Buddhist Architecture
Buddhist Architecture
UNDP/BGD/81/007
Technical Report
BANGLADESH
Preparation of a Master Plan for the
Conservation and the Presentation of the
Cultural Heritage - Monuments and Sites
','Wn".
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By
© Unesco I983
Printed in France
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document
do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United
Nations'Development Programme or the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country,
territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers.
BANGLADESH REPORT
C O N T E N T S
PAGE
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS i
Summary of Costs }
General Recommendations i
Paharpur - Recommendations for the Repair and
Consolidation of the Monument Itself ü
Paharpur - The Protection of the Monument's
Environment }}
Paharpur - The Presentation of the Monument }}}
Paharpur - Staff Accommodation }}}
Paharpur - Archaeological Recommendations iü
i v
THE BAGERHAT MONUMENTS
The Bagerhat Monuments - General *v
The Bagerhat Monuments - Recommendations to
Protect their Environment *v
Bagerhat Monuments - Archaeological
v
Recommendations
Bagerhat Monuments - The Presentation
v
of the Monuments
v
Bagerhat Monuments - Staff Accommodation
MANAGEMENT OF THE PROJECT vi
v
Management - Project Offices *
Management - Technical Assistance and Staff
v
Training *
V 1
Management - Project Equipment
Part 1 INTRODUCTION 1
A General Appraisal 55
1 1 9
5.1 G E N E R A L PROPOSALS
12
5.2 THE SITES °
PAGE
Paharpur - Terra cotta plaques that have disappeared since September 198I
Paharpur - Lichen and Algae growth on the main shrine
Paharpur - Damage caused from visitors climbing the Monument
Paharpur - View to the South-East from the top of the main shrine
Paharpur - Exposure of the stone sculptures at the base of the main shrine
Paharpur - One deep trench should be left open
Page 82: Bagerhat - Bibi Begni's Mosque - Set amidst tropical vegetation
Bagerhat - Chunakola Mosque - An agricultural setting
Page 90: Bagerhat - New Highway passing to the North of Singar Mosque - turn-off
point for visitor facilities
Page 92: Bagerhat - The present department resthouse is located within the curtilage
of the Shait Gumbad Mosque
Bagerhat - A modern concrete porch has been added to the front of the
Khan Jahan Mosque
Page 102: Bagerhat - A gargoyle used to control rainwater on Khan Jahan's Mausoleum
Page 104: Bagerhat - The ruins of Zinda Pir Mosque^an unprotected monument
Bagerhat - Local collection of archaeological finds from the Bagerhat sites
Page 110: Bagerhat - Khan Jahan's Mausoleum - view from the South-West
Bagerhat - Khan Jahan's Mausoleum - Interior
PAGE
Summary of Costs
The estimated total base cost of the Project is 82.2 million Takka
(4.1 million dollars U . S . ) . The estimated total cost including
allowances for price inflation is Takka 122.3 million (5.6 million
dollars U . S . ) . These costs are based on detailed analyses set out
in Annexes 17 to 26.
General Recommendations
i
body such as that of the Parjatan Corporation.
To protect and treat the terra cotta plaques, they should firstly
be recorded and then they should be cleaned of any vegetal
growth, prior to soaking them several times in clean water to
remove any salts. Consolidation and treatment should be carried
out under the direction of the Central Conservation Laboratory.
To secure the plaques, in situ, they should be anchored to the
main fabric with stainless steel cramps.
11
Monument be acquired to protect it from encroachment.
Any new structures built within the acquired area should either be
well screened or should be of a traditional character.
m
particular concern are the northern pond which will serve as the
collection sump and the area outside the northern entrance.
IV
constructed within the curtilage of both Shait Gumbad and the
Khan Jahan Mausoleum be relocated beyond the immediate confines
of these sites.
- As the two Monument Areas are a few miles apart, separate Visitor
Amenities are recommended for each area. As the Department's
offices and staff quarters are already located at Shait Gumbad, it
is, recommended that the Museum cum Exhibition Building should
also be located there.
The visitor facilities recommended for the Khan Jahan group will
be limited to parking, a picnic area and toilet facilities.
v
Management of the Project
vi
1.
Part I - INTRODUCTION
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reproduced from M a p of Bangladesh, first edition 1972 kilometres
With the British assuming political powers around the turn of the
18th century building art acquired a new dimension. The strong
influence of the Neo-Classical Renaissance became apparent in the new
churches and state buildings as a total contrast to the indigenous
architecture of Asia. Many such buildings can still be found in and
around Dacca and stand as witnesses to another important period in the
historical development of Bangladesh.
In the area now known as Bagerhat some five hundred years after
the founding of Paharpur, Ulugh Khan Jahan, a rather nebulous
warrior- saint, founded the city of Khalifatabad during the period when
some leaders from the west were introducing the Islamic faith to Bengal
part of which was later to become Bangladesh. A large number of
mosques and mausoleums is attributed to Khan Jahan together with
several ornamental fresh water tanks and a considerable road network.
Long abandoned, these buildings have been engulfed by the jungle, by
farms and encroachment from the expanding local towns and settlements.
Today only a few buildings are still standing, a few more ruins have
been located but many must have been obliterated altogether.
There are presently 182 protected sites and monuments (See Annex
3). About a half of these are structures (mosques, tombs, temples, forts,
bridges, pillars, etc.) and the remainder are unexcavated, or only
partly excavated mounds and remains. In the ten-year period 1971 -
1981, the Department of Archaeology and Museums managed to undertake
conservation work on about half of the structures and at the same time
were able to carry out excavations at a number of the more important
unexplored archaeological mounds and ruins. All of this work has been
financed entirely by the Government of Bangladesh. The greater part of
the work has been carried out under various development projects
supervised by the Department of Archaeology and Museums; the remainder
has been supported from the Department's ordinary non-development
budget.
There are signs that recruitment procedures recently have been in-
ordinately slow; certain posts have been vacant for nearly two years.
These procedures, nevertheless, are largely beyond the control of the
Department. As regards conditions of service, a specific handicap is
that the Department is not covered by the Bangladesh Civil Service
Rules, 1981. As a consequence, for example, a favourable adjustment to
the salaries of the constituted cadres of the Bangladesh Civil Service
which became effective from 1 October 1981, was not applied to the
officers of the Department of Archaeology and Museums. Assuming that
this particular situation can be resolved2, salaries for certain kinds of
posts would still not be competitive. This is particularly true of posts
in the engineering and technical areas, and it is these posts that are
especially critical if there is to be an expansion of conservation work
in the years ahead.
1 (Sec. (b)) Approved cost Taka 49.87 lakh; expenditure Taka 48.92
lakh (See. Annex 5 ) .
9.
To begin with, the First Five-Year Plan laid the foundation for
development of essential elements of physical education and
preservation and development of the country's cultural heritage.
The aim of the Second Plan is to bring about qualitative
improvement and suitable quantitative expansion in this field.
