Geographical Features of India

Mountains, Peaks, and Plateaus

1. Himalayas - The tallest mountain range in the world; home to Mount Everest.

2. Karakoram - Famous for K2, the second-highest peak in the world.

3. Aravali - One of the oldest mountain ranges in the world; stretches across Rajasthan.

4. Vindhyas - Acts as a natural divide between North and South India.

5. Satpura - Known for its rich biodiversity and Satpura National Park.

6. Western Ghats - A UNESCO World Heritage site, known for biodiversity and hill stations like
Munnar.

7. Eastern Ghats - Lower in height compared to the Western Ghats; known for Odisha's scenic
beauty.

8. Nilgiris - Famous for tea plantations and the hill station Ooty.

9. Garo, Khasi, Jaintia Hills - Located in Meghalaya, known for heavy rainfall and living root
bridges.

10.Mount Godwin-Austen (K2) - The highest peak in the Karakoram Range.

11.Mount Kanchenjunga - The third-highest peak in the world, located in Sikkim.

12.Deccan Plateau - Covers most of South India; known for black soil and cotton cultivation.

13.Chota Nagpur Plateau - Rich in minerals like coal, iron, and mica.

Plains

1. Gangetic Plains - Fertile alluvial plains; known as India's breadbasket.

2. Coastal Plains:

- Konkan Coast - Known for picturesque beaches and seafood.

- Kanara Coast - Rich in biodiversity and waterfalls.

- Malabar Coast - Famous for spices and backwaters in Kerala.

- Coromandel Coast - Known for beaches like Marina Beach in Chennai.

- Northern Circars - Located along the eastern coast, known for scenic beauty and ports.

Desert

1. Thar (The Great Indian Desert) - Famous for sand dunes, camel safaris, and desert festivals.

Rivers

1. Indus - One of the oldest river systems; originates in Tibet.

2. Ravi - Associated with Punjab's five rivers.

3. Beas - Known for the lush Kullu Valley.

4. Chenab - Important for irrigation in Punjab.

5. Jhelum - Flows through the Kashmir Valley.

6. Satluj - Important for Bhakra Nangal Dam.

7. Ganga - Sacred river of India; major water source.

8. Yamuna - Flows through Delhi; a tributary of the Ganga.

9. Ghaghra, Gomti, Gandak, Kosi - Tributaries of the Ganga; important for agriculture.

10.Chambal, Betwa - Known for ravines and dacoit history.

11.Son - Tributary of the Ganga.

12.Damodar - Known as the "Sorrow of Bengal" due to floods.

13.Brahmaputra - Flows through Assam; forms the world's largest riverine island (Majuli).

14.Narmada, Tapti - Flow westward into the Arabian Sea.

15.Mahanadi - Known for the Hirakud Dam.

16.Godavari - Longest river in peninsular India; sacred in Hinduism.

17.Krishna - Major river for irrigation in southern India.

18.Cauveri - Lifeline of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu; known for the Cauveri Delta.

19.Tungabhadra - Tributary of Krishna; important for irrigation.

Water Bodies

1. Gulf of Kutch - Known for marine biodiversity and coral reefs.

2. Gulf of Khambhat - Tidal energy potential and diamond trade.

3. Gulf of Mannar - Rich in marine biodiversity; a biosphere reserve.

4. Palk Strait - Separates India and Sri Lanka.

5. Andaman Sea - Known for pristine beaches and coral reefs.

6. Chilka Lake - Asia's largest brackish water lagoon.

7. Wular Lake - Largest freshwater lake in India.

Passes

1. Karakoram Pass - Ancient trade route on the Silk Road.

2. Nathu La Pass - Links Sikkim to Tibet; a strategic border post.

Latitude and Longitudes

1. Tropic of Cancer - Passes through eight Indian states.

2. Standard Meridian (82° 30'E) - Basis for Indian Standard Time (IST).
 Geographical Features of India

Direction of Winds

1. Southwest Monsoons - Brings most of India's rainfall.

2. Northeast Monsoons - Affects Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.

3. Western Disturbances - Causes winter rainfall in North India.

Distribution of Minerals

1. Oil:

- Mumbai High - Offshore oil field near Mumbai.

