Instructions: Listen to your TA’s instructions.

There are substantially more problems on this worksheet than we expect

to be done in discussion, and your TA might not have you do problems in order. The worksheets are intentionally longer
than will be covered in discussion in order to give students additional practice problems they may use to study. Do not
worry if you do not finish the worksheet :).

1. Compute the following integrals using partial fractions. Remember that if the degree of the numerator is greater
or equal than the degree of the denominator you need to use polynomial division first!

(a) x21−4 dx.

R

We can factor the denominator to get x2 − 4 = (x + 2)(x − 2). We want to split the integrand into two fractions
of the form
1 A B
2
= + .
x −4 x−2 x+2
Multiplying through by x2 − 4 gives us

1 = A(x + 2) + B(x − 2).

Setting x = −2 gives us
1 = 4B.
Setting x = 2 gives us
1 = −4A.
Hence,
1 1 1 1 1
= (− ) · + ·
x2 − 4 4 x−2 4 x+2
So Z Z
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
dx = (− ) · + · = ln(x + 2) − ln(x − 2) + C.
x2 − 4 4 x−2 4 x+2 4 4

x
R
(b) 1+x dx

We can do polynomial division to get

Z Z
x 1
dx = 1− dx
1+x 1+x

= x − ln(1 + x) + C.

R4 s2 +s+1
(c) 0 (s+1)2 (s+2)
ds

We want to split the integrand into a sum of the form

s2 + s + 1 A B C
2
= 2
+ + .
(s + 1) (s + 2) (s + 1) s+1 s+2

Clearing the denominator, we get

s2 + s + 1 = A(s + 2) + B(s + 1)(s + 2) + C(s + 1)2 .

Setting s = −1, we get the equation

(−1)2 − 1 + 1 = A(−1 + 2)

1
 Which simplifies to A = 1. Setting s = −2 gives us the equation

(−2)2 − 2 + 1 = c(−2 + 1)2

Which simplifies to C = 3. If we plug the values A = 1 and C = 3 into our original equation, we get

s2 + s + 1 = (1)(s + 2) + B(s + 1)(s + 2) + 3(s + 1)2 .

Setting s = 0 gives us
02 + 0 + 1 = (1)(0 + 2) + B(0 + 1)(0 + 2) + 3(0 + 1)2
which we can solve to get b = −2.
Plugging everything back in, we get
Z 4 Z 4
s2 + s + 1 1 2 3
2
ds = 2
− +
0 (s + 1) (s + 2) 0 (s + 1) s+1 s+2
1
= [− − 2 ln |s + 1| + 3 ln |s + 2|]40
s+1
1 1
= − − 2 ln(5) + 3 ln(6) − (− − 2 ln(1) + 3 ln(2)
5 1
4
= + 3 ln(6) − 3 ln(2) − 2 ln(5).
5

t+1
R
(d) (1−t2 )(t+2) dt

We can factor the denominator as

(1 − t2 )(t + 2) = (1 − t)(1 + t)(2 + t).

Hence, we want to rewrite the integrand in the form

t+1 A B C
2
= + + .
(1 − t )(t + 2) 1−t 1+t 2+t

Clearing the denominator we get

(t + 1) = A(1 + t)(2 + t) + B(1 − t)(2 + t) + C(1 − t)(1 + t).

Plugging in t = 1, we get 2 = A ∗ (1 + 1) ∗ (2 + 1), so A = 13 . Plugging in t = −1, we get 0 = 2B, so B = 0.

Plugging in t = −2, we get −1 = C ∗ (3) ∗ (−1), so C = 13 . Hence,
Z Z
t+1 1 1 1 1
dt = − dt = (ln(t + 2)) − ln(t − 1).
(1 − t2 )(t + 2) 3(t + 2) 3(t − 1) 3 3

R2 4u2 −7u−12
(e) 1 u(u+2)(u−3)
du

We want to split the integrand into fractions of the form

4u2 − 7u − 12 A B C
= + + .
u(u + 2)(u − 3) u u+2 u−3

Clearing the denominator we get

4u2 − 7u − 12 = A(u + 2)(u − 3) + B(u)(u − 3) + C(u)(u + 2).