Second Five-Year
Programme P l a n ' s Allocation
in Taka-Crore
Cultural Properties:
TOTAL -40.00
Essentially, the first two projects carry on and enlarge the work
begun under the First Five-Year Plan. The Third project - to establish
a headquarters for the Department2 has been frozen at present under a
temporary government-wide ban on new office buildings. Details of
expenditures so far under the first two projects were made available
(See Annex 6 ) . Conservation work is continuing on certain monuments
carried over from the First Five-Year Plan and the Two-Year Plan,
notably Gerda Mosque in Faridpur, Lalbagh Fort in Dacca, Paharpur in
Rajshahi, and Shait Gumbad Mosque at Bagerhat. In addition,
conservation work is beginning on Khania Dighi Mosque and Rohanpur
Mughal Tomb in Rajshahi, and on the Kacharibari of Poet Tagore at
Pabna. Excavation is being conducted at Mangolkot and Bihar Dhap in
Bogra, and at Mainamati in Comilla. Additional land for protection of
the monuments has been purchased around the nine-domed mosque and
Shait Gumbad Mosque at Bagerhat. The extensions . to Chittagong and
Mahasthan museums are being completed, and work has started on
extensions and improvements to the museum at Mainamati. The
establishment of Sher-e-Bangla Museum is also in hand, and activities
under the survey of Archaeological Monuments have been stepped u p .
Besides the work carried out under its development budget, the
Department also carries out a certain amount of conservation work under
the heading 'special repairs' in its ordinary non-development budget.
The funds available for 'special repairs' are modest (See Annex 7 ) , but
nevertheless they allow the Department a certain amount of necessary
flexibility in dealing with emergency conservation jobs as they arise.
In the five-year period 1976/77 - 1980/81 the Department carried out
'special repairs' on 23 different monuments (See Annex 8 ) .
(a) General
(b) Presentation
(c) Promotion
During the middle of the 8th century with the rise of the Pala
dynasty, Buddhism flourished and once more became the most important
creed in Bengal and Bihar. As their power increased the Palas
founded more and more monasteries throughout their growing empire.
Some of these viharas became great centres of learning and their
reputation spread quickly throughout the length and breadth of Asia.
Pious pilgrims, especially monks from as far as China and the islands
of Southeast Asia, flocked to these scholarly establishments located in
the homeland of Buddhism.
It was only in 1919 that the ruins were finally placed on the list
of protected monuments and excavation was begun in 1923, initially as a
joint venture, by the Archaeological Survey of India and the Varendra
Research Society. From 1926/7 onwards, K . N . Dikshit, one of the
senior officers of the Survey, was in charge of the operations which
continued until 1933/4. The result of this work was astounding for it
uncovered one of the largest Buddhist monasteries in the whole of the
subcontinent. When the campaign was closed down the last important
phase of occupation of the complex had almost completely been brought
to light.
After 1945 the lower levels of a few cells on the eastern side of
the complex were excavated by R . Mughal but the results were never
published. In preparation of the present campaign to rehabilitate, with
the help of UNESCO, this extremely important site, the Department of
Archaeology and Museums undertook excavation in December 1981,
primarily to establish the three major rebuilding phases in the cells
mentioned in Dikshit's report. These three occupation levels can
tentatively be attributed to the end of the 8th century» the period
between the late 10th and early 11th centuries, and the late 11th and
early 12th centuries. During the recent excavations under the direction
of M r . Qadir, three major rebuilding phases were indeed encountered on
all four sides of the quadrangle. In addition, it was found that the
size of the monastic cells belonging to the earliest occupation level was
reduced in the second rebuilding phase, resulting in a considerable
increase in the total number of cells. Finally, in a restricted area,
the remains of a structure underlying Dikshit's earliest period were
brought to light. Its alignments bore no relationship whatsoever with
those of the monastic plan above it.
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Paharpur - The Ghat at the South East corner of the monastic complex
23.
special mention. Due to damage by fire only the upper half, down to
the thighs, has been preserved. However, it is still possible to make
out that the figure once represented the Master in a standing attitude.
The surviving part of the image measures roughly L, feet and 3 inches,
so the total height of the original must have been about 8 feet. This
bronze, which is reminiscent of classical Gupta art and bears a close
resemblance with the Gupta idiom of Sarnath, was probably enshrined on
completion of the monastery and therefore might date from the early 9th
century. The only other known bronze Buddha of the Pala Dynasty of
equal size is the famous image from Sultanganj in Bihar, now in the
Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery.
Although the temple has been restored several times in the past, it
still retains its original form without any major changes or additions.
It is likely that the extended cruciform plan prevented this, forcing any
expansion to be in an upward direction. The only other notable
alterations were to the monastic cells but these were restricted to
squeezing in extra cells within the overall perimeter.
25.
1 RAJSHAHI
2 ÍOÍHA
1 PABNA
R E F E R E H C E S "
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY 1. K H A N I A DI6HI M O S Q U E 11. G06INDA T E M P L E
DISTRICT BOUNDARY . . . 2. DHANCHAK MOSQUE 12. GOPALA TEMPLE
SUB DIVISION BOUNDARY 3- CHOTASONA MASJID 13. JAGADDHATRI TEMPLE
METALLED ROAD ». MADRASHA U. ANHIK TEMPLE
UNMETALLED ROAD 5- TOMB AND MOSÛUE OF 22. MAHASTHAN MOSQUE
15. RATH TEMPLE
RAILWAY WITH STATION •-• SHAH NIAMATULLAH 23. GOKUL MEDH
16. BAGHA MOSQUE
RIVER 6- DARASBARI MOSQUE 24. KHERUA MOSQUE
17. KUSUMBA MOSQUE
MUSLIM MONUMENTS-. O 7. ROHANPUR TOMB 18- HALUO VIHARA
25. JA6ANNATH TEMPLE
HINDU MONUMENTS . . . ». BARA KUTHI 26. BANGLA TEMPLE
Q »• SIVA TEMPLE
19- PAHARPUR MONASTERY
BUDDHIST MONUMENTS . . . 2a VASU VIHARA 27. CHATMOHAR MOSQUE
OTHER MONUMENTS • - • A 10. DOL-MANDAP
21. MAHASTHANCARH 28- JORE BANGLA TEMPLE
Figure 2
26.
(a) General
2 Ibid, Appendix D
The traces of old water courses, which are detectable from the
air, mostly run in a north-south direction although an east-west arm
would appear to have extended south of the monastery past the ghat and
the latrine block. At their lowest points these watercourses remain as
' M i s ' or catchment ponds which flood to lakes, over many acres, during
the monsoon period but can dry up altogether in the winter. A small
'bil' exists northeast of the Monument and a much larger one to the
southeast, but both are being reduced in size, each year, by silt and
cultivation.
