakhliga cashuuraha iyo dhaqaalaha intii u dhaxaysay 2010 ilaa 2020 heerka koboca dhabta ah ee sanadlaha
guud ahaan cashuurah ayaa ka badan 20%. Ilaha juquraafi ahaan ugu weyn dakhliga gudaha ee 2021 wuxuu
Ku imanayaa goboladda Maroodijeex $118.4 Million, Saaxil $185.5 Million, Awdal $19.9 Million, Togdheer
$3.6 Million, Sool $2.5 Million, Sanaag $1.4 million iyo wasaaradaha $9.3 Million. Jaantuska 5aad waxa ay
sharaxayaan odoroska dhakhli (income estimation) ee loo qoodeeyay in laga soo xareeyo gobolada, waxa
xusid mudan in odoroska kutalagalka dhakhligani yahay Cashuurta Kastamada, iyo Cashuuraha Bariga u fiirso
Gobal walba inta ka imanaysa ee laga helayo.
Jaantus 6 Odoroska Dakhliga Goboladda 2022

Sool 2,570,602

Sanaag 1,467,684

Saaxil 185,584,187

Togdheer 3,687,113

Awdal 19,904,374

Maroodijeex 118,428,311

0 50,000,000 100,000,000 150,000,000 200,000,000

Somaliland waxa ay leedahay 20 kastam, afarta kastam ee ugu waaweyn ee 96% dakhligu ka soo xaroodaa
waa Berbera 66.4%, Kalabaydh 21.2%, Saylac 5.6%, Hargeisa Airport 2.4%, Borama 1.2%, Togwajaale 1.1%
iyo kastamyadda kale 1.6%.
Miisaaniyadda Dowlaha Hoose
Miisaaniyadda dowladaha hoose waxa loo qorsheeyay $75.5 milyan, 77.5% oo ka mid ahi waxa ay ka
imanaysaa dakhliga ka soo gala cashuuraha, khidmadaha, iyo ganaaxyada ay soo ururiyaan degmooyinku,
22.5% soo hadhay waxa ay ka helayaan dowladda dhexe wareejin maaliyadeed (intergovernmental fiscal
transfer from central government) oo laba nooc ah. Mida koowaad waa wareejin ka timaada Wasaaradda
Maaliyadda oo ka kooban 10% dakhliga ay ka ururiso kastamyadda degmooyinka, laba waa wareejin labaad
oo ka timaada qadarka miisaaniyadda guud 12.5% oo loo la siiyo degmooyinka dowladaha hoose si loo
taageero hawlaha mashaariicaha hormarineed waxaana loogu kala qaybiyaa sida qoddobka 89aad farqadiisa
2aad Xeer Lr. 23/2019 tibaaxayo derojooyinka degmooyinka A 6%, degmooyinka B 2% degmooyinka C 3%, iyo
degmooyinka D 1.2%. Degmooyinka qaar miisaaniyadaha ay dejistaan 98% ka waxa badan kabka dowlada
dhexe ay ka helaan, taas oo miisaaniyadooda ka noqota wax ka badan 98%, tusaale odoroska dakhliga gudaha
magaaladda Berbera waa $1.3 million, balse miisaaniyadda dowladda hoose ee Berbera waxa loo
qoondeeyay cadad lacageed oo dhan $16.7 million iyo sidoo kale ururinta bartilmaameedka dakhliga
cashuuraha degmadda Gabiley waa $332,662 laakiin cadadka lacageed ee dowladda dhexe u qoonaysay
Dowladda Hoose ee Gabiley waa $6.4 million. Labadaas magaalo oo ah magaalooyinka ay ku nool yihiin
dadweynaha ugu yar degmooyina A marka loo barbar dhiga shanta degmo ee kale, waxa si toosa
miisaaniyadooda looga kabaa qasnadda dowladda dhexe, waana ta keentay in ay ka miisaaniyad bataan
Borama iyo Burco.
Jaantus 7 Miisaaniyadda Dowlaha Hoose

