9702/11/M/J/16/Q9

1 Which statement about a perfectly elastic collision between two bodies in an isolated system is
correct?

A Both total kinetic energy and total momentum are conserved.

B Total kinetic energy is conserved, but total momentum is not conserved.
C Total momentum is conserved, but total kinetic energy is not conserved.
D Neither total kinetic energy nor total momentum is conserved.

9702/11/M/J/16/Q10

2 Two spheres approach each other along the same straight line. Their speeds are u1 and u2
before they collide. After the collision, the spheres separate with speeds v1 and v2 in the
directions shown below.

u1 u2 v1 v2

before collision after collision

The collision is perfectly elastic. Which equation must be correct?

A u1 – u2 = v2 + v1
B u1 – u2 = v2 – v1
C u1 + u2 = v2 + v1
D u1 + u2 = v2 – v1
9702/11/M/J/16/Q11

3 The diagram shows a man standing on a platform that is attached to a flexible pipe. Water is
pumped through the pipe so that the man and platform remain at a constant height.

flexible pipe
platform
water in

vertical jet of water out,

mass flow rate 40 kg s–1

The resultant vertical force on the platform is zero. The combined mass of the man and platform
is 96 kg. The mass of water that is discharged vertically downwards from the platform each
second is 40 kg.

What is the speed of the water leaving the platform?

A 2.4 m s–1 B 6.9 m s–1 C 24 m s–1 D 47 m s–1

9702/12/M/J/16/Q7

4 A tennis ball is released from rest at the top of a tall building.

Which graph best represents the variation with time t of the acceleration a of the ball as it falls,
assuming that the effect of air resistance is not negligible?

A B
a a

0 0
0 t 0 t

C D
a a

0 0
0 t 0 t
9702/12/M/J/16/Q9

5 A ball falls vertically onto horizontal ground and rebounds, as shown.

p2

p1

before after

The ball has momentum p1 downwards just before hitting the ground. After rebounding, the ball
leaves the ground with momentum p2 upwards. The ball is in contact with the ground for 0.020 s.
During this time interval, an average resultant force of 25 N acts on the ball.

What is a possible combination of values for p1 and p2?

p1 / kg m s–1 p2 / kg m s–1

A 0.15 0.65
B 0.20 0.30
C 0.30 0.20
D 0.65 0.15
9702/12/M/J/16/Q10

6 A sphere falls from rest through the air. The graph shows the variation with time of the sphere’s
velocity.

velocity

0
0 time

Which diagram shows the forces acting on the sphere when it is at the velocity corresponding to
point P on the graph?

A B C D

air resistance

air resistance
air resistance

weight weight weight weight

9702/12/M/J/16/Q11

7 A ball of mass m travelling at velocity u collides with a stationary ball of mass M. After collision
the two balls travel at velocities v and V respectively, in the directions shown.

m v
m u M 30°

not to 40°
before collision M
scale
V
after collision

A student writes three equations relating to the collision.

Which row in the table indicates the correct and incorrect equations?

mv sin 30° = mu =
mu = MV + mv
MV sin 40° mv cos 30° + MV cos 40°

A correct correct correct

B incorrect correct incorrect
C correct incorrect incorrect
D incorrect correct correct
9702/13/M/J/16/Q9

8 Which row in the table gives the quantities that are conserved in a perfectly elastic collision
between two gas molecules?

total momentum total kinetic energy

A conserved conserved
B conserved not conserved
C not conserved conserved
D not conserved not conserved

9702/13/M/J/16/Q10

9 Two equal masses travel towards each other on a frictionless track at speeds of 60 cm s–1 and
30 cm s–1. They stick together on impact.

60 cm s–1 30 cm s–1

What is the speed of the masses after impact?

A 15 cm s–1 B 20 cm s–1 C 30 cm s–1 D 45 cm s–1

9702/13/M/J/16/Q11

10 The IKAROS satellite has mass 320 kg and moves through space using a solar sail of area 20 m2.
The average solar wind pressure is 1.0 × 10–5 N m–2.

What is the acceleration of the satellite caused by the solar wind?

A 3.1 × 10–8 m s–2

B 6.3 × 10–7 m s–2

C 3.2 × 10–3 m s–2

D 6.4 × 10–2 m s–2

9702/11/M/J/17/Q7

11 The mass of a rocket-propelled truck is approximately equal to the mass of the fuel in its tank.
The fuel is ignited and the truck is propelled along horizontal tracks by a constant force. The
effect of air resistance is negligible.

During a test run the fuel is consumed at a constant rate.

Which statement describes the acceleration of the truck during the test run?

A The acceleration of the truck decreases as the fuel is consumed.

B The acceleration of the truck increases as the fuel is consumed.
C The acceleration of the truck remains constant.
D The acceleration of the truck is zero and the truck moves at a constant velocity.
9702/11/M/J/17/Q8

12 An object is dropped at time t = 0 from a high building. Air resistance is significant.

Three graphs are plotted against time.

the height of the object above the ground

the speed of the object
the magnitude of the resultant force on the object

0
0 time

0
0 time

0
0 time

What are the quantities X, Y and Z?

magnitude of
height of the object
speed of the object the resultant force
above the ground
on the object

A X Y Z
B X Z Y
C Y Z X
D Z Y X
9702/11/M/J/17/Q10

13 The graph shows how the momentum of a motorcycle changes with time.

5000
momentum
/ kg m s–1

0
0 10
time / s

What is the resultant force on the motorcycle?

A 500 N B 5000 N C 25 000 N D 50 000 N

9702/12/M/J/17/Q7

14 A rubber ball is dropped onto a table and bounces back up. The table exerts a force F on the ball.

Which graph best shows the variation with time t of the force F for the short time that the ball is in
contact with the table?

A B C D

F F F F

0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
9702/12/M/J/17/Q8

15 A golf ball of mass m is dropped onto a hard surface from a height h1 and rebounds to a height
h2.

The momentum of the golf ball just as it reaches the surface is different from its momentum just
as it leaves the surface.

What is the total change in the momentum of the golf ball between these two instants? (Ignore air
resistance.)

A m 2gh1 – m 2gh 2

B m 2gh1 + m 2gh 2

C m 2g (h1 − h 2)

D m 2g (h1 + h 2)

9702/12/M/J/17/Q9

16 A book of weight W is at rest on a table. A student attempts to state Newton’s third law of motion
by saying that ‘action equals reaction’.

book

table
W

If the weight of the book is the ‘action’ force, what is the ‘reaction’ force?

A the force W acting downwards on the Earth from the table

B the force W acting upwards on the book from the table
C the force W acting upwards on the Earth from the book
D the force W acting upwards on the table from the floor
9702/12/M/J/17/Q14

17 Which quantities are conserved in an inelastic collision?

kinetic energy total energy linear momentum

A conserved not conserved conserved

B conserved not conserved not conserved
C not conserved conserved conserved
D not conserved conserved not conserved
9702/13/M/J/17/Q7

18 A driver stops his car in time t by gradually increasing the total braking force on the car. The
graph shows the resultant force on the car.

force

0
0 t
time

Which graph shows how the speed of the car will vary during this time?