Many of the fields within sight of the monastery are used for rice
cultivation over an extended period due to the introduction of deep
tubewells and irriculture, although some jute, wheat and sugar-cane is
grown, lending seasonal variety. The nearest tubewell, barely 100
yards beyond the northwest corner of the monastery, is suitably
disguised under a bamboo and straw thatched hut which fits well into
the landscape. A local temporary brick kiln was in operation about
half a mile west of the monument and no doubt other brick kilns are
erected from time to time. These are not obtrusive visually but they do
emit pungent fumes.
Numerous cart tracks and footpaths traverse the area from one
village to the next, following a zigzag course between the paddy fields.
In fine weather these are easily negotiable by visitors but they become
deep in mud during the rainy season.
General Introduction
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Where more recent repair and restoration work has been carried
out and where probably a poorer quality brick has been used, the
bricks are suffering a far more rapid erosion, and the defects in areas
that are subjected to dampness, such as the inner return walls and
where there is considerable evaporation off the surface of the brickwork,
particularly on the south and west elevations, have been greatly
exaggerated.
Paharpur - Terra cotta plaques that have disappeared since September 1981
(i) The Nature of the Problem: Aside from the general problems
of restoring and presenting the monastic complex, the most pressing task
is to prevent the accumulation of water within the present courtyard
which is already two to three feet lower than the surrounding plain.
Completely enclosed by the outer wall, the entire courtyard acts as a
catchment basin for monsoon waters. The low lying areas within the
courtyard are usually inundated from June to November each year.
Hence, further excavations to restore the monastery to its original state
34.
Main entrance
Main entrance
1 Hot to scale
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Pond
Low lying
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An unlined dug well located about 15 feet beyond the eastern wall
of the monastery (near Cell No. 35) was dug in 1979. The well which
was originally 16 feet deep, gradually decreased in depth due to the
caving in of its walls until it finally filled u p . Monthly measurements
of water levels began on 22 September 1979 and intensified to weekly
observations in April 1981.
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Secondly, it has been known since 1966 that coal seams exist in an
area stretching westwards from Jamalganj which probably extend below
the Monument itself. The seams are too deep for economical extraction
at present but Jamalganj, being on the main railway line, has been
selected as a centre for coal mining in the future. Jamalganj is only
three miles east of Paharpur and industrialisation of this kind could
clearly affect the Monument adversely. Changes of ground level can
occur following extraction of coal seams, and before any mining were to
take place near the Monument a careful assessment of the effect of
changes of level would be necessary. Assurances from geological
surveyors would need to be verified by actual experience following
extractions in an area not immediately adjoining the Monument.
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Paharpur - View to the South-East from the top of the Main Shrine
45.
(ii) The Stone Reliefs at the Base of the Central Shrine: In the
course of the major excavation of the main monument, and below present
ground level, 63 stone sculptures were found to have been inserted in
the base of the central shrine. As the annual waterlogging threatened
to damage them, Dikshit decided to cover them up again. In the
following years, a few of these reliefs were annually re-excavated
during the dry season so as to enable visitors to see them. However,
more recently they have all remained underground throughout the year.
to Dinajpur
Rangpur
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5 If new
11
housing m i nïi rr g
Site
to Santahar ^ffor Bogra
Dacca
Abdulpur £ for Rajshahi
Ishurdi
Kushtia
and unskilled staff has to be hired to assist in the work. The same
applies to archaeological research as archaeology is not taught at any
of the existing universities in Bangladesh.
Figure 7
•50.
From all indications on the building and from a close look at the
surrounding area, the problem appears to be that the lime is made from
an 'Evaporitè1 deposit which contains large proportions of calcium sul-
phate. The upper section of the temple structure has undergone fairly
major reconstruction during which period it is likely that a large
quantity of Evaporite Lime was used. Rainwater during the monsoon
dissolves the salts and the solution percolates through the brickwork
and evaporates on the surface of the brickwork. During further rainy
periods, the salts once again are dissolved and percolate down through
the structure to the lower levels, forming the strange triangular shape
51.
the earlier barriers placed over the terraced paths and the outlet points
around the shrine.
TT /
Pond -ni
.Slightly elevated
ground
Secondary drain
Secondary drain
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Paharpur - A defined safe route to the top of the main shrine is recommended
Visitors will naturally still want to climb to the top of the shrine
and a defined (but not over-conspicuous) safe route is recommended.
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»Paharpur - Grading of courtyard to the last occupation level
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The design of the pond has therefore been based on a three hour
storage capacity for a rainfall intensity with a five-year frequency. In
order to maintain symmetry with the main temple, the width of the pond
is recommended to be equal to that of the main entrance to the central
shrine, or approximately 80 feet. The length of the pond is dependent
on how much storage depth is utilized. Taking into consideration the
physical restraints imposed upon the size of the new pond, it has been
accepted that it is not possible to achieve the required storage volume
without penetrating even the lowest Ground Water table level. The size
of the new pool has therefore been based on a 6 ' 0" storage depth
lowering the floor of the pool to average M . S . L . + 49:0 ft. The
recommended dimensions of the new pool will therefore be 80'-0"
(east-west) x 60'0" (north-south). As the new pool is penetrating the
Ground Water table level, it will be necessary to line the sides and
base of the pond with a waterproof reinforced concrete lining or similar
to prevent the ingress of ground water. (For details see Fig. 10 and
Annex 14).
60,
„Enclosure wall
Courtyard
Circambulation Ground water level
path
Rcmovableconcrete slab
MAIN DRAIN
Courtyard
SECONDARY DRAIN 4
,i I .4 ¿ - » - « y Courtyard
Natural filt
Ground water level
FEEDER DRAIN
«
60 FT. gpprox.
Storage pond
Sump
Main drain
inlet Main drain
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M a i n drain Drain channels
inlet
• 51.5 FT.
Observed lowest
ground water level
Sump
SECTION aa'
01
Paharpur - the North East "bil" which will be convei reservoii
63.
Water levels in both ' M i s ' have been monitored and an analysis
of the available data indicate that water levels in the southeast 'bil'
are generally higher than those of the northeast. Under such
conditions, the conveyance of discharged water by gravity flow into the
southeast 'bil' would not be possible.
For this reason as well as its close proximity, the northeast 'bil'
has been selected as a suitable reservoir after its capacity has been
improved. This will require further excavations and the construction of
an embankment or 'bund' as well as the lining of the entire 'bil' with
a clay blanket to prevent seepage either in to or out of the reservoir.
however that any design should take into account the present regimen of
drainage from adjacent fields into the 'bil'.
Aside from storing pumped water during the monsoon period, the
reservoir could also serve other purposes such as recreation, bathing
etc. The stored water may also be used to irrigate the adjacent fields
during the dry season, thereby increasing the agricultural productivity
around Paharpur.
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Paharpur - General view of department's rest house and museum
Paharpur - View through the north entrance towards the main shrine
67.
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v.