25

Hargeysa , 22
20

Berbera , 16.7
15
$ Million

Burco, 6.4

10 Saylac, 2.2
Gabiley , 6.4
Laascaanood , 2.7 Ceerigaabo, 1.7
5 Borama , 5.3

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2021 2022

Marka aad eegto dakhliga dowladaha hoose ka soo gala cashuuraha si isku mida sharcigu u siiyay ee ay
magaalooyinkooda ka qaataan, waxa ay u kala dakhli badan yihiin sida ay magaalaba magaalo uga weyn
tahay, uga cufnaan dad badan tahay (population density), bulshada ku noolna u badeeco isticmaal badan
tahay (consumption commodities). Qoondo ahaan dowladaha hoose ee dalku waxa ay u kala helayaan
qoondada dhaqaale ee loo qorsheeyay inay ku qabtaan hawlaha magaaalooyinka sidan; Berbera
$16.7M, Hargeisa $22.1M, Borama $5.3M, Burco $6.4M, Lascanod $2.7M, Gabiley $6.4M, Ceerigaabo
$1.7M, iyo Saylac $2.2M . Miisaaniyada dowladaha hoose 67% waxa ay ku baxaysaa magaalooyinka Hargeisa,
Berbera iyo Gabiley. Kabka iyo kaalmada dowladaha hoose ugu jira miisaaniyadda ee uu jideeyay Xeer
Lr.23/2019 oo laga soo minguuriyay Xeer 12/2000 wuxuu si doorbidan u baxnaaniyaa seddex degmo, kuwaas
oo si gaar ah loogu doorbiday 101-ka demo ee lagu ansixiyay Xeer 23/2019. Marka kabka dowladda dhexe
siiso dowladaha hoose ee ku jira miisaaniyadda 2022 la joogo 3 degmo ayaa isku qaata 93% waana Berbera
65.6%, Gabiley 21.4% iyo Saylac 6%, halka 7% soo hadhay ay qaybsadaan 11 degmo; Hargeysa 2.3%, Wajaale
1.3%, Borama 1.2%, Laascaanood 0.5%, Baligubadle 0.4%, Faraweyne 0.4%, Burco 0.3%, Allaybaday 0.2%
Caynaba 0.1% iyo Xariirad 0.1%. Halka 87 degmo ee soo hadahy aanay lacagta kabka waxba gaadhin. Haddii
si kale aynu u dhigno gobollada Togdheer, Sanaag iyo Sool lacagta kabka waxa ay ka helaan 1.1%, halka
gobolka Saaxil kaligii ka helo 65.6%, Maroodijeex 26% iyo gobolka Awdal wuxuu helaa 7.3% (Abdirahman,
2022).
Kharashaadka
Kutalagalka kharashaadka dowladda ee 2022 marka loo fiiriyo 2018 si aad ah ayuu u kordhay khad kasta oo
kharashaadka ka mid ah, marka laga reebo bixinta deymaha. Qoondaynta cadadka kharashaadka bixinta
mushaharka shaqaalaha, hantida, isticmaalka alaabada iyo adeega aad ayay u korodheen. Bayaanka
miisaaniyadda dowladda 2022 marka aad akhrido waxa ay ka kooban tahay waxa kuu soo baxaysay in 84.5%
ay tahay mushaharooyin (salaries), gunnooyin (allowance), kharashaadka isticmaalka alaabta iyo adeega
(utilities expenditure), habeen dhaxyada (travel expenses), daryeelka baabuurta, dhismayaasha & mishiinada
(repair and maintenance cost) iyo bixinta daymaha qaranka (repayment national loan). Dhamaan intaasi
lama xidhiidhaan wax horumar ah kaliya waa kharashka hawlgalka dowlada.

