Grade- VIII

Computer Science
NOTES 2021-‘22

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1- NETWORKING CONCEPTS
1. What is a computer network?
A. A Computer network can be defined as a group of computers and other peripheral devices that are linked
together for the purpose of sharing data and hardware resources. Eg: If one of the computers in a network
has a printer attached to it, then all the computers in that network can access the printer and use it to print
the documents.

2. What is the role of transmission medium in a computer network?

A. Transmission medium is the physical path through which the message travels from the sender to the
receiver. The role of transmission medium is to transfer the messages from the sender to the receiver.

3. Write any two advantages of networking?

A. The two advantages of networking are:
1. Reduction in hardware costs: In a network, the hardware devices that are not used often like printers,
scanners etc can be shared. This reduces the total expenditure on hardware.
2. Redundancy: A network reduces the need for hard copies of all documents. Sharing the soft copy of a
file over the network eliminates or reduces the need to share hard copies of information.

4. What is a Coaxial cable? Differentiate between Broadband and Baseband Coaxial cable. A. A Coaxial
cable is used in the transmission of video, communication signals, and audio. It is mainly used by the cable
television industry to connect to TVs to a cable TV service. However, this cable can also be used in networks
and has high bandwidth and greater transmission capacity. It is relatively inexpensive and can transmit data
at higher rates.

The difference between Broadband and Baseband Coaxial cables are: Broadband cables transmits multiple
signals at the same time and is used for longer distances whereas Baseband cables supports quick
transmission of a single signal at a time. It is mainly used for LANs.

5. Differentiate between the Bluetooth and Infrared wireless technology.

A.
Bluetooth Infrared

1. It is a communication technology that 1. It is a short range communication technology

uses low power radio waves to connect. that covers approximately 5 mts of distance.

2. It allows users to talk & share 2. It is used to exchange information between

information like voice, music & videos. computers, cellular telephones & faxes by emitting
infrared waves through infrared LEDs.

3. This technology eliminates the use of 3. These waves or signals are focused into a
cables and adapters narrow beam through a plastic lens, which is
further converted into electronic signals by the
receiver.

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6. What is the utility of Domain Name? Explain with the help of an example.
A. Domain Name is the unique name given to each website or resource connected to the Internet. Domain
names are easier to remember than IP addresses. A Domain name consists of two parts. One is the name of
the domain and the other is the web extension. The name of the domain comes before the dot(.) symbol
and the extension comes after it.
Example: The domain name for Phoenix Greens website is WWW.phoenixgreens.com.
phoenixgreens is the name of the domain and com is the extension.

7. What is the role of a Gateway in Computer Networks?

A. A Gateway is a network point that acts as an entrance to another network using different protocols
thereby giving us freedom and convenience to enjoy online activities. It allows us to carry out various online
activities, such as sending e-mail, browsing through web pages.

8. Write short notes on each of the following:

(i) Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity. It creates a Wireless Local Area Network that uses radio waves
to send the information. A secure, reliable, and fast wireless connection is established between the
electronic devices and the Internet by using this technology. The devices require a wireless adapter
connected to them to capture the Wi-Fi signals.

(ii) Modem: A modem enables you to connect your computer to the available Internet connection over the
existing telephone lines. It converts the digital signals of a computer into analog signals to enable their
transmission via phone lines. At the destination, the receiving modem further converts the analog signal
into digital signals so that the data can be understood at the receiving end.

(iii) Cluster Area Network: It is also known as Campus Area Network(CAN). It is a network comprising a
series of small LANs over a small geographical area, such as school campus. This network covers an area
smaller than MAN.

9. Write two points of differences for each of the following:

(i) Hub and Switch: A Hub is a networking device used to connect multiple computers and computing
devices directly to the network by using cables whereas Switch contain many ports to connect different
network segments.

(ii) Router and Repeater: Router is a communication device used to connect two different networks
whereas Repeater is a communication device used to regenerate a signal. Router plays a vital role in
controlling the traffic and keeping the network efficient whereas Repeater receives electronic signals,
cleans them, and retransmits them.

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3- WORKING WITH MS ACCESS 2010