Paharpur - Exposure-of the stone sculptures at the base of the main shrine
MUSEUM and
EXHIBITION
PICNIC
AREAS
CAFE
500
In the first half of the 15th century one Ulugh Khan Jahan
founded a city of an unknown name not far from the present town of
Bagerhat. Later it became a mint town of the independent Sultans of
Bengal, and was then called Khalifatabad. It is possible that this
area had been settled previously but, by the time Khan Jahan arrived,
the region had completely reverted to jungle. His city was founded in
the midst of the wild and inhospitable Sundarbans, a vast marshy and
inpenetrable tract along the coastline of southern Bangladesh.
The only reliable historical fact known about Ulugh Khan Jahan is
provided by the inscription on his tombstone in Bagerhat. It informs us
that he died on the 25th of October 1459 and was buried the next day
in the fine building which still stands on the banks of the beautiful
Thakur Dighi (lake). It is here that he is said to have retired in his
old age and to have led a religious life until he died. One of the
reasons why history is silent about him - apart from the date of his
death - may well be that he probably died without issue. Had he not
only founded a city but also a dynasty, then it is likely that a few
more facts might have come to light by way of a hereditary family
history. The two fakirs who were living near his tomb in 1866 and 1871
and w h o claimed to be his descendants, were unable to substantiate
their claim, as is normally the case in such instances. After Ulugh
Khan Jahan1 s death his capital reverted to jungle, only to be partially
reclaimed very much later, as it is today. Prior to 1863 Bagerhat was
still described as a piece of 'low lying jungle'. The nebulous and
intriguing personality of this staunch warrior and pious chief whose
memory is still cherished throughout the area he ruled and who became
76.
w^mr-.'-iAi
Apart from the Shait Gumbad Mosque and the complex around Ulugh
Khan Jahan's tomb, a number of other religious buildings and ruins
dating from the same period are scattered over the area of the former
city. Their style is a blending of local Bengali elements on the one
hand, and architectural features derived from the imperial buildings of
contemporary Delhi, on the other. Together these shrines form a highly
important group of monuments representing the initial phase of Muslim
architecture in Bangladesh.
Bagerhat - View looking north towards Khan Jahan's Mausoleum from top of
Thakur Dighi steps
79.
Figure 13
81.
from Rupsa East (on the other bank of the river at Khulna) to Bagerhat
(with 6 trains a day in each direction). It is a full d a y ' s journey (12
- 14 hours) by road from Dacca to Bagerhat, but from most parts of the
area bounded by the P a d m a and M e g h n a rivers, in particular from the
districts of Jessore, Faridpur, Khulna a n d Barisal, it is possible, in
principle, to visit Bagerhat b y road and return home (or to base)
within a d a y . The nearest airport is at Jessore (55 miles) with two
flights a d a y in both directions to and from D a c c a .
kilometre»
mil* i
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proposed
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Monument Areas
extant ruined
multi-domed mosque
single domed mosque
mausoleum
domesuc remains
unidentified remains
o
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tanks and ponds
I Monument Area
Monument Area
K « detailed drawing
A\T\A\B A D
\ N
(v) By River: The rivers are much used for transport and
although the Bhairab is no longer navigable by large craft between
Bagerhat and Khulna, a launch service operates and the 'Rocket' paddle
steamer service still runs daily betwen Khulna and Dacca, calling
normally at Chandpur, Barisal, Jhalokati, Hularhat and the new port of
Mangla.
86.
7 ,¿--^ ^:^:£^«¿í»te
Ät
"fmpW'mfw&T" > ^ * ^ ^
^l':~
i
l ;-;:>.
/..•»
. '*>.
1
- '• Vi'!/* > / ' & k
tólf%J* 5T
Bagerhat - New Highway passing to the North of Singar Mosque - tun* • off
point for visitor facilities
91.
Elsewhere, at Reza Khoda and Zinda Pir Mosques, shrubs and trees have
taken root in the brickwork causing partial collapse. At the postulated
site of Khan Jahan's Residence this process is complete and little can be
detected above normal ground level, except for jungle growing on top of
mounds of building rubble.
(i) in the first place, the Department rest house was built
within what -is now known to be the courtyard precinct of
the Shait Gumbad Mosque.
fr* ..;.:^%4<
51
Í* Á:i?'í'si***"T*""'*'
$S5&*$iPÄf
-,w-
Bagerhat - A modern concrete porch has been added to the front of the
Khan Jahan Mosque
93.
(iv) between the group and the large tank called Thakur Dighi
there is a monumental flight of steps and a potentially
well laid out embankment unfortunately marred on the west
side by a girls' school built of corrugated iron.
(v) the east front of the Nine-domed mosque has suffered from
a smallholding enclosed by a brick wall being built within
a few feet of the monument, but it is understood this is
soon to be cleared a w a y .
SHAIT GUMBAD \
MONUMENT AREA \
BIBI BECNl'S M O S Q U E : B3
• .-U-- V
\ ,'i
'•r
• \
\
\
wv..V
1. •
CHUNAKHOLA MOSQUE B4
<J
tr0 m
500 2000
100
village just to the north, and a pleasant picnic area between the
mosque and Ghora Dighi (tank) on the west. Most visitors at present
arrive on foot or by bicycle as there is very little space for coach or
car parking.
Bicycles may be hired and they are one of the most enjoyable
ways of • exploring the network of tracks criss-crossing the Monument
Zones, many places being inaccessible to vehicular traffic. For visitors
arriving by car or coach, however, the paths surrounding the tanks
(especially Ghora Dighi by Shait Gumbad Mosque and Thakur Dighi by
Khan Jahan's Mausoleum) offer a variety of extremely pleasantly shaded
walks.
Along the lanes the visitor will find local handicrafts being made
and offered for sale, and see potters at work .
KHAN JAHAN
MONUMENT AREA
VISITORS COACH
and CAR PARK
CHILLA KHANA
MAUSOLEUM ruins B11
MOSQUE ruins B8
NINE-DOMED MOSQUE B7
-----
1
,iSôv
^Ã^ESS.ç-^ã
fe**- '.' i- « ^
•:ri>f^
v
; « ^¿ '• •' *^í-. 'í*1- *"' • »• ' i . V . -•' •••» - * i-
, l i»„".*^** < "*' '
'*"'. *fi *
• f
• r'^,^
Bagerhat - A brick wall after refacing and the insertion of a polythene barrier
101.
t.i
.•'.V>í.<«:r>;r¡:'<!.í:' 'i.V.** -
The Khan Jahan Mosque as well as Pir Ali's tomb (Site No.B.6)
both located close to Khan Jahan's Mausoleum which is
already protected.
3C
i i
i i
i i
i i
I i
i ! later tombs
i
£0 ŒT
^-Protection Zone
«pxratj
MAUSOLEUM
(ruined)
3 £
t a n k
0 10 feet 20 30
1
1.0
'J
Bara Ajina Mosque: The site locally known as the Bara Ajina
Mosque, is a mound strewn with brickbats in the same w a y as most of
the other sites. However, in this case a number of stone pillars are
also in evidence. As the columns are very similar to those of the Shait
Gumbad Mosque, it is likely that the mound covers the remains of a
mosque dating from Khan Jahan's time.