Sanadihii u dambeeyay kharashka ayaa xawaare ka dhakhso badan dakhliga ku koraya, tani waxa ay keentay
in marar badan ay dhacdo isdhin miisaaniyadeed (budget deficits). Kharashaadka Sanad maaliyadeed 2022
$127.7 milyan waxa loo qoondeeyay in ay ku baxdo mushaharaadka shaqaalaha iyo gudnooyinka (Allowance
and compensation of employees), oo u dhiganta 52.6% wadarta kharashaadka guud, oo ka badan 3.2%
sanadkii hore. Inta badan kalabadh kharashaadka miisaaniyadda dowladu waxa ay ku bixi doontaa mushahar
iyo gunn. Dhinaca kale $81. milyan ayaa loo odorosay in lagu kharash gareeyo hawl- socodsiinta (alaabta iyo
adeega) oo u dhiganta 23.5% saamiga wadarta kharashka, waxa kor loo qaaday ka saraysaa sanadkii hore
6.3% sanadka 2022 marka loo barbar dhigo sanadkii hore.

kharashaadka kale (Subsidies) waxa loo qorsheeyay in ay ku baxdo 2.3%, oo lacag ahaan noqnaysa $8 milyan,
kaalmooyinka kabka dowladu waxa ay ku yimaadaan laba heer oo kala ah kabid miisaaniyadeed iyo kabida
qiimaha cuntada. Kabista miisaaniyadu waxa ay ku timaada kharash aan lagu talogalin oo si lamafilaana ku
yimaada (contingency any expenditure) tusaale korodhka qiimaha cuntada hadii ay dhacdoin isbedel ku yimi
qiimaha cuntada ciidamada waxa loo kordhiyaa kharashkii loogu talogalay in lagu bixiyo adeega alaabada.
Hantida maguurtada (dhismayaasha, qalabka iyo gaadiidka) waxa loo saadaaliyay in ay ku baxdo $24.8
milyan, waxa hoos loo dhigay 36%, sidoo kale dowladu waxa ay damacsan tahay dib u bixinta deymaha
gudaha(internal loan repayment) oo loo qoondeeyay $7.4 milyan, oo u dhigan in hoos loo dhigay 15.9%.
Madaxyada kharashaadka lama-filaanka (contingency fund) iyo kaalmooyinka qaybaha dowladda waxa loo
qorsheeyay isku dar ahaan $14.9 milyan. Kharashaadka daryeelka bushladda lagu magacaabo waxa loo
qoondeeyay $1.4 milyan oo ka ah kharashaadka guud 0.3%.
Jaantus 8 Qoondada Kharashaadka 2020-2021

Loan Repaym ent 5.7% 2020 Mashaariicda 7.4% 2022

Assets Assets
Subsidy Kharashaadka kale
7%
2.3% 2.4%
Grant
6.1% 2.2% Lama filaanka

Use of goods andservices 32.3% Compensation of employees 48% Mushaharooyinka iyo gunada 52.6%

Alaabta iyo Adeega

32.1%

Mashaariicda hormarineed ee dowlada ayaa muujinaysa hoos u dhac yar 2.3% kaliya waxa loo
qoondeeyay jamuuriyadda oo dhan 7.4% oo u dhigan $25.5 milyan, waa qoondayn hoosaysa marka
loo barbar dhigo kharashaadka dowladda ee hawl-socodsiintata taasi oo ka badan 84.5% arrimo aan
manfac lahayn lacag intaa leeg lagu bixiyo halka arrimihii hortabinta hormarineed loo qorsheeyay
xadiyar.