A B

speed speed

0 0
0 t 0 t
time time

C D

speed speed

0 0
0 t 0 t
time time
9702/13/M/J/17/Q8

19 The graph shows the variation of a quantity y with a quantity x for a body that is falling in air at
constant (terminal) velocity in a uniform gravitational field.

quantity y

0
0 quantity x

Which quantities could x and y represent?

x y

A air resistance acceleration

B loss of height gain in kinetic energy
C loss of potential energy work done against air resistance
D time velocity

9702/13/M/J/17/Q9

20 A ball of mass 2.0 kg travels horizontally with a speed of 4.0 m s–1. The ball collides with a wall
and rebounds in the opposite direction with a speed of 2.8 m s–1. The time of the collision is
150 ms.

What is the average force exerted on the wall?

A 16 N B 37 N C 53 N D 91 N

9702/13/M/J/17/Q10

21 An ice-hockey puck of mass 150 g moves with an initial speed of 2.0 m s–1 along the surface of an
ice rink.

The puck slides a distance of 30 m in a straight line before stopping.

What is the average frictional force acting on the puck?

A 0.010 N B 0.020 N C 0.067 N D 0.44 N

9702/13/M/J/17/Q12

22 An air bubble is rising through a liquid at a constant speed. The forces on it are the upthrust U,
the viscous drag D and its weight W.

Which diagram shows the directions and relative sizes of the forces?

A B C D

U U U
U
D

W W
D D
W
D
W
9702/11/M/J/18/Q6

23 A tennis ball falls freely, in air, from the top of a tall building.

Which graph best represents the variation with time t of the distance s fallen?

A B

s s

0 0
0 t 0 t

C D

s s

0 0
0 t 0 t
9702/11/M/J/18/Q8
7

24 The momentum of a car of mass m increases from p1 to p2.

What is the increase in the kinetic energy of the car?

( p 22 − p12) ( p 2 − p1)2 p 2 − p1 p1 − p 2
A B C D
2m 2m 2m 2m

9702/11/M/J/18/Q9

25 Two similar spheres, each of mass m and travelling with speed v, are moving towards each other.

v v

m m

The spheres have a head-on elastic collision.

Which statement is correct?

A The spheres stick together on impact.

B The total kinetic energy after impact is mv 2.
C The total kinetic energy before impact is zero.
D The total momentum before impact is 2mv.
9702/12/M/J/18/Q7

26 A sky-diver falls vertically from a helicopter and reaches constant (terminal) velocity. The graph
shows the variation with time t of the speed v of the sky-diver.

0
0 t

Which graph shows the variation with time t of the distance d fallen by the sky-diver?

A B C D

d d d d

0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t

9702/12/M/J/18/Q8

27 A tennis ball of mass 55 g is travelling horizontally with a speed of 30 m s–1. The ball makes
contact with a wall before rebounding in the horizontal direction with a speed of 20 m s–1. The ball
is in contact with the wall for a time of 5.0 × 10–3 s.

What is the average force exerted on the wall by the ball?

A 110 N B 220 N C 330 N D 550 N

9702/12/M/J/18/Q9

28 An elastic collision occurs between two bodies X and Y. The mass of body X is m and the mass
of body Y is 4m. Body X travels at speed v before the collision and speed 3v in the opposite
5
direction after the collision. Body Y is stationary before the collision.

3v
v 5

X Y X Y
m 4m m 4m

before after

What is the kinetic energy of body Y after the collision?

A 8 mv 2 B 34 mv 2 C 16 mv 2 D 1 mv 2
10 50 50 5
9702/13/M/J/18/Q7

29 Two masses, M and m, are connected by an inextensible string which passes over a frictionless
pulley. Mass M rests on a frictionless slope, as shown.

M
m

frictionless slope

The slope is at an angle θ to the horizontal.

The two masses are initially held stationary and then released. Mass M moves down the slope.

Which expression must be correct?

A sinθ < m B cosθ < m C sinθ > m D cosθ > m

M M M M

9702/13/M/J/18/Q8

30 A sky-diver falls from a stationary balloon at time t = 0. As the sky-diver falls, her speed and the
air resistance increase until the force of the air resistance is equal to her weight.

Which graph best shows the variation with time t of the displacement s for the motion of the
sky-diver?

A B C D
s s s s

0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
9702/13/M/J/18/Q9

31 A ball of mass 0.20 kg, travelling in the x-direction at a speed of 0.50 m s–1, collides with a ball of
mass 0.30 kg travelling in the y-direction at a speed of 0.40 m s–1.

The two balls stick together after the collision, travelling at an angle θ to the x-direction.

0.30 kg

0.40 m s–1 x-direction

–1
0.50 m s
θ
0.20 kg y-direction

What is the value of θ ?

A 39° B 40° C 50° D 51°

9702/11/M/J/19/Q9

32 Each diagram illustrates a pair of forces of equal magnitude.

Which diagram gives an example of a pair of forces that is described by Newton’s third law of
motion?

A B

total gravitational
resistive driving Earth attraction
forces force

gravitational
Moon
attraction

C D

support force lift

weight

weight

9702/11/M/J/19/Q10

33 A stone is dropped from a tall building. Air resistance is significant. The variation of distance
fallen with time is shown by the dashed line.

A second stone with the same dimensions but a smaller mass is dropped from the same building.

Which line represents the motion of the second stone?

A B
distance path of first stone

0
0 time
9702/11/M/J/19/Q11

34 A helium atom of mass m collides normally with a wall. The atom arrives at the wall with speed v
and then rebounds along its original path. Assume that the collision is perfectly elastic.

What is the change in the momentum of the atom during its collision?

A zero B 0.5 mv C mv D 2mv

9702/12/M/J/19/Q9

35 What describes the mass of an object?

A the force the object experiences due to gravity

B the momentum of the object before a collision
C the resistance of the object to changes in motion
D the weight of the object as measured by a balance

9702/12/M/J/19/Q10

36 A car has mass m. A person needs to push the car with force F in order to give the car
acceleration a. The person needs to push the car with force 2F in order to give the car
acceleration 3a.

Which expression gives the constant resistive force opposing the motion of the car?

A ma B 2ma C 3ma D 4ma

9702/12/M/J/19/Q11

37 Two bar magnets P and Q are mounted on floats which can slide without friction along an air
track.

P Q
S N N S air track

floats

The two magnets slide towards each other along the air track and interact, without making
contact.

The relative speed of approach of the magnets is equal to their relative speed of separation.

Which statement about P and Q must be correct?

A During the interaction between P and Q some of the total kinetic energy is lost.
B During the interaction between P and Q some of the total momentum is lost.
C The momentum of Q after the interaction is equal to the momentum of P before the
interaction.
D The values of (kinetic energy of P + kinetic energy of Q) before and after the interaction are
equal.