>*»J:;;^^~*.''»^'^«^-V^^Í^IW'^
,..«. -—•-.
Apart from the fact that the former entrance to the building on the
north should be opened up again, the turrets of the outer enclosure wall
as well as the turrets and baluster-jalis of the inner compound wall
should also be restored where necessary. In the unpublished manuscript
quoted above the outer enclosure wall is described as "loop-holed" -
which implies that in former days it probably also had jalis - similar
to those of the inner compound wall. This should be investigated.
1
IR/W *
^m^^'lS^lSMÉMi
4>*a<-i¡ *&#,.,
ÏÏstetoJ
,/"', „-!<*3ÍV.. *i
•wy*1
(iv) Shait Gumbad Group - Visitor Amenity Area: (See Fig. 19)
shows recommendations for the development of the Shait Gumbad site. It
is recommended that vehicular traffic enters the car/coach park from
the short link road between the old road to Bagerhat and the new
highway.- This park, initially of 1 or 2 acres, could be expanded
westwards, according to need, (retaining as many trees as possible) and
the westward continuation of this site along the south bank of Ghora
Dighi would form a picnic area.
O -o
i
¿
MOSQUE MAUSOLEUM • .earlier
I I gateway ?
H
J-._A-
G ixrc
Second Enclosure wall-
R
First Enclosure wall
G Dit D:
present'^"" Entrance
OH _ j
BACERHAT-
KHAN JAHAN'S MAUSOLEUM COMPLEX fig. 18
117.
CONSERVATION
:UNIT
MUSEUM
EXISTINC
¡REST
HOUSE
T-COACHES
r-PICNIC
AREA
For the visitors, two Amenity Areas are proposed - the main area
122.
1
Paharpur Bagerhat
Project Unit Project Unit
The estimated total base cost of the project i.e. without allowances
for price inflation - is Taka 82.2 million (US$ 4 . 1 million). The
estimated total cost of the project including allowances for price
inflation is Taka 112.3 million (US$ 5.6 million).
(Taka '000's
Total 112,340
Source: Annex 25
125.
I
Year Taka 'OOO's
1982 prices current prices
Source: Annex 25
ANNEX 1.
Itinerary
3rd March - 15th March Team visits Paharpur, with side trips
to Mahasthan, Rajshahi, Puthia and
Tagore's residence in Shahzadpur.
ANNEX 2
Mr. Amirul Islam Kalam State Minister for Sport and Culture
ti
30. Khullanar D h a p
H
31. Lahanar Dhap
32. Madarir Darga Chingaspur
•ï
33. Padmarbari
II
34. Bismardan
•35. Narapatir Dhap Vasu Bihar
II
36. Sanyas D h a p
37. Totaram Panditir Dhap Bihar
38. Mangolkot Chingaspur
39. Shalibahan Rajbadi (Mound) Arola, P . S . Kahalu
40. Godaibari D h a p Mathura, P . O . G a k u l , P . S .
Bogra
41. Mathartala Nishan Ghati D h a p Panaratika
42. Dolmancha Dhap Daulatpur, P . S . Sibganj
I
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it
4. Samaghi Saudha II
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135.
ANNEX 5
(Taka in Lakh)
1 1
First F ive-Year Plan Two-Year Pia n
1973/74 - 1977/76 ii 1978/79 - 1979/80
Name of Project
(a) Conservation
(c) Other
Archaeological Laboratory 1.40 3.01 3.04 7.45 1.84 2.31 4.15 11.60
Comprehensive Survey of
Monuments 2.87 1.42 4.29 1.13 1.90 3.03 7.32
Total (1) (a+b+c) 8.25 14.45 13.50 36.20 15.71 19.08 34.79 70.99
2. Preservation of Historical
Monuments of Dacca City
(Approved Cost: Taka ¿9.87 Lakh) 48.92 48.92 48.92
Grand Total (1+2) 8.25 14.45 13.50 36.20 15.71 68.00 83.71 119.91
Note: 1. The Department of Archaeology and Museums did not have any development projects in 1973/74 and
1974/75
136. ANNEX 6
(Taka in Lakh)
Budget
1980/81 Total
1981/82
(a) Conservation
(c) Other
.50
,00
"2~
^ ^r-l co en r-
sa
CM CM
•-* CO
in
PO CM v - vi
o o
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00
CM S«-H CM
8 sss 8
CO CM *1
en o vo_ CM
980
,10,
.76
,00
.78
.58
ow£ VO*
f-H
CM 00 yo en CM •-H en
CO
,820
,660
,690
,000
,570
,604
o
980
09/
CM
en r-. vT en 00 CM 00 VO VO
t'- CO 00 CO
CM CO in t-, o VO
en
—
t 1 CM rv. VO CM . 1 r~
m CM
CO
CM
f-
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z "•s.
w »-H
.690
.980
O
-198
RTM
,970
en
000
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r» co en i-i °i
VO
<: t-^ 00 co O CM r-Tco£> «
r~ O CM 00 <-> c o ^ t- r^
a. en 8
976/
i-t CM -I
(vT yo CM o
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,056
vj Oco
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r- O W
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00 r-.vo
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RRENT EXPEND
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o Q
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138.
ANNEX 8
ANNEX 9
Rajshahi District
Bogra District
ANNEX 11
The major climatic parameters for the area are listed in Table 1
below. The table gives the maximum and minimum temperatures, the
mean relative humidity, as well as evaporation and rainfall. Except
for the mean monthly rainfall distribution, the climatic parameters were
based on records of the Bogra hydrometeorological station, the closest to
Paharpur. Rainfall records were taken from the Bangladesh Water
Development Board Station, R-152 located in Badalgacchi, Rajshahi about
7 miles south-west of the monument.
Q = CIA
The monument can be grouped into two types of drainage area; the
area covered by the central shrine and the courtyard area. The central
shrine mostly consists of relatively impervious material and has a steep
slope. Thus, a run-off coefficient of 0.80 was assumed. A runoff
coefficient of 0.40 was taken for the courtyard area which will
eventually be graded to facilitate surface drainage.
The peak rates of run-off for both areas are estimated as follows : -
(b) Courtyard
n (0.40)(7.75)(760,000)
Q =
2 (24) (43560)
ANNEX 12
ANNEX 13
Due to the short period of record, the cyclic response and more
importantly, the maximum grQund water elevations of the piezometers are
not known. However, it is believed that a state of equilibrium will
eventually exist between the two formations and the piezometric levels
will equal or be in proximity to those of the ring well.