- Digboi - India's oldest oil field, located in Assam.

2. Iron - Found in Singhbhum, Jharkhand.

3. Coal - Jharia, Jharkhand, known for coal mining.

Soil Distribution

1. Alluvial Soil - Found in the Gangetic plains; suitable for agriculture.

2. Laterite Soil - Found in high rainfall areas; used for bricks.

3. Black Soil - Known for cotton cultivation.

4. Red Soil - Found in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka; rich in iron.

Cities
 Geographical Features of India

1. Delhi - Capital city; political hub.

2. Mumbai - Commercial capital of India; Bollywood hub.

3. Kolkata - Known as the cultural capital of India.

4. Chennai - Hub of automobile and IT industries.

5. Hyderabad - Known for IT and biryani.

6. Bengaluru - India's Silicon Valley; tech hub.

7. Kochi - Queen of the Arabian Sea; famous for its port.

8. Chandigarh - A planned city; joint capital of Punjab and Haryana.

9. Srinagar - Known for Dal Lake and houseboats.

10.Vishakhapatnam - Major port city; known for its beaches.

11.Allahabad (Prayagraj) - Known for the Kumbh Mela.

Population

1. Dense - Found in cities like Mumbai, Delhi, and Kolkata due to economic opportunities.

2. Sparse - Found in regions like Ladakh and Thar Desert due to harsh climatic conditions.

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Young fold mountains in India -HIMALAYAS

Old fold mountains in India -ARAVALI

Plateau rich in minerals / Ruhr of India - CHOTA NAGPUR PLATEAU

Blue mountains - NILGIRIS

Coast that receives winter

Largest fresh water lake in India -WULAR

The river that flows in the rift valley - NARMADA

Ganga of the South - GODAVARI

Largest / Offshore oilfield in India MUMBAI HIGH

Oldest / Onshore oilfield in India - DIGBOI

Winds that bring rainfall to Coromandel coast - NE MONSOONS

Winds that bring rainfall to Punjab & Haryana in winter - WESTERN DISTURBANCES

Highest peak in India -MT. GODWIN AUSTIN

Highest peak of the Himalayas in India - KANCHENJUNGA

Pass connecting Ladakh with China - KARAKORAM PASS

Pass connecting Sikkim with China - NATHU LA PASS

Riverine port in India - KOLKATA

IT capital of India - BENGALURU

Financial capital of India -MUMBAI

Soil formed by weathering of Basaltic rocks - BLACK SOIL

Dense population north of Tropic of Cancer - GANGETIC PLAINS

Sparse population in North East India - ARUNANCHAL PRADESH

City on the bank of river Jhelum -SRINAGAR

Administrative capital of 2 India states - CHANDIGARH

Political capital of India - DELHI

Financial capital of India -MUMBAI

Port in South India that handles export of Tea & Coffee - KOCHI

City of Joy - KOLKATA

A city through which Indian Standard Meridian passes / City at the confluence of the Ganga & the
Yamuna - PRAYAGRAJ

Electronic capital of India -BENGALURU

River rising from Mansarovar in Tibet - INDUS

River rising from the Rakshastal Lake / The largest tributary of the Indus - SUTLEJ

The largest tributory of the Ganga - YAMUNA

Major right bank tributary of the Ganga - YAMUNA

Tears of Bihar - KOSI

Ganga of Madhya Pradesh -BETWA

Tears of Assam - BRAHMPUTRA

The longest river of India -BRAHMPUTRA

Most important west flowing rive of India - NARMADA

Second most important west flowing river of India - TAΡΤΙ

Tears of Odisha - MAHANADI

Dakshin Ganga - GODAVARI

The largest river of South India -GODAVARI

The river having the second largest basin in India - GODAVARI

The largest tributory of river Krishna - TUNGBHADRA