unit-4

UNIT-4
Inheritance
In C++, inheritance is a process in which one object acquires all the
properties and behaviors of its parent object automatically.
Advantage of C++ Inheritance

Code reusability: Now you can reuse the members of your parent
class. So, there is no need to define the member again. So less code
is required in the class.
Types Of Inheritance
C++ supports five types of inheritance:
o Single inheritance
o Multiple inheritance
o Hierarchical inheritance
o Multilevel inheritance
o Hybrid inheritance
Derived Classes
A Derived class is defined as the class derived from the base class.
The Syntax of Derived class:
class derived_class_name :visibility-mode base_class_name

{
// body of the derived class.
}
derived_class_name: It is the name of the derived class.
visibility mode: The visibility mode specifies whether the features of the base class are publicly
inherited or privately inherited. It can be public or private.
Single Inheritance
Single inheritance is defined as the inheritance in which a derived
class is inherited from the only one base class.
Where 'A' is the base class, and 'B' is the derived class.
Single Level Inheritance Example: Inheriting Fields

When one class inherits another class, it is known as single level
inheritance. Let's see the example of single level inheritance which
inherits the fields only.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Account {
public:
float salary = 60000;
};
class Programmer: public Account {
public:
float bonus = 5000;
};
int main(void) {
Programmer p1;
cout<<"Salary: "<<p1.salary<<endl;
cout<<"Bonus: "<<p1.bonus<<endl;
return 0;
}
Salary: 60000
Bonus: 5000
Single Level Inheritance Example: Inheriting Methods
#include <iostream>
class Animal {
public:
void eat() {
cout<<"Eating..."<<endl;
}
};
class Dog: public Animal
{
public:
void bark(){
cout<<"Barking...";
}
};
int main(void) {
Dog d1;
d1.eat();
d1.bark();
return 0;
}
Eating...
Barking...
Multilevel Inheritance
Multilevel inheritance is a process of deriving a class from another
derived class.
Multi Level Inheritance Example

When one class inherits another class which is further inherited by
another class, it is known as multi level inheritance in C++.
Inheritance is transitive so the last derived class acquires all the
members of all its base classes.
#include <iostream>
class Animal {
public:
void eat() {
cout<<"Eating..."<<endl;
}
};
class Dog: public Animal
{
public:
void bark(){
cout<<"Barking..."<<endl;
}
};
class BabyDog: public Dog
{
public:
void weep() {
cout<<"Weeping...";
}
};
int main(void) {
BabyDog d1;
d1.eat();
d1.bark();
d1.weep();
return 0;
}
Eating...
Barking...
Weeping...
Multiple Inheritance
Multiple inheritance is the process of deriving a new class that
inherits the attributes from two or more classes.
Syntax of the Derived class:

class D : visibility B-1, visibility B-2, ?
{
// Body of the class;
}
#include <iostream>
class A
{
protected:
int a;
public:
void get_a(int n)
{
a = n;
}
};
class B
{
protected:
int b;
public:
void get_b(int n)
{
b = n;
}
};
class C : public A,public B
{
public:
void display()
{
std::cout << "The value of a is : " <<a<< std::endl;
std::cout << "The value of b is : " <<b<< std::endl;
cout<<"Addition of a and b is : "<<a+b;
}
};
int main()
{
C c;
c.get_a(10);
c.get_b(20);
c.display();
return 0;
}
The value of a is : 10
The value of b is : 20
Addition of a and b is : 30
Hybrid Inheritance
Hybrid inheritance is a combination of more than one type of
inheritance.
#include <iostream>
class A
{
public:
int a;
public:
void get_a()
{
cout << "Enter the value of 'a' : " << endl;
cin>>a;
}
};
class B : public A
{
public:
int b;
public:
void get_b()
{
cout << "Enter the value of 'b' : " << endl;
cin>>b;
}
};
class C
{
public:
int c;
public:
void get_c()
{
cout << "Enter the value of c is : " << endl;
cin>>c;
}
};
class D : public B, public C

{
public:
int d;
public:
void mul()
{
get_a();
get_b();
get_c();
cout << "Multiplication of a,b,c is : " <<a*b*c<< endl;
}
};
int main()
{
D d;
d.mul();
return 0;
}
Enter the value of 'a' :
10
Enter the value of 'b' :
20
Enter the value of c is :
30
Multiplication of a,b,c is : 6000
Hierarchical Inheritance
Hierarchical inheritance is defined as the process of deriving more
than one class from a base class.
Syntax of Hierarchical inheritance:
class A
{
// body of the class A.
}
class B : public A
{
// body of class B.
}
class C : public A
{
// body of class C.
}
class D : public A
{
// body of class D.
}
#include <iostream>
class Shape // Declaration of base class.
{
public:
int a;
int b;
void get_data(int n,int m)
{
a= n;
b = m;
}
};
class Rectangle : public Shape // inheriting Shape class
{
public:
int rect_area()
{
int result = a*b;
return result;
}
};
class Triangle : public Shape // inheriting Shape class
{
public:
int triangle_area()
{
float result = 0.5*a*b;
return result;
}
};
int main()
{
Rectangle r;
Triangle t;
int length,breadth,base,height;
cout << "Enter the length and breadth of a rectangle: " << endl;
cin>>length>>breadth;
r.get_data(length,breadth);
int m = r.rect_area();
cout << "Area of the rectangle is : " <<m<< endl;
cout << "Enter the base and height of the triangle: " << endl;
cin>>base>>height;
t.get_data(base,height);
float n = t.triangle_area();
cout <<"Area of the triangle is : " << n<<endl;
return 0;
}
Enter the length and breadth of a rectangle:
23
20
Area of the rectangle is : 460
Enter the base and height of the triangle:
2
5
Area of the triangle is : 5

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UNIT-4

Advantage of C++ Inheritance

The Syntax of Derived class:

class derived_class_name :visibility-mode base_class_name

derived_class_name: It is the name of the derived class.

Single Level Inheritance Example: Inheriting Fields

Single Level Inheritance Example: Inheriting Methods

Multi Level Inheritance Example

Syntax of the Derived class:

class D : public B, public C

Syntax of Hierarchical inheritance:

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