Q KA dh
8 dl
where Q • = ground water flow in cubic feet per second
K^ = coefficient of permeability in feet per second
A = area in square feet
dh = difference in pressure heads
dl = length of flow path
Available data shows that the highest water level in the ring well
occured in September 1981 at an elevation of about 64 feet M S L . Rainfall
1K6.
for that year was nearly normal at 65.53 inches. However, water levels
observed in the Bangladesh Water Development Board observation well
RAJ-60 showed that the highest water level since 1966 occured in October
1969. Rainfall for that particular year was 102.14 inches or 1.5 times
greater than the normal annual rainfall. Correlation studies indicate
that maximum water level for the ring well would have occured at an
elevation of 67 feet M S L . It should be noted that this level is higher
than the elevation of the parapet of the ring well. However, this value
was used for the purpose of estimating the maximum head differential of
16 feet. The length of flow path is assumed as equal to the average
thickness of Unit A . Using the above equation, the maximum rate of
ground water flow is estimated to be 0.0034 cubic feet per second.
Hence, ground water contribution is minimal when compared to surface
runoff.
147.
A n n e x 13 (cont)
Table 1
Monthly rainfall in inches
Ground water level in feét above M S I
Annex 13 - Ground water level hydrographs and rainfall distribution
148.
ANNEX U
i A R °- 6 7 S°- 5 0
Qx = n
The design discharge used for the drain has been assumed as
equal to half of the total inflow of surface and ground water a n d
estimated to be 1.39 •• cubic feet per second. Assuming a roughness
coefficient of 0.017 and a slope of hydraulic gradient of 0.001, the
required depth of flow for a two feet wide drain is 0 . 5 0 feet.
The cross-section of the pond along with the design elevations are
shown in Fig. 1 0 . Since the depth of the pond extends, into the
water-bearing sandy silt deposits the flooring and walls should be m a d e
water-tight to prevent seepage of ground water. A sump should also be
constructed at the northeast corner where the p u m p intake will be
placed. Channels at the same level with the ground surface should be
provided to permit inflow of runoff.
149.
ANNEX 15
1. Assumptions
2. Limiting Factors:
3. Notional Preferences:
exhibition/Monument/picnic
exhibition/picnic/Monument
Monument/exhibition/picnic
Monument/picnic/exhibition
picnic/exhibition/Monument
picnic/Monument/exhibition
4. Time Scale:
it has been assumed that the minimum time needed for the 3
activities will be:
Coach/Car Park:
If all arrived by car, there would be, say, 500 cars needing 3
acres of land.
Refreshment Facilities:
Toilet Accommodation:
* Assume:
for every 100 visitors
75% visit exhibition Total attendance 7 hour day
25% join other activities including peak load: 4,200
155.
ANNEX 16
During initial investigations it was the mortar mix that seemed the
most likely cause for heavy and unlikely deposits of calcium sulphate.
The presence of limestone in Bangladesh is almost non-existent and what
there is, on the north eastern border is very difficult to mine. There
are apparently no isolated outcrops of true limestone in the country, as
one would expect, to produce these local supplies of building lime. It
was finally deduced that this local supply of lime was not lime at all
but something very similar made from a geological deposit known as
'Evaporite'. Large areas of Bangladesh were, at one time, flooded by
the sea, which, when it withdrew, left large pockets of trapped sea
water. The water evaporated and left these deposits of 'Evaporite*
which consist mostly of Calcium Sulphate. Its outward appearance is
that of lime, but its geological constructions are totally different having
a high concentration of calcium sulphate which is very harmful to
buildings that are exposed to rainfall or moisture. Rainfall will
dissolve the salts, and in the same process as happens with rising
d a m p , the solution will be drawn in the surface of the brickwork where
the water will evaporate causing the salts to crystalise on the surface.
156.
ANNEX 17
Taka 'OOO's
Job Volume
Code Site and Name of Monument of Work,, /
No. in Months-' Labour and . Speoial, Specialistj, / Total
Materials— Fittings^' Sub-Contracts—
Paharpur
PI Central Shrine and Enclosure Wall 219 i 9,110.4 30.0 9,140.4
P2 Monastic Cells 60 2,496.0 5.0 2,501.0
P3 Other Structures within Courtyard 30 1,248.0 5.0 1,253-0
P4 Structures Outside the Walls 30 1,248.0 5.0 I.253.O
Bagerhat
Bl Shalt Gumbad Mosque 33 1.372.8 72.0 1,444.8
B2 Singar Mosque 9 374.4 25.5 \ *' / 399-9
B3 Blbl Begnl's Mosque 6 249.6 34.5 \ 'J " / 284.1
B4 Chunakola Mosque 6 249.6 12.0 261.6
B5 Khan Jahan Residence Croup
(ruins )£/
B6 Khan Jahan Mausoleum Complex 12 499-2 25.5 524.7
B7 9 - Domed Mosque 9 374.4 49-5 423-9
B8 Reza Khoda Mosque 6 249.6 28.5 278.I
B9 Zlnda Plr Group 12 499.2 I3.5 512.7
BIO Ranvijoypur Mosque 15 624.0 49-5 673-5
Bll Bara Ajina Mosque and Chilla Khana
Mazaar (ruins)6/
B12 Sabek Danga 12 499.2 6.0 505.2
Notes: 1/ All the monuments have been grouped into "Jobs", that is to say, individual structures or groups of structures
which for reasons of location and features are conveniently treated and/or restored by a single "conservation
team". The latter is a standardized task force of 23 craftsmen and labourers:
Conservation Supervisor 50 1
Senior Mason/Brick Craftsman 45 2
Mason/Brick Craftsman 40 8
Carpenter 40 1
Labourers (mixers, carriers, 12
etc.) 25
On the basis of a 6-day week and 13 weeks per quarter (3 months), the quarterly wage W.11 for this team would
be Tk. 62,400.
For each Job an estimate has been made as to how long it would take one such team to complete
the necessary conservation work, except that in the case of the Central Shrine and Enclosure at Paharpur it
is estimated that four teams would be needed continuously for a period of 4-5 years.
2 / It is estimated that the ratio of Labour to materials (including transport) costs for the ordinary conservation
—
work on most of the monuments is around 50:50. This is a higher proportion for labour than is the case for
standard construction of new civil buildings: for example, the index of building construction costs of the
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (Monthly Statistical Bulletin of Bangladesh, Vol. X, No. 12, December I98I,
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning! Table 6.6)hasa weighting of 28.78
per cent for labour costs, 68.10 per cent for materials and 3-12 per cent for transport charges. The higher
weighting for labour costs in the present project is necessitated by the nature of the conservation work, which
Includes careful removal and/or demolition of elements of existing structures.
Estimated labour and materials costs fer each Job, therefore, are equal to twice the quarterly
labour costs times the estimated quarterly duration of work for the Job.
2/ Besides the ordinary building materials (bricks, cement, etc.) which are included in footnote 2/above, allowance
needs to be made for special fittings, notably Jails (iron work) for the buildings at Bagerhat and P.V.C. sheets
for damp-proofing at both Bagerhat and Paharpur. The cost of a Jail to fit one of the openings in Shait Oumbad
Mosque is Tk. 1,500. This figure is adopted as ,a basis for estimating the costs of Jails at all the aonuments
at Bagerhat. For P.V.C. sheets, the present cost is around Tk. 30 per square yard. The numbers of Jalis and
square yards of P.V.C. sheeting needed at Paharpur and Bagerhat are as shown en page 2.