1. What is a Database? Give examples of a database.

A. A Database is an organised way of storing information. It helps us to manage and access large amount of
information quickly and efficiently. Student details, Employee details are some of the examples of a
database.
2. Explain any four features of Microsoft Access.
A. The four features of Microsoft Access are:
a) Data redundancy ( duplication of data) is reduced.
b) It increases the efficiency, speed and flexibility in searching and accessing information.
c) It provides data security and maintains integrity.
d) It facilitates sharing of data.
3. What are the types of databases? Explain each of them briefly.
A. There are mainly two types of databases.
a) Flat File Database: It refers to data files that contain records, which have a small, fixed number of fields,
without any structured relationship. Example: MS Excel
b) Relational Database: It stores data in several tables and link those tables together to get a common
piece of information. Example: MS Access, Oracle
4. What do you mean by Data types?
A. Data types are used to declare the fields of a table. A data type determines the type of data, a specific
field can accept. Once the data type is defined, we cannot enter a different type of data in it. If we try
to do so, an error message will be displayed.
5. Explain the use of Primary key in a table.
A. A Primary key is a check on the table that uniquely identifies each record in a table. It does not contain
any duplicate data. A table can have only one primary key. It is used to relate the table’s record to those in
another table. It is a toggle key.
6. State the difference between OLE and Hyperlink data types.
A. OLE stands for Object Linking and Embedding. This data type is used to embed an object created in
another application, such as MS Word document, Excel into the Access table. It stores upto 2 GB of data.

Hyperlink data type can store links to webpages, websites, files on an Intranet or LAN on your computer. It
stores upto to 1 GB of data.

7. Name the views in which a table can be displayed.

A. A table in MS Access can be viewed in two ways. Design view and Datasheet view.

Define the following terms:

(1) Tables: Tables are the building blocks of a database. They store the complete data in a structured
manner, i.e., in the form of rows and columns. Every table has a finite number of rows and columns. (2)
Data: A set of characters that represents a valid value is known as data.
(3) Reports: Reports are used to display the selected data in a printable format. Reports collect the
summarised data from one or more tables/queries and organise it in a printable form.

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4. WORKING WITH QUERIES

1. What is a Query?
A. A Query is a simple question that one asks to find specific information from the database. A Query is a
database object that helps us to retrieve and view information from one or more database tables that meet
a specific condition or criterion. The information retrieved on the basis of a specified criterion in the query
is stored in a separate table, called a Query table.

2. Explain the parts of a Query window.

A. The Query window has two panes: Top and Bottom. The top pane displays the table(s) selected for the
query. The bottom pane displays the Design Grid.

3. What do you under by Criteria?

A. Criteria are the condition on the basis of which the records will be filtered in the Query output.

4. How many types of Queries are there in MS Access?

A. MS Access provides various types of queries. They are: Select, Parameter, Crosstab, Action and SQL query.

5. Differentiate between Select and Parameter query.

A. A Select query retrieves data from one or more tables and displays the record set in a datasheet. You can
also use a Select query to group data, calculate sum, count average and other types of calculations.

A Parameter query is a type of Select query that prompts you for input before it runs. The query then uses
your input as the criterion that controls the results.

6. What is a form? Briefly explain its use.

A. A form is an Access object that allows the user to add and update data in one record at a time in a table.
Data can be easily inserted, updated and deleted from a table using a form. If you change a record in a form,
it will be reflected in a table also.

7. What is a Report? How will you print a Report?

A. A report is an effective way to organise and summarise data for viewing or printing. To print a report,
select the File tab and then click either on the Print-> Print Preview option or select the Print Preview
button on the Quick access toolbar. Then select the Page Orientation, Page setup and click on Print and
select OK.

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7. REVIEW PYTHON

1. Write any two features of Python that make it user friendly.

A. Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language which is a) Simple and interactive
b) Platform independent.

2. What is the difference between the interactive mode and the Script mode of Python?

A. In the Interactive mode of Python, the interpreter executes the statements one by one. After the first
statement is executed successfully, it moves to the next statement. It means that in the interactive mode,
the statements are executed line by line giving the output instantaneously, whereas, in Script mode Python
does not automatically display results. To write lengthy programs, we use the Script mode in which we can
create and edit the programs. The files created in the Script mode can be saved for later use.

3. What is the purpose of adding a comment in the program? What are the two ways used to add the
comments in Python?

A. Comments are the statements that are added to a program with the purpose of making the code easier
to understand. The two ways used to add the comments in Python are: Single line comments and Multi line
comments.

4. How is if statement different from if...else statement?

A. The if statement is used to evaluate only one condition. It performs a course of action if the condition
evaluates to true, otherwise it skips the statements.

The if...else statement is used when either of the two different actions are to be performed depending
upon the result of the conditional expression. It works with two blocks: if and else. In case the conditional
expression evaluates to true, the statements in the if block are executed, and if the result is false, then the
statements in the else block are executed.

5. Differentiate between the function of ‘+’ operator when used with integer and string values.

A. The ‘+’ operator when used with the numbers, add the values and gives the sum as output, whereas,
when the ‘+’ operator is used with the string values, it concatenates two strings together.

Example: 10 + 20 gives the result 30

‘Hello’ + ‘World’ gives the result HelloWorld

6. What is the difference between the following statements?

a=10 and a==10.

A. In the statement a=10, the variable a is assigned value 10, however in the statement a==10, the value of
a is equated with 10. The ‘=’ (equal to) sign is the assignment operator in Python, whereas, ‘==’ sign is called
the equal to operator.