Writing Articles in a Peer

Reviewed Publication
Presented by:
JAYBEN P. LOCION, CSPE, LPT, IDELM, IDAR, MAT
SpST – I
❑ RESEARCH TITLE
❑ STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
❑ HYPOTHESES
❑ THEORETECAL FRAMEWORK
❑ CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
❑ SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
❑ SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
❑ DEFINITION OF TERMS
Kotze (2005)
Typical Structure of an Academic Article:
• Title (8-15 words)
• Abstract (200-250 words)
• Keywords (6-8)
• Introduction (500-1,000 words)
• Literature Review (1,000-2,000 words)
• Methods (500-1,000 words)
• Results (1,000-1,500 words)
• Discussion (1,000-1,500 words)
Why do research title
matters?
Title 1: Benefits of Meditation for the Nursing Profession: A
Quantitative Investigation
Title 2: Why Mindful Nurses Make the Best Communicators
Title 3: Meditation Gurus
Title 4: Nurses on the Move: A Quantitative Report on How
Meditation Can Improve Nurse Performance
Perry et al. (2002)

“It is, therefore, extremely important to use effective keywords,

a title that grabs the attention, and an engaging abstracts to
lure the reader to delve into the introduction and discussion.
The introduction and the discussion should then entice the
reader to read the rest of the article.”
 RESEARCH TITLE
Should answer the following questions:

1.What will be researched?

2.How will the topic be researched?
3.With whom?
4.Where/in what context will the study be conducted?
 RESEARCH TITLE
• Article title should be concise, accurate, and informative.
• Titles are often used by search engines and other information
retrieval systems.
• The title should be specific and it should contain words that
readers might be searching for.
• The title must reflect the content of your article; if it does not,
readers will be confused or disappointed.
 RESEARCH TITLE

Title – The title summarized the main idea or

ideas of your study. A good title contain the
fewest possible words that adequately
describe the contents and purpose of your
research study.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
RESEARCH TITLE
According to rhetoric scholars Hairston and Keene,
making a good title for a paper involves ensuring that
the title of the research accomplishes four goals:
1.Predicts the content of the research paper
2.Interesting to the reader
3.Reflect the tone of the writing
4.Contain important keywords that will make it easier
to be located during a keyword search.
Title 1: Benefits of Meditation for the Nursing Profession: A
Quantitative Investigation
Title 2: Why Mindful Nurses Make the Best Communicators
Title 3: Meditation Gurus
Title 4: Nurses on the Move: A Quantitative Report on How
Meditation Can Improve Nurse Performance
 Important
Predicts Interestin Reflects
Title keywords
Content? g? tone?
?

Benefits of Meditation for the Nursing

YES NO NO YES
Profession: A Quantitative Investigation
Why Mindful Nurses Make the Best
NO YES YES NO
Communicators
Meditation Gurus NO YES NO NO

Nurses on the Move: A Quantitative Report

on How Meditation Can Improve Nurse YES YES YES YES
Performance
Writing a Good Research Title: Things to Avoid
1. The period generally has no place in a title (even a declarative
phrase can work without a period)
2. Likewise, any kind of dashes to separates title parts (however,
hyphens to link words is fine)
3. Chemical formula, like H2O, CH4, etc. (instead use their common or
generic names)
4. Avoid roman numerals (e.g., III, IX, etc.)
5. Semi-colons, as in “;” (the colon, however, is very useful to make
two-part titles)
6. Abbreviations (except for RNA, DNA which is standard now and
widely known)
7. Initialisms and acronyms (e.g., “Ca” may get confused with CA,
which denotes cancer)
8. Avoid question marks (this tends to decrease citations, but posing a
question is useful in economics and philosophy papers or when the
results are not so clear-cut as hoped for)
9. Uncommon words (a few are okay, but too many can influence altmetric
scoring).
10.Numerical exponents, or units (e.g. km-1 or km/hr)
11.Vague terms (e.g., “with” could be re-written with a more specific verb;
“amongst” rectified by simpler word ordering)
12.Cryptic/complex drug names (use the generic name if allowed to)
13.Obvious or non-specific openings with a conjunction: e.g., “Report on”,
“A Study of”, “Results of”, “An Experimental Investigation of”, etc. (these
don’t contribute meaning!)
14.Italics, unless it is used for the species names of studied organisms.
15.Shorten scientific names (not coli, but write instead Escherichia coli)
16.Keep it short. Aim for 50 to 100 characters, but not more (shorter titles
are cited more often) or less than 13 words
 TIPS FOR WRITING AN EFFECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER TITLE