4/ As an alternative to using P.V.C. sheets for dany-proofing, there may be technical and cost-saving advantaget
~ in using injected resin instead. A triel experiment needs- to be carried out usine this alternative. Potential
applicability is mainly on the buildings at Bagerhat. Cost of the experiment (US$10,000) is allocated
arbitrarily in the ratio Bagerhat 75 per cent: Paharpur 25 per cent.
¿ / No significant structures to conserve. Bjt see Annex l8.
6/ Same as ¿ / above.
157.
ANNEX 17 (Cont'd.)
Square Yards of P . V . C .
Job No_. of Jail's
Floor Wallai/ Total
PI - - 1,000 1,000
B12 3 15 35 50
Total 48 2.715 6.935 9.650
Notes: 1/ Except where noted, the wall areas to be covered are counted as twice the
floor areas.
2/ New Jails were fitted In I98I.
¿/ Inside walls only. Outside walls already done.
_4/ Around the tomb only.
ANNEX 18 158.
ESTIMATED COSTS OF CUKTILftGE AND ARCHAEOUOCICAL WORK AT PAHARPUR AND BAGERHAT MONUMENTS
Paharpur
PI Central Shrine and Enclosure
Wall
P2 Monastic Cells
Other Structures within Court-
P3 yard
P4 Structures Outside the Walls
Fjagerhat
Bl Shalt Gumbad Mosque 30 525.2 3.0 25.0 553.2
B2 Singar Mosque 6 105.0 3.0 108.0
B3 Bibl Bagni's Mosque if 26.3 3.0 29.3
Chunakola Mosque If 3.0 29-3
B4 26.3
Khan Jahan Residence Group
18 315.1 3.0 125.0 443.1
B5 (ruins) 5 /
B6 Khan Jahan Mausoleum Complex 3 52.5 3.0 105-5
B7 9 - Domed Mosque 6 105.0 3.0 50.0 108.0
B8 Reza Khoda Mosque 26.3 3.0 66.8
B9 Zlnda Pir Group
if 26.3 3-0 37.5 129.3
BIO Ranvljoypur Mosque if 26.3 3.0 100.0 29>3
*^ 118.0
Bll Bara Ajina Mosque and Chilla li 105.0 3.0
B12 Khana Mazaar (ruins)6/ 6 10.0
26.3 3.0 39.3
Sabek Danga7/ ~
li 10.0
Sub-Total 78 1.365.6 36.0 - 357.5 1.71,9.1
Total 348 5.380.5 242.0 - 357.5 5.980.0
Notes: 1/ The same methodology as in Annex 17is adopted in order to estimate the duration of work, except that the
make.-up of the curtilage/archaeology teams is different from that of the conservation teams.
At Paharpur, as is indicated in the text of the report, the main objective of the curtilage
work is to remove the spoil from earlier excavations which has been dumped Just outside the monastery
walls. The volume of spoil to be removed is estimated at around 20,000 cubic yards. Within the monastery
walls (i.e. in the courtyard itself), the objective is to excavate down to the last occupation level. The
spoil from this excavation is estimated at around 40,000 cubic yards. This spoil will have to be taken
outside the monastery walls and removed along with the other 20,000 cubic yards already there.
For the purposes of calculating the volume of work required in order to remove the total 60,000
cubic yards of spoil, it is assumed that the entire exercise should be completed within the life of the
project (i.e. five years).
For the 20,000 cubic yards of spoil which is already outside the monastery walls, teams of
labourers will be needed to load the soil on the lorries. It is estimated that a team of 12 labourers
under a supervisor can fill three lorry-loads of 3 cubic yards (i.e. 9 cubic yards total) per day.
Assuming that loading can be carried out during three quarters each year, there will be a need, therefore,
for the equivalent of two teams full-time (nine months per year) for five years (90 team-months).
For the 40,000 cubic yards of spoil which has to be excavated and removed from the courtyard,
larger teams will be needed because of the distances involved in carrying the spoil to the lorries which
cannot enter the courtyard. Assuming that each team consists of 24 labourers and a supervisor under the
overall control of a Department of Archaeology Field Officer, and again that each team fills three lorry-
loads per day and that excavatton/loading can be carried out during three quarters each year, then there
will be a need for the equivalent of four teams full-time (nine months per year) for five years (I80 team-
months). It is also assumed that these teams will undertake curtilage/archaeology work at certain nearby
area such as that around the pond and that Just outside the northern entrance.
There will be a need for two lorries (one for each team) continuously for five years to remove
the 20,000 cubic yards of spoil outside the monastery walls and four lorries (one for each team) for the
spoil excavated from the courtyard.
AtBagernat, there is not the same problem of spoil removal. On the other hand, an important
element of the curtilage work will be to erect boundary walls around the various monuments and ruins.
The make-up of the Bagerhat curtilage/archaeology teams, therefore, should include bricklayers. Estimates
of the volume of work required at each site are based on a curtilage/archaeology team of one senicr masen,
four bricklayers and twelve labourers.
159.
ANNEX 18 (Cont'd.)
2/ The wage rates of the spoil removal team at Paharpur working outide the monastery walls are estimated
as follows:
Supervisor 40 1
Labourers 25 12
On the basis of a 6-day week and 13 weeks per quarter (3 months) the quarterly wage bill for this team
would be Tk. 26,520.
The wage rates of the curtilage/archaeology team at Paharpur working in the courtyard
are estimated as follows:
Supervisor 45 1
Labourers 25 24
The quarterly wage bill for this team would be Tk. 50,310. It is estimated that the ratio of labour
to materials costs (excluding purchase and operation of lorries) for the Bpoil removal and curtilage/
archaeology teams at Paharpur is around 95î5> The materials costs essentially are for occasional
replacement of hand tools, purchase of marking string, and other small items.
The wage rates of the curtilage/archaeology team at Bagerhat are estimated as follows:
Senior Kason 45 1
Mason/Bri ck 4
Craftsman
40
Labourers 25 12
The quarterly wage bill for this team would be Tk. 39»390. It is estimated that the ratio of labour
to materials costs (excluding purchase and operation of lorries) for the Bagerhat curtilage/archaeology
teams at Bagerhat is around 75:25. The main item in the materials costs is bricks, cement, etc. for
boundary walls.
3_/ It will be necessary to have iron gates made for the entrances to the monuments: Tk. 6,000 at Paharpur
and Tk. 3,000 at each of the Bagerhat monuments. In addition, provision should be made for pipes and
pumping equipment needed for the drainage system at Paharpur: four pumps and associated equipment
(pipes, etc.) x Tk. 50,000 each.
4/ For certain monuments at Bagerhat the present curtilage area is insufficient, and it will be necessary
"" to acquire additional land to provide basic protection for these monuments. At both Paharpur and Bagerhat
the present cost of land is around Tk. 50,000 per acre.
7/ This monument is not yet on the Department of Archaeology's List of Protected Monuments.