9702/12/M/J/19/Q12

38 A submarine descends vertically at constant velocity. The three forces acting on the submarine
are viscous drag, upthrust and weight.

Which relationship between their magnitudes is correct?

A weight < drag

B weight = drag
C weight < upthrust
D weight > upthrust
9702/12/M/J/19/Q14

39 A car of mass m travels at constant speed up a slope at an angle θ to the horizontal, as shown in
the diagram. Air resistance and friction provide a resistive force F. The acceleration of free fall
is g.

resistive force F

What is the force needed to propel the car at this constant speed?

A mg cos θ

B mg sin θ

C mg cos θ + F

D mg sin θ + F
9702/13/M/J/19/Q8

40 A skydiver jumps from an aeroplane and falls vertically through the air.

Which graph shows the variation with time t of the skydiver’s vertical velocity v?

A B C D

v v v v

0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
9702/13/M/J/19/Q9

41 A nucleus collides with a stationary nucleus in a vacuum. The diagrams show the paths of the
nuclei before and after the collision.

No other particles are involved in the collision.

Which diagram is not possible?

A B

C D
9702/11/M/J/20/Q9

42 The resultant force F on a raindrop of mass m falling with velocity v is given by the equation

F = mg – kv2

where k is a constant and g is the acceleration of free fall.

What is the velocity of the raindrop when it reaches a constant (terminal) velocity?

k k mg mg
A B C D
mg mg k k

9702/11/M/J/20/Q10

43 A stationary toy gun fires a bullet.

Which statement about the bullet and the gun, immediately after firing, is not correct?

A The force exerted on the bullet by the gun has the same magnitude as the force exerted on
the gun by the bullet.
B The force exerted on the bullet by the gun is in the opposite direction to the force exerted on
the gun by the bullet.
C The gun and the bullet have the same magnitude of momentum.
D The kinetic energy of the gun must equal the kinetic energy of the bullet.
 9702/11/M/J/20/Q11

44 A wooden block rests on the rough surface of a board. One end of the board is then raised until
the block slides down the board at constant velocity v.

block

v
board

What describes the forces acting on the block when it is sliding with constant velocity?

frictional force on block resultant force on block

A down the board down the board

B down the board zero
C up the board down the board
D up the board zero
9702/12/M/J/20/Q7

45 The resultant force acting on an object is slowly increased.

Which graph could show the variation with time t of the momentum p of the object?

A B

p p

0 0
0 t 0 t

C D

p p

0 0
0 t 0 t
9702/12/M/J/20/Q8

46 An astronaut has a weight of 660 N when she is standing on the Earth’s surface.

The acceleration of free fall on the surface of Mars is 3.71 m s–2.

What would be the weight of the astronaut if she stood on the surface of Mars?

A 67.3 N B 178 N C 250 N D 660 N

9702/12/M/J/20/Q9

47 A mass m1 travelling with speed u1 collides with a mass m2 travelling with speed u2 in the same
direction. After the collision, mass m1 has speed v1 and mass m2 has speed v2 in the same
direction. The collision is perfectly elastic.

u1 u2 v1 v2
m1 m2 m1 m2

before the collision after the collision

Which equation is not correct?

A m1u12 – m1v12 = m2v22 – m2u22

B v 2 + u2 = v 1 + u 1
C m1(u1 – v1) = m2(v2 – u2)
D m1(u1 – v1)2 = m2(u2 – v2)2
9702/13/M/J/20/Q8

48 A ball of mass m travels vertically downwards and then hits a horizontal floor at speed u.

It rebounds vertically upwards with speed v.

The collision lasts a time ∆t.

What is the average resultant force exerted on the ball during the collision?

mv – mu
A downwards
∆t

mv – mu
B upwards
∆t

mv + mu
C downwards
∆t

mv + mu
D upwards
∆t

9702/13/M/J/20/Q9

49 The resultant force F on a raindrop of mass m falling vertically with velocity v is given by the
equation

F = mg – kv 2

where k is a constant and g is the acceleration of free fall.

The falling raindrop eventually reaches a constant (terminal) velocity.

Which graph shows the variation of the terminal velocity of the raindrop with mass m?

A B

terminal terminal
velocity velocity

0 0
0 m 0 m

C D

terminal terminal
velocity velocity

0 0
0 m 0 m
9702/13/M/J/20/Q10

50 A ball of mass m, moving at a velocity v, collides with a stationary ball of mass 2m.

The two balls stick together.

Which fraction of the initial kinetic energy is lost on impact?

A 1 B 1 C 2 D 8
9 3 3 9
9702/11/M/J/21/Q8

51 A rocket is fired from the Earth into space.

Newton’s third law of motion describes how forces act in pairs. One of the forces of a pair is the
weight of the rocket.

What is the other force of this pair?

A air resistance
B force of the exhaust gases on the rocket
C force of the rocket on the exhaust gases
D gravitational force of the rocket on the Earth

9702/11/M/J/21/Q9

52 The graph shows how quantity P varies with quantity Q for a body falling vertically downwards in
a uniform gravitational field with air resistance.

0
0 Q

Which pair of quantities could be represented by P and Q ?

P Q

A acceleration force of air resistance

B acceleration time
C velocity force of air resistance
D velocity time

9702/11/M/J/21/Q10

53 Which quantities are conserved in an inelastic collision?

kinetic energy total energy linear momentum

A conserved not conserved conserved

B conserved not conserved not conserved
C not conserved conserved conserved
D not conserved conserved not conserved
9702/12/M/J/21/Q8

54 A book of weight W is at rest on a table. A student attempts to state Newton’s third law of motion
by saying that ‘action equals reaction’.

book

table
W

If the weight of the book is the ‘action’ force, what is the ‘reaction’ force?

A the force W acting downwards on the Earth from the table

B the force W acting upwards on the book from the table
C the force W acting upwards on the Earth from the book
D the force W acting upwards on the table from the floor

9702/12/M/J/21/Q9

55 Four balls are dropped at the same time from the top of a very tall tower. There is no wind
blowing.

Which ball hits the ground first?

A B C D

mass M mass 4M mass M mass 4M

diameter D diameter D diameter 2D diameter 2D
9702/12/M/J/21/Q10

56 A nitrogen molecule P travelling at a speed of 320 m s–1 in a vacuum collides with a stationary
nitrogen molecule Q.

After the collision, P travels at a velocity of 180 m s–1 at an angle of 55 to its original path.

Q travels in a direction at an angle of 34 to the initial path of P.

180 m s–1

320 m s–1 55

P Q
34

Q
v

before collision after collision

Assume that there are no external forces acting on the molecules.

What is the magnitude v of the velocity of Q after the collision?

A 120 m s–1 B 140 m s–1 C 180 m s–1 D 260 m s–1

9702/13/M/J/21/Q8

57 Two masses, M and m, are connected by an inextensible string which passes over a frictionless
pulley. Mass M rests on a frictionless slope, as shown.

M
m

frictionless slope

The slope is at an angle  to the horizontal.