Jaantuska hoose waxa uu inoo sharaxayaa wadaagayaasha miisaaniyadda 2022, guud ahaan
wasaaradaha iyo hay’adaha dalka waxa la isku raaciyaa oo loo qaybiyaa 11 qaybood.
Wadaagayaasha miisaaniyadda kharashaadka waxa loogu kala qoondeeyay sida; Amniga iyo difaaca
35.6%, maamulka 19.3%, dhaqaalaha 13.8%, waxbarashada 8.2%, caafimaadka 6%, kaabayaasha
dhaqaalaha 4.8%, waxsoosaarka 2.6%, deegaanka 1.5%, Biyaha 2%, tamarta 0.69%, iyo qaybaha
kale 4.8%. kharashka ku baxa amniga iyo difaaca waxa uu Miisaaniyadda Guud ka yahay 35%, taas
oo kuu muujinaysa in amnigu kutalagalka wadarta miisaaniyadda ka yahay saddex meelood meel.
Jaantus 9 Waaxaha Wadaagayaasha 2022

Waaxaha Wadaagayaasha
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Mudnaan Siinta Adeegyadda Bulshadda iyo Ciidamadda Qaranka
Mudnaan siinta adeegyadda bulshada lafdhabarta u ah waa mudnaanta koowaad ee dowlad waliba u taagan
tahay dunida inay u hagarbaxdo bixinta adeeygyo waafi ah hadba tamarta dhaqaale ee dalka (country
economic energy). Somaliland waxa ay ka mid tahay dalalka adeeygaydeeda bulsho hooseeyaan(low social
service), qoondada dhaqaale ee sanadkii ay u qorshaysaa ilaa xad ay yartahay marka dhigeed aad
barbardhigto, se dedaal wadajira oo bulsho, dowlad iyo ururo caalamiya leh ayaa ku wada hawlan hirgelinta
adeegyo taaba qaad ah oo la isku halayn karo. Waxbarashada, Caafimaadka iyo Biyaha oo aasaasu ah nolosha
bulshada reer Somaliland qoondada maaliyadeed ee looga qorsheeyay miisaaniyada guud 2022 ayaa dhan
xaddi ahaan 16.6%, oo ka badan sanadkii hore 5.7%. Tani waxa ay muujinaysaa in xukuumaddu aanay wax
weyn ka qabandoonin saddexaa tiir ee tiir dhexaadka u ah adeegyadda iyo nolosha bulshada.
Caafimaadka
Caafimaadku waa baahiyaha aasaasiga “basic needs” ee nolosha Aadamaha, qoondada miisaaniyadda loogu
talagalay tayaynta, kor u qaadida iyo fidinta adeega caafimaadka Somaliland waa 6.1%, wadarta guud ee
miisaaniyada oo u dhigan lacag ahaan $21.0 million, halka ay sanadkii hore ay ahayd 5.2%. Qoondada $21.0
million ah waxa si wadajira loogu talagalay wadaagayaasha kala ah Wasaaradda Caafimaadka ($17,497,493),
Komishanka Mihnadlayaasha Caafimaadka ($410,026), Komishanka Xakamaynta HIV/ADIS ($925,955),
Ha’ayadda Dhowrista Tayadda ($2,174,601).

Tayo la’aanta caafimaadka, adeeg xumida cisbitaaladda gobolada, daryeel la’aanta qalabka iyo gaadiidka,
nadaafad xumida waadhadhka, xirfad-yarida shaqaalaha xarumaha qaar, ambulance la’aanta
degmooyinka/cisbitaalada qaar iyo baahida adeeg caafimaad ee bulshada qoondada miisaniyadani wax
isbedel ma tari karto ama kuma samayn karto baahida adeeg caafimaad ee reer Somaliland u baahan yihiin.

Waxbarashada
Tacliintu waa gundhiga iyo aasaaska Aadamaha, waa kobciyaha maanka iyo maskaxda qofka iyo bulshada.
Waxbarashadu waa ku hagaha Bini-aadamka tubta toosan iyo hillinka guusha. Muwaadiniin aqoon leh ayaa
lafdhabar u ah waxsoosaar iyo qaran barwaaqo ah. Miisaaniyadda loo qoondeeyay waaxda
waxbarashada, ayaa muujinaysa hoos u dhac 1.39% laakiin qoondada lacageed ee dowladu siiso ayaa wali
hooseeysa. 2022 xukuumadda Somaliland waxa ay u qoondaysay lacag dhan $29.6 milyan, waaxda
waxbarashada, halka sanadkii hore ahayd $22.8 milyan. Dalalka gobolka Geeska Africa isku-darka qoondada
dhaqaale ee ay waxbarashada ku bixiyaan Somaliland ayaa u hoosaysa.