160.
ANNEX 19
1. Museum
Display Area 1,800 1 1 l,Soo l,8oo
Reserve Store 300 1 1 300 300
Ticket/Postcard Counter 100 1 2 100 200
Custodian's Office 200 1 2 200 400
Assistant Custodian's Office 120 1 1 120 120
Accountant's Office 120 1 1 120 120
Administration - General Office 250 1 1 250 250
Cloakroom for Museum 300 1 1 300 300
Attendents and Booking Clerks
ToiletsAJashrooms 150 1 2 150 300
Sub-Total 3,240 •3,790
2. Conservation Unit
Asst. Archaeological Engineer's
200 1 1 200 200
Office
Conservation Assistant's Office 120 1 1 120 120
Workshop/Store 750 1 1 750 750
ToiletAíashroom 75 1 1 ' 75 75
Sub-Total 1,145 1,145
Notes; 1/ The existing rest house at Bagerhat is located right up against Shait Gumbad
~" Mosque and has to be demolished.
2/ Areas shown are FWD standards. Rental accommodation is available in Bagerhat
"~ town, which is only 2-3 miles from Shait Gumbad Mosque. The nearest town to
Paharpur is Jaypurhat which is 7-8 miles away; it is therefore necessary to
provide more staff housing at Paharpur than at Bagerhat.
161.
ANNEX 20
Paharpur Bagerhat
A . Civil Buildings
(i) Site Museums and Offices
1. Net Area^ 3,340 3,790
2. Circulation & Walls 30£ cf I 1,002 1,137
3- Gross Area (1+2) 4,342 4,927
4. Construction Costs at Tk 200 S68.4 985.4
per sq. foot gross area
5. Fees 1C£ of 4 85.8 95.5
6. Site Preparation 15£ 'of 4 133.3 147.6
7. Sub-Total (4+5+6) 1,085.5 1,231.7
8. Contingencies (Physical) 5f- of 7 5^.3 61.6
9. Total Building Costs (7+6) 1,139.8 1,293.3
10. Furniture & Equipment JOZ of 9 341.9 388.O
11. Total Costs (9+10) l,4b'1.7 l,o81.3
(ii) Staff Housing
1. Net A r e a ^ 9,066 2,108
2. Circulation & Walls 3C# of 1 2,720 632
3. Cross Area (1+2) 11,786 2,740
4. Construction Costs-at Tk. 200 2.357.2 54B.0
per sq. foot gross area
5 . Fees SÈ of 4 ^ 117.9 27.4
6 . Site Preparation lg? of 4 353.6 32.2
7. Sub-Total (4+5+6) 2,823.7 657.6
8 . Contingencies (Physical) 5£ of 7 141.4 32.9
9 . Total Building Costs (7+8) 2,970.1 690.5
10. Furniture and Eouipment lg? of 9 445.5 103.6
11. Total Costs (9+10) 3.415.6 794.1
4/ 2,000
23,650
B . Acquisition of Land-
5/ 100 100
C . Site Roads^ 350 350
D . Utilities^
Total (A+B+C+D) 28,997 4,925.4
ANNEX 21 (Cont'd.)
Sub-Total 37 18,805
ANNEX 21 (Cont'd.)
Taka
Category
Coordinating Project Unit Project Unit
Total
Unit Dacca Paharpur Bagerhat
Allowances
4. Medical-^ 2,280 2,220 2,100 6,600
4/
8,626 4,701 4,219 17,546
5. House-rent—
5/ 200 200
6. Conveyance-
7. Sub-Total (4+5+6) • 11,106 6,921 6,319 24,346
307.250
3rand Total
1. Training^
Conservation of Historic Buildings (inter-
18 2 35,800
national fellowship)
2. Publications
Guidebooks, Brochures, Posters • • • •• • 50,000
3. Expert Services
International 24 157,350
National 60 72,000
4. Consultancy Services—'
Miscellaneous Fields (2 man-months per annum 10 70,000
•• »
for the life of the proJect-5 years)
Total 545,850
Baçerhat
rt n
Same as Paharpur above
Total 61 30,505
ANNEX 24 (Contti.) 168.
Taka
Category
Dacca Paharpur Bagerhat Total
w
3,330 . 2,220 2,220 7,770
1. Pay of Officers^'
2/ 2,395 10,170 10,170 22,735
2. Pay of • Establishment-
3. Sub-Total (1+2) 5.725 12,390 ' 12,390 30,505
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172.
ANNEX 25 (Cont'd.)
Explanatory Notes
General
Total estimated costs are taken from the appropriate Annex for each activity (e.g. costs of Conservation Work from
Annex 17). For each activity, the costs are allocated to the calendar quarter or quarters when the activity is to
be implemented. All costs are in 1982 prices. Expenditures (lines 19 and 20) are in current prices.
Paharpur
1. Conservation Work Costs from Annex 17. Conservation Work on P2 and P3 to be carried out after
a certain amount of curtilage work has been completed.
2. Curtilage and Archaeological Work Costs from Annex 18. Work not undertaken during rainy season.
3. Civil Buildings and Site Development Costs from Annex 20. Allocations by quarter are as follows:
Acquisition of Land 1984 Ql 8,000, 1984 02' 8,000 1984 03 7,650
Staff Housing 1984 Q2 1,716 ' 1984 Q3 1,700
Utilities 1984 Q4 350
Si 19Bk
0ffices U m and Q4 A94
' 1985 ftl 49¡l 1985
^ *94
Site Roads I985 03 100
4. Project Implementation Unit Costs of personnel from Annex 21(Taka 25,726 per month). An additional
10 per cent is provided for office and administrative contingencies.
5. Equipment Costs from Annex 22. Exchange rate US$1 = Taka 20. Add 20$ for CIF Dacca.
Bagerhat
7. Conservation Work Costs from Annex 17.
8. Curtilage and Archaeological Work Costs from Annex 18.
9. Civil Buildings and Site Development Costs from Annex 20. Allocations by quarter are as follows:
Acquisition of Land 1934 Ql 1,000, 1984 02 1,000 •
Staff Housing 1984 Q2 397, 1984 03 397
Utilities 1984 04 350
19Bk S6
^Offices 1 ™ a n d ft4
561' 1985 W
°- 1985
^ 560
'
Site Roads I985 03 100
10. Project Implementation Unit Costs of personnel from Annex 2l(Taka 23,194 per month). An additional
10 per cent is provided for office and administrative contingencies.
11. Equipment Costs from Annex 22. Exchange rate US$1 - Taka 20. Add 205? for CIF Dacca.
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ANNEX 27
Bibliography
(a) General
(b) Paharpur
(c) Bagerhat
1917-18, p . 9 .
1921-22, p . 7 7 .
176.
- " - 1929-30, p . A 4 .
- " - 1930-34, p . 3 7 .
Sir Wolseley Haig ed. Cambridge History of India, Vol. Ill, Turks
1928 and Afghans, Cambridge, p . 604.