The two masses are initially held stationary and then released. Mass M accelerates down the
slope.

Which expression must be correct?

A sin < m B cos < m C sin > m D cos > m

M M M M

9702/13/M/J/21/Q9

58 The weights and masses of four different objects on the surfaces of four different planets are
shown.

Which planet has the lowest value of acceleration of free fall at its surface?

weight mass

A 40 mN 6.0 g
B 3.0 N 500 g
C 10 N 1 kg
D 2.6 kN 750 kg

9702/13/M/J/21/Q10

59 A rock in deep space is travelling towards a distant star and collides with a stationary spacecraft.

What is not a possible outcome of the collision?

A The rock becomes stationary and the spacecraft moves towards the star.
B The rock moves away from the star and so does the spacecraft.
C The rock moves away from the star and the spacecraft moves towards the star.
D The rock moves towards the star and so does the spacecraft.
9702/13/M/J/21/Q11

60 A steel ball is falling at a constant (terminal) speed in still air. The forces acting on the ball are
upthrust, viscous drag and weight.

What is the order of increasing magnitude of these three forces?

A upthrust  viscous drag  weight

B viscous drag  upthrust  weight

C viscous drag  weight  upthrust

D weight  upthrust  viscous drag

9702/11/M/J/22/Q7

61 An object is moving along the ground in a straight line at a constant speed.

Which statement about the resultant force acting on the object is correct?

A The resultant force acting on the object is equal to its weight.

B The resultant force acting on the object is equal to the product of its mass and its velocity.
C The resultant force acting on the object is equal to the resistive force.
D The resultant force acting on the object is equal to zero.

9702/11/M/J/22/Q8

62 Water flows out of a pipe and hits a wall.

wall

pipe velocity v
cross-sectional
area A

water

When the jet of water hits the wall, it has horizontal velocity v and cross-sectional area A.

The density of the water is . The water does not rebound from the wall.

What is the force exerted on the wall by the water?

v v 2
A B C Av D Av 2
A A
9702/11/M/J/22/Q9

63 A projectile is launched at an angle above horizontal ground and travels through the air.

projectile X
path of the projectile

ground

The projectile reaches its maximum height at position X. Assume that no upthrust acts on the
projectile.

Which diagram shows the directions of the force or forces acting on the projectile at position X?

A B C D

9702/11/M/J/22/Q10

64 What is a statement of the principle of conservation of momentum?

A A force is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the object upon which it acts.
B In a perfectly elastic collision, the relative momentum of the objects before impact is equal to
their relative momentum after impact.
C The momentum of an object is the product of the mass of the object and its velocity.
D The total momentum of a system of interacting objects remains constant, providing no
resultant external force acts on the system.
9702/12/M/J/22/Q7

65 Which statement is not a requirement of a pair of forces that obey Newton’s third law of motion?

A The forces act in opposite directions.

B The forces act on different objects.
C The forces act on objects in contact.
D The forces are of equal magnitude.
9702/12/M/J/22/Q8

66 A child of mass 20 kg stands on the rough surface of a sledge of mass 40 kg. The sledge can
slide on a horizontal frictionless surface.

One end of a rope is attached to the sledge. The rope passes around a fixed frictionless pole,
and the other end of the rope is held by the child, as shown.

frictionless
horizontal rope pole

frictionless surface

The rope is horizontal. The child pulls on the rope with a horizontal force of 12 N. This causes the
child and the sledge to move with equal acceleration towards the pole.

What is the frictional force between the child and the sledge?

A 4.0 N B 6.0 N C 8.0 N D 12 N

9702/12/M/J/22/Q9

67 A stone S and a foam rubber ball R are identical spheres of equal volume. They are released
from rest at time t = 0 and fall vertically through the air. Both reach terminal velocity.

Which graph best shows the variation with time t of the speed v of the stone and of the rubber
ball?

A B C D

v R v S v v S
R and S
R
S R

0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
9702/12/M/J/22/Q10

68 Two balls X and Y are moving towards each other with speeds of 5 m s–1 and 15 m s–1
respectively.

5 m s–1 15 m s–1

X Y

They make a perfectly elastic head-on collision and ball Y moves to the right with a speed
of 7 m s–1.

What is the speed and direction of ball X after the collision?

A 3 m s–1 to the left

B 13 m s–1 to the left
C 3 m s–1 to the right
D 13 m s–1 to the right
9702/13/M/J/22/Q8

69 A car accelerates from rest. The graph shows the variation of the momentum of the car with time.

momentum

0
0 time

What is the meaning of the gradient of the graph at a particular time?

A the kinetic energy of the car

B the rate of change of kinetic energy of the car
C the resultant force on the car
D the velocity of the car

9702/13/M/J/22/Q9

70 A ball is dropped onto horizontal ground and bounces vertically upwards. When the ball is in
contact with the ground, the following forces act:

● the weight W of the ball

● the contact force P exerted on the ground by the ball
● the contact force N exerted on the ball by the ground.

ball

N
ground P

When the ball is in contact with the ground, the ball is momentarily stationary.

At this instant, which relationship is correct?

A N=P+W B N>P+W C N=W D N>W

9702/13/M/J/22/Q10

71 A person stands on the edge of a high cliff that is next to the sea. The person throws a stone
vertically upwards. Air resistance acts on the stone.

The stone eventually hits the sea.

Which velocity–time graph best shows the motion of the stone from when it is released until it hits
the sea?

A B

velocity velocity

0 0
0 time 0 time

C D

velocity velocity

0 0
0 time 0 time

9702/13/M/J/22/Q11

72 Skaters of masses 80 kg and 40 kg move directly towards each other and collide.

Before the collision, the heavier skater is moving to the right at a speed of 2.0 m s–1 and the lighter
skater is moving to the left at a speed of 1.0 m s–1.

After the collision, the heavier skater moves to the right at a speed of 0.80 m s–1.

What is the relative speed of separation of the two skaters?

A 0.6 m s–1 B 1.4 m s–1 C 2.2 m s–1 D 2.6 m s–1

9702/11/O/N/16/Q9

73 A car is stationary at traffic lights. When the traffic lights change to green, the driver presses
down sharply on the accelerator. The resultant horizontal force acting on the car varies with time
as shown.

force

0
0 time

Which graph shows the variation with time of the speed of the car?

A B

speed speed

0 0
0 time 0 time

C D

speed speed

0 0
0 time 0 time
9702/11/O/N/16/Q10

74 A beach-ball falls vertically from a high hotel window. Air resistance is not negligible.

Which graph shows the variation with time t of the acceleration a of the ball?

A B

a a

0 0
0 t 0 t

C D

a a

0 0
0 t 0 t

9702/11/O/N/16/Q11

75 A car has mass m. A person needs to push the car with force F in order to give the car
acceleration a. The person needs to push the car with force 2F in order to give the car
acceleration 3a.

Which expression gives the constant resistive force opposing the motion of the car?

