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ML: Course Objectives

NIMS University
NIET 1.Understand the concept of learning in computer and science.
DEPARTMENT OF CSE 2.Compare and contrast different paradigms for learning
(supervised, unsupervised, etc.).
3.Design experiments to evaluate and compare different
Faculty: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan machine learning techniques on real-world problems.

Lecture – 1 Foundations of Machine Learning

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COURSE OUTCOMES Syllabus

On completion of this course, the students shall be able to:-

1. Comprehend core machine learning concepts (supervised/unsupervised
learning, models) for data analysis and prediction.
2. Implement various machine learning algorithms (e.g., linear regression, kNN,
decision trees) to solve real-world problems.
3. Evaluate and compare model performance using appropriate metrics (accuracy,
precision, recall).
4. Preprocess and prepare data for machine learning tasks (cleaning, normalization,
feature engineering).
5. Communicate machine learning results effectively, interpreting model behavior
and limitations.

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SUGGESTIVE READINGS MODE OF EVALUATION

Theory
• Text/References Books:
Internal End Term
• 1. Kevin P. Murphy, “Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective”, MIT Press, 2012. Components
• 2. Ethem Alpaydin, “Introduction to Machine Learning”, MIT Press, Third Edition, 2014.
Assessment Examination
• 3. Tom Mitchell, "Machine Learning", McGraw-Hill, 1997.
Marks 30 70
• 4. Sebastian Raschka, Vahid Mirjilili,”Python Machine Learning and deep learning”, 2nd edition, kindle book,
Total Marks 100
2018
Lab
• 5. Carol Quadros,”Machine Learning with python, scikit-learn and Tensorflow”, Packet Publishing, 2018
Internal End Term
• 6. Gavin Hackeling,” Machine Learning with scikit-learn”, Packet publishing, O’Reily, 2018 Components
Assessment Examination
• 7. Stanford Lectures of Prof. Andrew Ng on Machine Learning
Marks 15 35
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Machine Learning (CSC601B) 50
By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 6

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Index 1. Basics of AI
1. Basics of AI • Q1. What is Artificial Intelligence?
2. Machine Learning
3. Example • Intelligence is an inherent part of human brain.
4. Why is ML important?
• When this intelligence is mimic by machines to improve efficiency and
solve complex problems then it is called Artificial Intelligence.

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1. Basics of AI 1. Basics of AI
• Cognitive Computing→ Just like humans have senses and brain. Similarly machines are given
• Q2. What are the sub-branches of Artificial Intelligence? artificial senses and brain to interact. E.g. Robot.

• Computer Vision → Patterns are identified in images and video.

• Cognitive Computing
• Computer Vision • Deep Learning → Complex patterns are identified in large amount of data.

• Deep Learning • Machine Learning → Analytical models are made by the machines using data.
• Machine Learning
• Neural Network → Just like human brain have neurons. Similarly machines work with artificial
• Neural Network neurons and learn the task

• Natural Language Processing • Natural Language Processing → Just like humans learn and speak a language. Now we want
machines to do so. E.g. Automatic Translation.

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1. Basics of AI 1. Basics of AI
• Q3. What is the Difference between AI and Machine Learning?

• AI is the border term and ML is a part of it.

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1. Basics of AI 1. Basics of AI
• Q5. Where is AI used in daily life?
• Q4. What is the Difference between AI, Machine Learning and Deep
Learning? • Google Assistant → To dial a telephone No, To look for information
• Google Lens → To take data\link from picture and give relevant info.

• AI is the broader term and ML is a part of it. • Alexa(Amazon) → To play a song (Virual Pers. Assistant: Siri(Apple)
• Similarly ML is a broader term and Deep Learning is a part of it.
• OTT Recommendations → Where we see the content as per our previous content viewing.
• Online Shopping Recommendations → Where we see the product as per our previous product
buying.

• Chatgpt→Chatbot
• Google→Gemini

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2. Machine Learning 2. Machine Learning

• Key Points in the Definition: • Pattern Recognition: ML focuses on finding patterns in data to make
sense of it.
• Subset of AI: ML is a part of the broader field of artificial intelligence.
• Predictions and Decisions: The ultimate goal is to perform tasks like
classification, regression, clustering, or decision-making.
• No Explicit Programming: ML models learn patterns and rules from
data rather than following hard-coded instructions.