2
 When u = 0, we get
−12 = A(2)(−3)
So A = 2. When u = −2, we get
18 = B(−2)(−5)
So B = 9/5. When u = 3, we get
3 = C(3)(5)
So C = 1/5.
Hence,
2 2
4u2 − 7u − 12
Z Z
2 9 1
= + + du
1 u(u + 2)(u − 3) 1 u 5(u + 2) 5(u − 3)
9 1
= [2 ln(u) + ln(u + 2) + ln(u + 3)
5 5
9 1 9
= (2 ln(2) + ln(4)) − ( ln(2) + ln(3)).
5 5 5

2. Compute the following integrals. Note: for some of these integrals you may need to do a substitution first. For
others, partial fractions may not be the best method.
1
R
(a) u2 +6u+10 du

The denominator does not factor, so we can’t use partial fractions. Instead, we complete the square:

u2 + 6u + 10 = (u + 3)2 + 1.

Making the substitution s = u + 1, ds = du, we get

Z Z Z
1 1 1
2
du = 2
du = 2
ds = arctan(s) + C = arctan(u + 3) + C.
u + 6u + 10 (u + 3) + 1 s +1

dt
R
(b) 2+e2t dt

We set
u = 2 + e2t
So
u − 2 = e2t
And
du = 2e2t dt
1 1
dt = 2t du = du.
2e 2(u − 2)
Plugging in, we get Z Z Z
dt 1 1 1
dt = · du = du.
2 + e2t u 2(u − 2) u(u − 2)
Now we can do partial fractions, with
1 A B
= + .
2u(u − 2) u u−2
Clearing the denominator we get
1
= A(u − 2) + B(u).
2

3
 Setting u = 2 gives us B = 1/4, and setting u = 0 gives us A = −1/4. Hence,
Z Z
1 1 1
du = − du
2u(u − 2) 4(u − 2) 4u
1 1
=ln(u − 2) − ln(u) + C
4 4
1 1
= ln((2 + e2t ) − 2) − ln(2 + e2t ) + C.
4 4

x3
R
(c) x2 +2 dx

We can do polynomial division to get

x3
Z Z
2x
dx = x − dx
x2 + 2 2 + x2
Z Z
2x
= xdx − dx
2 + x2
x2
Z
2x
= − dx.
2 2 + x2
For the remaining integral, we let
u = 2 + x2
du = 2xdx
So
x2 x2 x2 x2
Z Z
2x
− 2
dx = − (1/u)du = − ln(u) + C = − ln(2 + x2 ) + C.
2 2+x 2 2 2

x
R
(d) x2 −1 dx

We can split the integrand as

x x A B
= = + .
x2 − 1 (x + 1)(x − 1) x−1 x+1

So
x = A(x + 1) + B(x − 1).
Setting x = 1 gives A = 1/2, and setting x = −1 gives B = 1/2. Hence
Z Z
x 1 1 1 1
= + dx = ln(x + 1) + ln(x − 1) + C.
x2 − 1 2(x + 1) 2(x − 1) 2 2

e−x
R
(e) ex +e−x dx

We set
u = e−x

4
 So
du = −e−x dx.
Hence
e−x
Z Z Z Z
1 1 u
dx = − du = − 1+u2
du = − du.
e + e−x
x (1/u) + u u
1 + u2
Now we substitute
s = 1 + u2
ds = 2udu
So Z Z
u 1 1
− du = − · ds
1 + u2 2 s
1 1 1
= − ln(s) + C = − ln(1 + u2 ) + C = − ln(1 + e−2x ) + C.
2 2 2

1√
R
(f) w2 +w w
dw

We substitute √
u= w
1
du = √ dw
2 w
√
dw = 2 wdu = 2udu.
Hence Z Z Z Z
1 2u u 1
√ dw = du = 2 du = 2 du
w2 + w w u4 + u3 u4 + u3 u3 + u2
Z
1
=2 2
du.
u (u + 1)
Now we can use partial fractions.
1 A B C
= + 2+
u2 (u + 1) u u u+1
1 = A(u)(u + 1) + B(u + 1) + C(u2 ).
Setting u = 0 gives us B = 1. Setting U = −1 gives us C = 1. Plugging in B = C = 1 gives us

1 = A(u)(u + 1) + u + 1 + u2

Setting u = 2 gives us
1 = A(2)(3) + 2 + 1 + 22
So A = −1. Hence, Z Z
1 1 1 1
2 du = 2 ( + − )du
u2 (u + 1) u2 u+1 u
2
=− + 2 ln(u + 1) − 2 ln(u) + C
u
2 √ √
= − √ + 2 ln( w + 1) − 2 ln( w) + C.
w