A ma B 2ma C 3ma D 4ma

9702/11/O/N/16/Q12

76 A box is shown resting on the ground. Newton’s third law implies that four forces of equal
magnitude are involved. These forces are labelled P, Q, R and S.

Forces P and Q act on the box. Forces R and S act on the Earth.

For clarity, the forces are shown slightly separated.

box

ground

Q
R
S

Which statement about the forces is correct?

A P is the equal and opposite force to Q and both are forces of contact.
B Q is the equal and opposite force to P and both are gravitational forces.
C R is the equal and opposite force to S and both are forces of contact.
D S is the equal and opposite force to Q and both are gravitational forces.

9702/11/O/N/16/Q13

77 Two spheres travel along the same line with velocities u1 and u2. They collide and after collision
their velocities are v1 and v2.

before collision u1 before collision u2

after collision v1 after collision v2

Which collision is not elastic?

u1 / m s–1 u2 / m s–1 v1 / m s–1 v2 / m s–1

A 2 –5 –5 –2
B 3 –3 0 6
C 3 –2 1 6
D 5 2 3 6
9702/12/O/N/16/Q8

78 The graph shows the vertical velocity of a parachutist during the first 20 s of her jump.

60
velocity
/ m s–1

40

20

0
0 5 10 15 20
time / s

Approximately how far does she fall before opening the parachute?

A 390 m B 570 m C 710 m D 770 m

9702/12/O/N/16/Q11

79 Two frictionless trolleys are moving towards each other along the same horizontal straight line.
Their masses and velocities are shown.

1.0 m s–1 4.0 m s–1

2.0 kg 3.0 kg

The trolleys collide and stick together.

What is the velocity of the trolleys after the collision?

A 2.0 m s–1 to the left

B 2.0 m s–1 to the right
C 2.8 m s–1 to the left
D 2.8 m s–1 to the right

9702/12/O/N/16/Q12

80 A bullet of mass 8.0 g travels at a speed of 300 m s . The bullet hits a target and stops after a
time of 100 µs.

What is the average force exerted by the target on the bullet?

A 24 N B 240 N C 2400 N D 24 000 N

–1
9702/12/O/N/16/Q13

81 A light ball is falling vertically through air.

The variation with time t of the resistive force FR acting on the ball is shown.

FR

0
t1 t2 time t

At which times are the speed of the ball zero, the speed at a maximum and the acceleration
zero?

zero maximum zero

speed speed acceleration

A t1 t2 t1
B t1 t2 t2
C t2 t1 t1
D t2 t1 t2

9702/12/O/N/16/Q14

82 Which diagram best shows the forces acting on a ball falling at a constant velocity through a
liquid?

A B C D

upthrust viscous viscous upthrust

drag drag
upthrust viscous
drag

weight weight weight weight

9702/11/O/N/17/Q8

83 The three forces acting on a hot-air balloon that is moving vertically are its weight, the force due
to air resistance and the upthrust force.

The hot-air balloon descends vertically at constant speed. The force of air resistance on the
balloon is F.

Which weight of material must be released from the balloon so that it ascends vertically at the
same constant speed?

A F B 2F C 3F D 4F
9702/11/O/N/17/Q9

84 A car is moving at constant speed in a straight line with the engine providing a driving force equal
to the resistive force F.

When the engine is switched off, the car is brought to rest in a distance of 100 m by the resistive
force.

It may be assumed that F is constant during the deceleration.

The process is then repeated for the same car with the same initial speed but with a constant
resistive force of 0.800 F.

How far will the car travel while decelerating?

A 120 m B 125 m C 156 m D 250 m

9702/11/O/N/17/Q10

85 What is a statement of the principle of conservation of momentum?

A In an elastic collision momentum is constant.

B Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.
C The force acting on a body is proportional to its rate of change of momentum.
D The momentum of an isolated system is constant.

9702/11/O/N/17/Q11

86 Two solid spheres form an isolated system. Sphere X moves with speed 6 cm s–1 in a straight line
directly towards a stationary sphere Y, as shown.

sphere X sphere Y
6 cm s–1

The spheres have a perfectly elastic collision. After the collision, sphere X moves with speed
2 cm s–1 in the same direction as before the collision.

What is the speed of sphere Y?

A 2 cm s–1 B 4 cm s–1 C 6 cm s–1 D 8 cm s–1

9702/12/O/N/17/Q8

87 A stone is released from rest and falls a long distance in air.

Which graph could show the variation with time t of the acceleration a of the stone?

A B
a a

0 0
0 t 0 t

C D
a a

0 0
0 t 0 t

9702/12/O/N/17/Q9

88 A slow vehicle and a fast vehicle travel towards each other in a straight line and then collide.

Which outcome is never possible, regardless of the masses of the vehicles?

A Both vehicles stop.

B Only one vehicle stops.
C The fast vehicle’s speed increases.
D The slow vehicle’s speed increases.
9702/12/O/N/17/Q10

89 Two blocks of masses M and m are joined by a thin string which passes over a frictionless pulley,
as shown.

pulley

a string
M

m a

The acceleration of free fall is g.

What is the acceleration a of the two blocks?

(M + m) (M – m) M m
A g B g C g D g
(M – m) (M + m) m M
9702/13/O/N/17/Q6

90 A football falls from the top of a tall building.

Which graph best represents the way in which the distance x fallen varies with time t ?

A B C D

x x x x

0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
9702/13/O/N/17/Q8

91 A man stands in a lift that is accelerating vertically downwards, as shown.

lift

acceleration

Which statement describes the force exerted by the man on the floor?

A It is equal to the weight of the man.

B It is greater than the force exerted by the floor on the man.
C It is less than the force exerted by the floor on the man.
D It is less than the weight of the man.

9702/13/O/N/17/Q9

92 A snooker ball of mass 200 g hits the cushion of a snooker table at right-angles with a speed of
14.0 m s–1.

The ball rebounds with half of its initial speed. The ball is in contact with the cushion for 0.60 s.

velocity velocity
14.0 m s–1 cushion 7.0 m s–1
ball of
mass 200 g

before after

What is the average force exerted on the ball by the cushion?

A 2.3 N B 7.0 N C 2300 N D 7000 N

9702/13/O/N/17/Q10

93 Two railway trucks of masses m and 3m move towards each other in opposite directions with
speeds 2v and v respectively. These trucks collide and stick together.

What is the speed of the trucks after the collision?

A v B v C v D 5v
4 2 4
9702/13/O/N/17/Q13

94 A solid sphere falls at constant (terminal) velocity in a liquid. The three forces acting on the
sphere are shown in the diagram.

upthrust U

drag D

not to scale

weight W

How are the three forces related?

A W+D=U
B W>U+D
C W–U=D
D W<D+U
9702/11/O/N/18/Q7

95 Water is pumped through a hose-pipe at a rate of 90 kg per minute. Water emerges horizontally
from the hose-pipe with a speed of 20 m s–1.

What is the minimum force required from a person holding the hose-pipe to prevent it moving
backwards?