• Learning from Experience: The system improves its performance over

time with exposure to more data.
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2. Machine Learning 3. Example

• Definition: • Example: Email Spam Detection

• Machine Learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that enables • Problem:

systems to automatically learn and improve from experience without • How can a system automatically identify whether an incoming email
being explicitly programmed. It focuses on developing algorithms that is spam or not without being explicitly told the rules for spam
can identify patterns in data, make predictions, and take decisions identification?
based on the data provided.

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3. Example 3. Example
• Example: Email Spam Detection • Example: Email Spam Detection

1. Data: 2. Pattern Recognition:

• Input: A dataset of emails labelled as "spam" or "not spam. " • The algorithm analyses labelled data to identify patterns. For instance:

• Spam emails often include terms like "Congratulations," "Win," or "Limited Offer.“
• Features: Words in the email (e.g., "free," "offer"), sender
information, frequency of certain keywords, etc. • Non-spam emails might include business-related language.

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3. Example 3. Example
• Example: Email Spam Detection • Example: Email Spam Detection

3. Model Training: 4. Prediction:

• A supervised learning algorithm (e.g., logistic regression, decision • When a new email arrives, the trained model evaluates its features
tree) learns from the training data to associate email features with and predicts whether it is spam or not based on learned patterns.
labels (spam/not spam).

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3. Example 3. Example
• Example: Email Spam Detection • Example: Email Spam Detection

5. Improvement Over Time: • Why This Example Fits the Definition:

• The system learns patterns from labelled email data.
• As the model encounters new emails, it continues to improve its • It makes predictions about new emails.
accuracy by incorporating feedback (e.g., correcting false positives • It does this without explicitly programmed rules for spam detection.
and negatives).
• The model improves its performance over time as it processes more
data.

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4. Why is ML important? 4. Why is ML important?

• Machine Learning is important because it enables systems to solve • 1. Automation of Complex Processes
complex problems, adapt to new challenges, and make data-driven
decisions more efficiently and effectively than traditional
programming approaches. • ML can automate tasks that are too complex or time-consuming to
program explicitly.

• Here are the key reasons why Machine Learning is crucial:

• Example: Self-driving cars analyze sensor data in real time to navigate
safely.

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4. Why is ML important? 4. Why is ML important?

• 2. Data-Driven Decision Making • 3. Scalability

• ML models derive insights and patterns from vast amounts of data, • ML systems can handle and analyze massive datasets that are beyond
leading to better decision-making. human capabilities.

• Example: Businesses use ML for personalized marketing and demand • Example: Social media platforms use ML to moderate billions of posts
forecasting. and detect harmful content.

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4. Why is ML important? 4. Why is ML important?

• 4. Continuous Improvement • 5. Versatility Across Domains

• ML models improve their performance over time as they are exposed • ML is applicable in various industries, solving unique problems:
to more data and feedback.
• Healthcare: Disease diagnosis and drug discovery.
• Example: Email spam filters get better at detecting spam as they
process more emails. • Finance: Fraud detection and stock market predictions.

• Entertainment: Personalized recommendations (e.g., Netflix, Spotify).

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4. Why is ML important? 4. Why is ML important?

• 6. Enabling Innovation • 7. Cost and Time Efficiency

• ML drives cutting-edge innovations in fields like robotics, natural • Automating repetitive tasks reduces operational costs and accelerates
language processing, and computer vision. processes.

• Example: AI assistants like Siri or Alexa use ML for voice recognition • Example: Chatbots handle customer queries without human
and natural language understanding. intervention.

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4. Why is ML important? Task

• 8. Solving Problems Beyond Human Capability • 1. Basics of AI and Machine Learning

• ML can uncover patterns and solutions that are impossible\v. difficult • Question 1: What is the relationship between Artificial Intelligence
for humans to identify. (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)? Explain how ML fits within the
broader field of AI. (10 marks)
• Example: ML algorithms analyze astronomical data to discover new
planets.

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Task REFERENCES
• 2. Example and Importance of ML • ChatGPT

• Question 2: Describe a real-world example of Machine Learning in • Gemini

action. Why do you think Machine Learning is important in solving
this specific problem? (10 Marks)
• Google

• YouTube

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THANK YOU

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