Make sure your research title

describes (a) the topic, (b) the
method, (c) the sample, and (d)
the results of your study. You can
use the following formula:
Title 1: Benefits of Meditation for the Nursing Profession: A
Quantitative Investigation
Title 2: Why Mindful Nurses Make the Best Communicators
Title 3: Meditation Gurus
Title 4: Nurses on the Move: A Quantitative Report on How
Meditation Can Improve Nurse Performance
 RESEARCH TITLE

[Result]: A [method] study

of [topic] among [sample]
Example:

Meditation Makes Nurses Perform Better: A

Qualitative Study of Mindfulness Meditation
among German Nursing Students
 RESEARCH TITLE

Grobler (2003)

Basic structure of a title:

Main Theme or Research Topic:

Research Design + Population +
Geographical Area
Examples:

• Value Profile and Susceptibility to Interpersonal Influence: A

Survey of Student Smokers of Senior High School Students in
Samar National School

• Batang Ama: A Phenomenological Study on Teenage Father

Among Senior High School Students in Samar National School

• Sports Involvement and Academic Performance: A Correlational

Study on the Impact of Sports Participation on Academic
Performance of Senior High School Students in Samar National
School
 RESEARCH INTRODUCTION

• The introduction is the part of the paper that provides readers

with the background information. Its purpose is to ascertain a
framework for the research, so that the readers can understand
how it is related to other researches or studies.
• The introduction does have a strict word limit so it should be as
concise as possible. It can be a tricky part of the paper to write,
so many scientists and researchers prefer to write it last, to
make sure they haven’t missed anything important.
 WRITING RESEARCH INTRODUCTION
1. Announcing your topic
2. Define and explain concepts
3. Review the literature
4. Stress on rationale
5. State your thesis
 WRITING RESEARCH INTRODUCTION
1. Announcing your topic

• The topic is basically the fundamental of any writing you

prepare. State your topic and add some connected with topic
issues that bothers you a lot. This is a perfect strategy to
intrigue the reader.

• It is recommended to start with general info and then narrowing

down to some concrete aspects. Try not to deepen into a state
of things in the beginning, but explain your view on the topic.
 WRITING RESEARCH INTRODUCTION
2. Define and explain concepts

Is writing including concepts that are going to be complicated for

the average reader to understand? If the answer to this question is
yes, this means that you should take the time to explain them as
best as you can in your introduction. This includes any jargon or
terms that you think will be important to know before reading your
findings and analysis.
 WRITING RESEARCH INTRODUCTION
3. Review the literature

Developing a statement in the main body, you will need some

literature sources to refer to. While your idea can sound a bit
subjectively, if you maintain it with citations extracted from works of
famous scientists, authors or philosophers, you will prove your
point. Don’t neglect modern time scholars that are being deeply
concerned about the issue or opinion you stated and don't neglect
using online plagiarism checker to make sure your paper is
original. Introduction should briefly state what the literature will be
about.
 WRITING RESEARCH INTRODUCTION
4. Stress on rationale

The rationale is the key element of your beginning. Once you

stated the topic, it’s time to prove it’s very relevant and gives
readers food for thought. The rationale serves as an indicator of
both – the importance of your essay and attitude to the issue. The
rationale should be laconic and precise to show the reader the
significance of your research.
 WRITING RESEARCH INTRODUCTION
5. State your thesis