A 30 N B 270 N C 1800 N D 108 000 N

9702/11/O/N/18/Q8

96 A ball of mass m is thrown vertically into the air. When the ball has speed v, the air resistance
acting on the ball is F.

What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the ball when its speed is v as it rises and as it falls?

acceleration when acceleration when

ball is rising ball is falling

A g– F g– F
m m

B g– F g+ F
m m

C g+ F g– F
m m

D g+ F g+ F
m m

9702/11/O/N/18/Q9

97 What is a statement of the principle of conservation of momentum?

A A force is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the body upon which it acts.
B In a perfectly elastic collision, the relative momentum of the bodies before impact is equal to
their relative momentum after impact.
C The momentum of a body is the product of the mass of the body and its velocity.
D The total momentum of a system of interacting bodies remains constant, providing no
resultant external force acts on the system.
9702/12/O/N/18/Q7

98 A resultant force of 10 N acts on a body for a time of 2.0 s.

Which graph could show the variation with time t of the momentum p of the body?

20
p / kg m s
–1

15
A
10 B
C
5 D

0
0 1.0 2.0
t/s

9702/12/O/N/18/Q8

99 The acceleration of free fall on the surface of planet P is one tenth of that on the surface of
planet Q.

On the surface of P, a body has a mass of 1.0 kg and a weight of 1.0 N.

What are the mass and the weight of the same body on the surface of planet Q?

mass on Q / kg weight on Q / N

A 1.0 0.1
B 1.0 10
C 10 10
D 10 100

9702/12/O/N/18/Q9

100 Two bodies travelling along the same straight line collide in a perfectly elastic collision.

Which statement must be correct?

A The initial speed of one body will be the same as the final speed of the other body.
B The relative speed of approach between the two bodies equals their relative speed of
separation.
C The total momentum is conserved but the total kinetic energy will be reduced.
D One of the bodies will be stationary at one instant.
9702/12/O/N/18/Q10

101 The diagram shows two identical spheres X and Y.

X Y

Initially, X moves with speed v directly towards Y. Y is stationary. The spheres collide elastically.

What happens?

X Y
1 1
A moves with speed 2 v to the right moves with speed 2 v to the right
B moves with speed v to the left remains stationary
1 1
C moves with speed 2 v to the left moves with speed 2 v to the right
D stops moves with speed v to the right
9702/13/O/N/18/Q7

102 Two isolated spheres have masses 2.0 kg and 4.0 kg. The spheres collide and then move apart.

During the collision, the 2.0 kg mass has an average acceleration of 8.0 m s–2.

What is the average acceleration of the 4.0 kg mass?

A 2.0 m s–2 B 4.0 m s–2 C 8.0 m s–2 D 16 m s–2

9702/13/O/N/18/Q11

103 A rigid, hollow sphere is immersed deep in water and released from rest. It experiences an
upthrust which propels it towards the surface of the water.

Which graph best shows the variation with time t of its upward velocity v?

A B
v v

0 0
0 t 0 t

C D
v v

0 0
0 t 0 t
9702/11/O/N/19/Q6

104 The velocity-time graph for an object of mass 2.5 kg is shown.

12.0
velocity
/ m s–1 10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
0 5.0 10.0 15.0
time / s

What is the resultant force acting on the object?

A 0.60 N B 0.80 N C 1.5 N D 2.0 N

9702/11/O/N/19/Q7

105 Which statement follows directly from Newton’s first law?

A A body remains at constant velocity unless acted upon by a resultant force.

B A satellite in circular motion about the Earth has a constant velocity.
C A water drop leaving a spinning umbrella travels at a constant velocity.
D The force acting on an object is equal to its change in momentum.

9702/11/O/N/19/Q8

106 A resultant force causes an object to accelerate.

What is equal to the resultant force?

A the acceleration of the object per unit mass

B the change in kinetic energy of the object per unit time
C the change in momentum of the object per unit time
D the change in velocity of the object per unit time

9702/11/O/N/19/Q9

107 A skydiver falls from an aircraft that is moving horizontally.

The vertical component of the velocity of the skydiver is v.

The vertical component of the acceleration of the skydiver is a.

Which row describes v and a during the first few seconds after the skydiver leaves the aircraft?

v a

A constant constant
B constant decreasing
C increasing constant
D increasing decreasing
9702/11/O/N/19/Q10

108 Two gliders are travelling towards each other on a horizontal air track. Glider P has mass 0.30 kg
and is moving with a constant speed of 1.2 m s–1. Glider Q has mass 0.60 kg and is moving with a
constant speed of 1.8 m s–1.

1.2 m s–1 1.8 m s–1

air

air
glider P track glider Q
mass 0.30 kg mass 0.60 kg

The gliders have a perfectly elastic collision.

What are the speeds of the two gliders after the collision?

speed of P speed of Q
/ m s–1 / m s–1

A 1.2 0.6
B 2.0 1.4
C 2.8 0.2
D 3.6 0.6
9702/12/O/N/19/Q7

109 A snooker ball has a mass of 200 g. It hits the cushion of a snooker table and rebounds along its
original path.

The ball arrives at the cushion with a speed of 14.0 m s–1 and then leaves it with a speed of
7.0 m s–1. The ball and the cushion are in contact for a time of 0.60 s.

What is the average force exerted on the ball by the cushion?

A 1.4 N B 2.3 N C 4.2 N D 7.0 N

9702/12/O/N/19/Q8

110 A tennis ball is released from rest at time t = 0 and falls through air for a long time.

Which graph of its displacement s against time t best represents the motion of the ball?

A B C D

s s s s

0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
9702/12/O/N/19/Q9

111 The space probe Rosetta was designed to investigate a comet. The probe consisted of an orbiter
and a lander. The orbiter had a mass of 170 kg and the lander had a mass of 100 kg. When the
two parts separated, the lander was pushed towards the surface of the comet so that its change
in velocity towards the comet was 3.0 m s–1.

orbiter
mass 170 kg

lander
mass 100 kg

3.0 m s–1

Assume that the orbiter and lander were an isolated system.

The orbiter moved away from the comet during the separation.

What was the change in the speed of the orbiter?

A 1.8 m s–1 B 2.3 m s–1 C 3.0 m s–1 D 5.1 m s–1

9702/13/O/N/19/Q7

112 A box rests on the Earth, as shown.

Newton’s third law describes how forces of the same type act in pairs. One of the forces of a pair
is the weight W of the box.

Which arrow represents the other force of this pair?

box
D
not to
W scale
C
A
Earth
9702/13/O/N/19/Q8

113 A snowflake is falling from the sky on a still day. Its weight acts vertically downwards and air
resistance acts vertically upwards. As the snowflake falls, air resistance increases until it is equal
to the weight and there is no resultant force acting on the snowflake.

air resistance

weight

When the forces become equal, which statement is correct?

A The snowflake accelerates.

B The snowflake decelerates.
C The snowflake is stationary.
D The snowflake moves at a constant velocity.