Jaantus 10 Arday, MoE

 Biyaha
Biyuhu waa xaquuq dastuuriya ah, waana aasaaska jiritaanka nolosha bini’aadanka, dhirta iyo dhulka, sida
meelo badan loogu sheegay Qura’anka Kariimka ah. Biyo la’aanta Adduunka oo ah mid maalin walba sii
kordheya waliba inta badan waddamada soo koraya (developing countries), ayaa ah halis ay wajahayaan
bulshoooyinka ku dhaqan wadamadaas. Biyuhu waxay door muhiim ah ka qaataan hormarka dalka iyo
nolosha qofka. Helitaanka biyo nadiif ah waxa ay muhiim u yihiin caafimaadka, fayo-qabka bulshada iyo
hormarka, u helida bulshada biyo nadiif ah waa xuquuqda dowlada xaquuq ahaa muwaadiintu xaq ugu
leeyihiin inay siiso biyo-fayaqab leh. Sanadihii u dambeeyay Somaliland waxa ay qabatay hawlo loogu
talagalay bixinta biyo nadiif ah laakiin fari kama qodna. 40% ilaa 60% dadku weli ma haystaan biyo nadiif ah
oo la cabo, waxa ayinta badan ka cabaan ilaha biyaha furan sida ceelasha, balayada, dhijaamaha, biyaha
roobka, qulqulka durdurada, iyo biyo xidheenada. Somaliland waxa ay wajahaysaa halis biyo yari korodhka
degdega ah ee magaalooyinka. 46% dadweynaha ku nool dalka ayaan heli Karinbiyo nadiif ah, qoondada
dhaqaale ee miisaaniyada biyaha ayaa ah 1.9% oo u dhigan $6.7 milyan.
Ciidamadda
Ciidamadu waa halbowlaha hormarka iyo geedisocodka dowladnimada. Ciidanku waa kuwo u heelan
marwalba difaaca dalka, dadka iyo diinta, sidaas dartee waxa ay ahayd in si weyn kor loogu qaado
musharaadka iyo gunnooyinka sanadka balse qoondada kordhinta 20% ah ee miisaaniyadda 2020 waa cadad
yar oo aan wax weyn ka tarayn baahiyaha tiro beelka ah ee ku gedaaman askarta heeganka u ah jiritaanka
ummadnimo iyo qaranka.
Jaantus 11 Ciidanka Baamboyda iyo Qaaranka
Talo Soo Jeedin
1. Hanaanka loo nidaamiyo miisaaniyadaha dowladaha hoose
waa in dib u habayn iyo wax ka bedel lagu sameeyo shuruucda
dhaqaalaha udub dhexaadka u ah gaar ahaan Xeer Lr.23/2019.
2. Cashuurta iibka (Salex tax) oo ah cashuurta ugu badan
bartilmaameedka dakhliga cashuuraha ee lagu qabto Dekedda
Berbera, waa in lagu qabtaa halka xaqa ah oo ah meesha u
dambaysa ee uu iibku ka dhacay, oo laga daayaa sii qadimaada
(Totaly Stop Advance of Sales tax).
3. Dowladu waa in kordhisaa dedaalada ururinta cashuurha iyo
khidmadaha si ay maalgelin ku fulin ugu hesho adeegyadda
bulshada, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha iyo waxsoosaarka.
4. Xukuumadu waa in ay yaraysaa kharashaadka xad-dhaafka ah
ee aan loo baahnayn. Waa in ay xoojisaa ha’ayadaha sadaaliya
isbedelada dhaqaalaha si loo gaadho qiyaasta saxda ah ee
dakhliga iyo kharashka, si looga baaqsado hoos u dhac iyo
isdhin miisaaniyadeed.
5. Xukuumadu waa in ay maalgelisaa kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha
iyo waxsoosaarka gudaha si loo kobciyo dhaqaalaha bulshada,
oo loo helo shaqo abuur badan, waa in dekedo yaryar oo
kaluumeysiga ah laga sameeyaa magaalo xeebeedyadda
Saylac iyo Maydh.
6. Mashaariicda hormarineed waxa kaliya loo qoondeeyay 7.4%
miisaaniyada taas oo ah qoondayn hoosaysa, waa in la
kordhiyaa kharashka mashaariicda ilaa 25%.
7. Marka laga hadlayo Nidaamka dowlad wanaaga gudashada
waajibaadka iyo isla xisaabtanku waa laba aan kala hadhin.
Waa lagama maarmaan in Somaliland hesho hanti- dhowr
madax banaan, u leh karti hawl qabashada baadhista,
dabagalka, la xisaabtanka iyo u soo bandhigida bulshada iyo
dowladda xisaab-xidhada maaliyadeed ee sanadlaha si
daahfuran.
Ku Sahabsan Qoraagga Falanqaynta