Thesis statement marks the conclusive part of the introduction

for research paper or research summary and transition to the
actual research. This sentence supports all the things you have
written before and collects all your ideas in a logical and
concise saying. If your subject is too complicated, you should
make thesis statement comprehensible with it. The thesis is what
runs through your complete essay, that’s why the intro where a
thesis is stated sets the tone for the entire paper.
 TIPS FOR WRITING INTRODUCTION IN RESEARCH

1. Introduction isn’t a summarized version of the entire paper, it

briefly introduces your work.
2. Never choose a thesis statement you can’t support with evidence
3. Based on your research, include points or subtopics that you will
delve into in the body of the paper.
4. Subtopics should be associated with the main subject and work to
strengthen the importance and value of your thesis statement.
5. Every statement should be supported with facts, studies, and
literature background. It follows an inverted pyramid structure.
 TIPS FOR WRITING INTRODUCTION IN RESEARCH

5. Be precise, your introductions should be precise and specific and

discuss only the idea you’ve researched and plan to elaborate
further, don’t stray away from the topic and write about stuff that you
won’t even mention in the body.

6. Define the Problem. The entire introduction should logically end at

the research question and thesis statement or hypothesis. The
reader, by the end of the introduction, should know exactly what you
are trying to achieve with the paper. In addition, your conclusion and
discussion will refer back to the introduction, and this is easier if you
have a clearly defined problem.
 TIPS FOR WRITING INTRODUCTION IN RESEARCH

7. Organize your introduction.

8. A good introduction includes a brief statement of the problem
that justifies the work on which it is based, the findings of others that
will be challenged or developed and an explanation of the general
approach and objectives.
STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

✓ It should provide a specific and accurate synopsis of the overall

purpose of the study.
✓ Try to incorporate a sentence that begins with …”The purpose of
this study is …”
✓ The research problems must be stated vividly and explicitly
expressed in question form which posses the characteristics of
SMART.
✓ The number of the specific problems depends on the researcher
but makes sure that these should jibe with the research
problem/title.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

✓ A problem statement should be presented within a context, and

the context should be provided and briefly explained, including a
discussion of the conceptual or theoretical framework in which it is
embedded
Research Title: PERCEPTION ON SMOKING ANXIETY AND SMOKING RESILIENCY AMONG
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SAMAR COLLEGE

Statement of the Problem

This study will determine the perception of smoking anxiety and resilience among Senior High
School students in Samar College Catbalogan City during the School Year 2019-2020.
Specifically, this study will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of student-respondents in terms of the following:

1.1 age and sex;
1.2 average monthly family income;
1.3 parents’ highest educational attainment; and
1.4 parent’s occupation?
Research Title: PERCEPTION ON SMOKING ANXIETY AND SMOKING RESILIENCY AMONG
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SAMAR COLLEGE

Statement of the Problem

2. What is the perception of student-respondents in terms of the following:

2.1 smoking anxiety questionnaire (Colgan, 2010) and
2.2 smoking resilience questionnaire (Moylan, 2013)

3. Is there a significant relationship between the student-respondents profile variates and their
perception toward smoking anxiety and resilience?

4. What implications may be derived based on the findings of the study?

hypotheses
 HYPOTHESES

✓ A hypothesis represents a declarative statement of the relations

between two or more variables.
✓ There are two forms of hypotheses: null and alternative
 NULL HYPOTHESES

✓ A “no” difference in terms of theoretical constructs and a “no”

difference” in terms of the operation required to test the
hypothesis.

✓ For example:

1. There is no significant relationship study habits and

academic performance of college students.
2. There is no significant difference in school academic
achievement of female and male students.
 ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES

✓ States the hypothesis you will accept if the null hypothesis is

rejected, stated in terms of theoretical constructs. In other words,
this is usually what you hope the results will follow.

✓ For example:

1. There is a significant relationship study habits and

academic performance of college students.
2. There is a significant difference in school academic
achievement of female and male students.