1.

Introduction
Green building philosophy is derived from the term “Arcology” which stands for a
combination of architecture and ecology [1]. It addresses environmental and health
problems as well as minimizes the effects of the construction sector on the natural
habitat and individuals. Green buildings are also more energy-efficient so that the
adverse effect of building on the environment and inhabitants is reduced. The built
environment,including building,operating, and management normally require
enormous amounts of energy, water, and raw materials,generating large quantities of
waste and causing air and water pollution. The only solution is to develop greener and
more resource-efficient con struction, renewal, operations, and maintenance strategies
[2]. The application of the theory of high-performance buildings in the construction
sector is indispensable as it prioritizes environmentally responsible and efficient
resource allocation to the building's whole life cycle. Green buildings can save 36%
of total energy consumption, 65% of electricity consumption, 30% of greenhouse gas
emissions, 30% of raw material consumption, 30% of waste output, and 12% of
potable water consumption [3].

Ethiopia's buildings are not critically assessed and evaluated from a sustainability
perspective because there are no such types of studies conducted
sofar.Noinstitutionisresponsibletoevaluateandcertifythebuildings(both
newandexisting)butstill,theyarebeingconstructedatanincreasingrate. Ethiopia is in
urgent need of using green design practices for enhancingthe environmental,social,
andeconomicperformancesof both existing and new buildings. Preparing an
evaluation techniques intended for the Ethiopian context is indispensable; such a tool
is urgently needed. Therefore; this study has prepared the proposed allocated points
and awards for the buildings to be assessed were
Ethiopia's construction sector is rapidly expanding, with buildings being built by
private sectors, real estate developers, the government, individuals, and cooperatives.
These buildings are used for residences, commercials, institutions, services, and
others. The construction of new buildings should be synchronized with the natural
environment by conserving and preserving it. This can be ach ieved by depending
more on the availability of renewable resources, water, and other resources. We are
also observing limits in the exploi tation of non-renewable resources and
understanding the threats to na ture as well as the surroundings. There are no
evaluation techniques, categories and criteria so far. There is a need of creating novel
methods and practices by considering the philosophy and applications of the
perception of high-performance building for the success of development in the
construction industry of Ethiopia. The main assumption of this study is that
developing sustain able building assessment tool must be depending upon reviewing
and examining the most widely and commonly used practices of the indus trialized
nations; the developed tool must be suitable to the Ethiopian context, directed toward
the residential buildings only and implemented from the initial stages of design. The
existing environmental assessment methods like BREEAM, LEED, SBTool, and
CASBEE were developed for different local purposes and are not fully applicable to
all regions [9]. Consideration of agreement among the Ethiopian experienced experts
on applicable sustainability categories and criteria will be the best solution.

2. Key benefits of green building practices This section presents the concepts and key
advantages of green building contextual implementation in infrastructure projects.
These benefits can be classified as Environmental Benefits, Economic, and Social
Benefits. 2.1. Environmental benefits As noted by (Reddy, 2016), the main benefits of
green building include the following: reducing energy consumption; decreasing the
use of natural resources; protecting existing natural spaces; enhancing existing
ecology; reducing water consumption; lowering greenhouse gas emissions and air
pollution; improving indoor air quality; reducing volumes of solid waste; minimizing
material use and using low-impact materials; reducing the use of high-energy
materials in interiors, and acceptable outdoor and indoor noise levels (Alshboul et al.,
2022). Green building brings together a vast collection of practices, methods, and
skills to decrease and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the
environment and human health (Kamali et al., 2023; Nath et al., 2020). It often
emphasizes taking advantage of renewable resources, e.g., using sunlight through
passive solar, active solar, and photovoltaic techniques and using plants and trees
through green roofs, green gardens, and reduction of rainwater runoff. Many other
methods can be used, such as using wood as a building material or employing packed
gravel or permeable concrete instead of conventional concrete or asphalt to enhance
groundwater replenishment (Uparwat et al., 2012).
2.2. Economic benefits Several authors have stated that the construction of green
buildings has numerous economic benefits. The monetary usefulness of sustainable
buildings is 10 times greater than the average initial investment required to design and
construct a sustainable building in the long term. The benefits of life cycle cost
savings on utility costs and maintenance costs make building green especially
attractive to owners (Behnam, 2017). From the life cycle point of view, the expense
endeavours are similarly associated with the enhanced building efficiency of working
for the most part. Appropriately, the operation cost is advanced. Green buildings are
designed to save around 30% of essential energy compared to conventional structures
(Ojo-Fafore et al., 2018). Building operating costs are drastically reduced as a result
of the adoption of green buildings, resulting in increased productivity (Gbadegesin &
Ogunba, 2010). Info and On (2019) posited that human capital, or employees’ costs,
are 70% and 80% of a company’s expenses compared with rent at 5% and energy
costs between 1% and 2%. It enhanced productivity. Ojo-Fafore et al. (2018)
acknowledged about 14 green building advantages, including water and energy
conservation, enhanced cost saving, improved quantity estimation, residential
productivity growth, a 5% reduction in non-appearance, and additional benefits asso
ciated with comfort, hazard, attraction, and intensity. 2.3. Social benefits Nowadays,
the “feel-good” factor is a social motivator for building green buildings, especially in
large cities. The social benefits of sustainable building design are about improving
people’s quality of life, health, and happiness. High-performance or sustainable
buildings provide the best value to individuals and society. As a result, sustainable
buildings have better indoor air quality, comfort, and economy and are more likely to
persuade buyers that they directly affect their health and happiness. The materials
used to construct homes in non-green buildings contain hundreds of contami nants.
These harmful chemicals have been connected to children’s asthma, adult respiratory
problems, and headaches. The contaminants, often called “sick building syndrome,”
directly affect the health of occupants in big cities. However, these concerns can be
easily solved by utilizing green materials. In addition to the above study results on the
benefits of green building, the following benefits that have a significant contribution
to sustainable construction were identified and will be dis cussed in detail as a result
of an in-depth literature search. And meanwhile, these benefits will serve as a
foundation for the study’s questionnaire development. Table 1 summarizes the key
benefits of green building considerations.