9702/13/O/N/19/Q9

114 Two objects X and Y in an isolated system undergo a perfectly elastic collision. The velocities of
the objects before and after the collision are shown.

20 m s–1 12 m s–1 10 m s–1 v

X Y X Y

before after
collision collision

What is the speed v of Y after the collision?

A 2.0 m s–1 B 18 m s–1 C 22 m s–1 D 24 m s–1

9702/13/O/N/19/Q10

115 A solid sphere, which is less dense than water, is held completely immersed in water a few
metres below the surface. The density of the water is uniform.

The sphere is released. Immediately after release, the sphere rises.

Which row correctly describes the changes in the upthrust on the sphere and the resultant force
on the sphere?

upthrust on resultant force

the sphere on the sphere

A constant increasing
B constant decreasing
C decreasing increasing
D decreasing decreasing
9702/11/O/N/20/Q8

116 The graph shows how quantity P varies with quantity Q for an object falling in air for a long time in
a uniform gravitational field.

0
0 Q

What could be the identities of P and Q?

P Q

A force of air resistance acceleration

B kinetic energy time
C potential energy height
D work done against air resistance speed

9702/11/O/N/20/Q9

117 A rock R of mass 1.0  1027 kg is a large distance from a star S and is travelling at a speed of
1.0  104 m s–1. The star has mass 1.0  1030 kg. The rock travels around the star on the path
shown so that it reverses its direction of motion and, when finally again a large distance from the
star, has the same speed as initially.

speed 1.0
104 m s–1

mass 1.0
1027 kg S mass 1.0
1030 kg
X

speed 1.0
104 m s–1

Which statement is correct?

A The change in the momentum of S is in the direction of arrow X.

B The change in the velocity of S is approximately 20 m s–1.
C The magnitude of the change of momentum of R is 103 times greater than the magnitude of
the change of momentum of S.
D The momentum of R does not change.
9702/11/O/N/20/Q10

118 The diagram shows the masses and velocities of two trolleys that are about to collide.

4.0 m s–1 1.0 m s–1

2.0 kg 4.0 kg

After the impact they move off together.

What is the kinetic energy lost in the collision?

A 4J B 6J C 12 J D 14 J
9702/11/O/N/20/Q13

119 A ball is rolling down a slope at a constant speed. The three forces acting on the ball are its
weight, the contact force normal to the slope and friction.

ball

Which diagram could represent these three forces?

A B C D
9702/12/O/N/20/Q7

120 A mass of 5.0 kg is released from rest on a frictionless surface inclined at 30 to the horizontal. Air
resistance is negligible.

mass 5.0 kg

frictionless
surface

30°
horizontal

How far does the mass travel in a time of 0.80 s?

A 1.6 m B 2.0 m C 2.7 m D 3.1 m

9702/12/O/N/20/Q8

121 What is not a statement of one of Newton’s laws of motion?

A If body X exerts a force on body Y, body Y exerts an equal and opposite force on body X.
B If no resultant force acts on a body it has constant velocity.
C The rate of change of momentum of a body is proportional to the resultant force acting on it
and takes place in the direction of the force.
D The total momentum of a system of interacting bodies is constant if there is no external force.
9702/12/O/N/20/Q9

122 An object falls from a tall building.

The graph shows how the velocity of the object changes with time t.

velocity

0
0 Y Z t

The acceleration of free fall is g.

What describes the acceleration of the object at times t = Y and t = Z?

acceleration acceleration
at t = Y at t = Z

A decreasing g
B decreasing 0
C constant g
D constant 0

9702/12/O/N/20/Q10
123 Two balls, one of mass 2m and one of mass m, collide.

The diagrams show the initial and final velocities of the balls.

Which collision is not elastic?

before collision after collision

2m m 2m m
A 4.0 m s–1 1.0 m s–1 2.0 m s–1 5.0 m s–1

2m m 2m m
B 6.0 m s–1 3.0 m s–1 4.0 m s–1 7.0 m s–1

2m m 2m m
C 8.0 m s–1 2.0 m s–1 5.0 m s–1 8.0 m s–1

2m m 2m m
D 10.0 m s–1 4.0 m s–1 6.0 m s–1 12.0 m s–1
9702/12/O/N/20/Q11

124 The diagram shows a ‘ballistic pendulum’.

block
pellet
M m

A pellet of mass m travelling at a speed u hits a stationary block of mass M. The pellet becomes
embedded in the block and causes the block to move at a speed v immediately after the impact.

When a pellet of mass 2m, travelling at a speed 2u, hits a block of mass 2M, what is the speed of
the block immediately after the impact? (Neglect the small increase in the mass of the block as
the pellet’s mass is added during the collision.)

A v B v 2 C 2v D 4v
9702/13/O/N/20/Q8

125 A device for spraying paint consists of a box with its axes horizontal and vertical. One of its
vertical faces contains small holes. Paint is fed into the box under pressure via a vertical tube and
exits through the holes as fine streams moving horizontally.

paint in

paint out through holes

(only a few holes are shown)

The paint is ejected at a speed of 2.5 m s–1 through 400 holes, each of area 0.4 mm2. The density
of the paint is 900 kg m–3.

What is the horizontal force required to hold the device stationary as it ejects the paint?

A 0.36 N B 0.90 N C 2.3 N D 900 N

9702/13/O/N/20/Q9

126 A party balloon is filled with air and held stationary at a height of several metres above the
ground. The balloon is then dropped in still air.

Which statement describes the motion of the balloon from the moment of release until just before
it hits the floor?

A The balloon decelerates continuously.

B The balloon falls at a constant speed and then decelerates.
C The balloon falls at a constant speed.
D The balloon initially accelerates and then reaches a constant speed.

9702/13/O/N/20/Q10

127 An object of mass m travelling with speed 5u collides with, and sticks to, an object of mass 5m
travelling in the same direction with speed u.

5u u

m 5m

What is the speed with which the two objects travel together in the original direction?

A 3 u B u C 6u D 10 u
10 5 6
9702/13/O/N/20/Q11

128 An air bubble is rising through a liquid at a constant speed. The forces on it are the upthrust U,
the viscous drag V and its weight W.

Which diagram shows the directions and relative sizes of the forces?

A B C D

U U U
U
V

W W
V V
W
V
W
9702/11/O/N/21/Q8

129 A constant resultant force acts on an object in the direction of the object’s velocity.

Which graph could show the variation with time t of the momentum p of the object?

A B

p p

0 0
0 t 0 t

C D

p p

0 0
0 t 0 t

9702/11/O/N/21/Q9

130 Which statement must be true for an object in a gravitational field?

A If the object has mass then the field causes it to accelerate.

B If the object has mass then the field causes it to have weight.
C If the object has weight then the field causes it to accelerate.
D If the object has weight then the field causes it to have mass.
9702/11/O/N/21/Q10

131 A ball of mass 0.16 kg is travelling horizontally at a speed of 20 m s–1.

It collides with a wall and rebounds with a speed of 15 m s–1 along its original path. The ball is in
contact with the wall for a time of 1.0 ms.