Bashir Mohamed waa aasaasaha xarunta ESAC, waa shakhsi ka

faalooda arrimaha dhaqaalaha, bulshada, siyaasadda iyo isbeddelka
mandaqadda Geeska Africa. Waxa uu culuumta dhaqaalaha
shahaadada koowaad ka diyaariyay jaamicadda Camuud. Hab
fogaan arag ah waxa uu ku bartay qoondaynta iyo suuqgeynta
shirkadaha Jaamicadda Illinois. Hadda waxa uu takhakhus ku
diyaariyaa xisaabaadka maaliyadda guud. Bashir waa xeeldheere ku
xarrago faalooda qoraalka, in ka badan 50 maqaal oo kala
mawduucyo ah ayuu qoray. Waxa uu si gaara u qoray saddex faallo
taxliil oo arrimaha dhaqaalaha iyo miisaaniyadda ah oo kala ah;
Somaliland economic decline and the impact of Covid-19, Budget 2021 Analysi iyo Dynamic
Inflation and the impact of household. Bashiir waxa uu kaalin firfircoon ka qaataa arrimaha
waxbarashada, ururadda dhallinyarada, iyo hoggaaminta bulshadda rayidka.
 Economic and Social Analysing Center- ESAC
About ESAC

E
conomic and Social Analysing Centre (ESAC) is an independent think tank and a civic forum
that seeks to promote pluralism of ideas through open, active and informed public debate on
key economic and social issues, with a mission to foster sustainable growth and development
in Somaliland through advancement of research –based knowledge and policy analysis. Our
aim is to build new models that build on and improves the existing ones. The ESAC is non-
governmental and non-profit organization, free from political, clans, region, and ethnic divisions that
was founded in Borama, 2019. The institute is formed by group intellectuals, opinion formers,
research professionals and practitioners whose objective is about creating new way to think about and solve range of
complex challenges from state economics and socio-economic through research and analysis.
Mission Statement
ESAC is a center of think thank that generates new knowledge that aims to be relevant, original and
excellent.

Vision Statement
To be the leading center of excellence in economic studies and analysis of social affairs in
Somaliland and Horn Africa

Core Values
Professional integrity.
Operating efficiency and effectiveness.
Providing responsive, prompt, impartial and equitable service.
Why We Exist
• Enhance skills and knowledge in economic studies and analysis social affairs through
research and analysis.
• Identifying, analysing and evaluating current policy issues and its impact on the stability of economy and the
development of the country.
• Conducting objectives and high-quality economic and social policy.

ESAC DEBATE FORUM

This is a platform for leaders, elite, academics and politicians to share their thoughts on the critical
issues, also listen to local intellectual’s view and concerns- a forum for candid, but civilized, exchange
of views that looks into socio-economic and political matter.