What is the average force exerted by the wall on the ball?

A 800 N B 2400 N C 3200 N D 5600 N

9702/12/O/N/21/Q8

132 What is meant by the mass of an object?

A the property of the object that resists a change in motion

B the pull of the Earth on the object
C the total number of atoms in the object
D the weight of the object
9702/12/O/N/21/Q9

133 The diagram shows two parachutists, X and Y, moving vertically downwards.

X Y

The total mass of parachutist Y and his parachute is twice the total mass of parachutist X and his
parachute. At this moment, the air resistance on parachute Y is twice the air resistance on
parachute X. Neither parachutist has reached his constant (terminal) velocity.

Which statement describes the acceleration of Y compared with the acceleration of X?

A The acceleration of Y is half the acceleration of X.

B The acceleration of Y is the same as the acceleration of X.
C The acceleration of Y is more than the acceleration of X, but less than twice the value.
D The acceleration of Y is twice the acceleration of X.

9702/12/O/N/21/Q10

134 The table shows four different collisions between two blocks, each of mass 0.50 kg.

Which collision is perfectly elastic?

before collision after collision

4.0 m s–1 0.0 m s–1 2.0 m s–1
A
0.50 kg 0.50 kg 0.50 kg 0.50 kg

2.0 m s–1 2.0 m s–1 0.0 m s–1

B
0.50 kg 0.50 kg 0.50 kg 0.50 kg

2.0 m s–1 1.0 m s–1 2.0 m s–1 3.0 m s–1

C
0.50 kg 0.50 kg 0.50 kg 0.50 kg

4.0 m s–1 1.0 m s–1 1.0 m s–1 4.0 m s–1

D
0.50 kg 0.50 kg 0.50 kg 0.50 kg
9702/13/O/N/21/Q8

135 Water is pumped through a hose-pipe at a rate of 90 kg per minute. Water emerges horizontally
from the hose-pipe with a speed of 20 m s–1.

What is the minimum force required from a person holding the hose-pipe to prevent it moving
backwards?

A 30 N B 270 N C 1800 N D 110 000 N

9702/13/O/N/21/Q9

136 A skydiver leaves a stationary balloon and falls vertically through a long distance.

Which graph best represents the variation of the acceleration a of the skydiver with the distance s
travelled as she falls through the air?

A B

a a

0 0
0 s 0 s

C D

a a

0 0
0 s 0 s

9702/13/O/N/21/Q10

137 The diagram shows two spheres approaching each other head-on. Each sphere has speed u.
One sphere has mass 2m and the other has mass m.

2m m
u u

Which diagram shows the result of a perfectly elastic collision?

A B

2m m 2m m
u 5u u 2u
3 3 6 3

C D

2m m 2m m
u 2u u
6 3 3

the spheres stick together

9702/13/O/N/21/Q11

138 A spherical object falls through water at a constant speed. Three forces act on the object.

Which diagram, showing these three forces to scale, is correct?

A B C D
9702/11/O/N/22/Q6

139 The graph shows the vertical velocity of a parachutist during the first 20 s of her jump.

60
velocity
/ m s–1

40

20

0
0 5 10 15 20
time / s

Approximately how far does she fall before opening the parachute?

A 390 m B 570 m C 710 m D 770 m

 9702/11/O/N/22/Q7

140 What is the definition of linear momentum?

A force per unit time

B product of force and time
C product of velocity and mass
D velocity per unit mass

9702/11/O/N/22/Q8

141 A mass of 0.20 kg is suspended from the lower end of a light spring. A second mass of 0.10 kg is
suspended from the first mass by a thread. The arrangement is allowed to come into static
equilibrium and then the thread is cut.

spring

0.20 kg
thread

0.10 kg

Immediately after the thread is cut, what is the upward acceleration of the 0.20 kg mass?

A 4.9 m s–2 B 6.5 m s–2 C 9.8 m s–2 D 15 m s–2

9702/11/O/N/22/Q9

142 A snowflake and a raindrop are in still air. They both fall from rest at the same time and from the
same height, far above the ground.

The snowflake and raindrop contain the same mass of water. Assume that there is no
evaporation or melting. Also assume that, for a given speed, the drag force acting on the
snowflake is greater than the drag force acting on the raindrop.

Which statement about the snowflake and raindrop is correct?

A The raindrop takes more time than the snowflake to reach terminal velocity.
B The raindrop takes more time than the snowflake to reach the ground.
C They reach the same terminal velocity.
D They take the same amount of time to reach the ground.
9702/11/O/N/22/Q10

143 Two trolleys are held together on a horizontal surface with a compressed spring between them.

2 kg
1 kg

When they are released, the trolleys lose contact with the spring. The trolley of mass 2 kg moves
to the left at a final speed of 2 m s–1.

How much elastic potential energy was stored in the spring?

A 4J B 6J C 8J D 12 J
9702/12/O/N/22/Q8

144 A constant resultant force F acts on an object of mass m for time t.

What is the change in momentum of the object?

F Ft F
A B C Ft D
t m mt

9702/12/O/N/22/Q9

145 The acceleration of free fall on the surface of planet P is one-tenth of that on the surface of
planet Q.

On the surface of P, an object has a mass of 1.0 kg and a weight of 1.0 N.

What are the mass and the weight of the same object on the surface of planet Q?

mass on Q / kg weight on Q / N

A 1.0 0.1
B 1.0 10
C 10 10
D 10 100

9702/12/O/N/22/Q10

146 A parachutist falls from rest from a balloon. The variation with time of the vertical velocity of the
parachutist is shown.

In which region is the force due to air resistance much greater than the weight of the parachutist?

vertical B
velocity

C
A

0
0 time
9702/12/O/N/22/Q11

147 Two solid spheres form an isolated system. Sphere X moves with speed 6 cm s–1 in a straight line
directly towards a stationary sphere Y, as shown.

sphere X sphere Y
–1
6 cm s

The spheres have a perfectly elastic collision. After the collision, sphere X moves with speed
2 cm s–1 in the same direction as before the collision.

What is the speed of sphere Y?

A 2 cm s–1 B 4 cm s–1 C 6 cm s–1 D 8 cm s–1

 9702/13/O/N/22/Q7

148 A cyclist in still air pedals as hard as she can. She reaches a maximum speed. However, after a
certain time her maximum speed increases.

What could be a possible cause for this?

A She cycles into a wind.

B She cycles over rougher ground.
C She sits more upright on the bicycle.
D She starts to travel downhill.

9702/13/O/N/22/Q8

149 A ball of mass 0.5 kg hits a vertical wall at a speed of 12 m s–1. It bounces back along its original
path with a speed of 8 m s–1. The collision lasts for 0.10 s.

12 m s–1

8 m s–1

What is the average force on the ball due to the collision?

A 0.2 N B 1N C 20 N D 100 N
9702/13/O/N/22/Q9

150 An air bubble in a tank of water is rising with terminal (constant) velocity. The forces acting on the
bubble are X, Y and Z, as shown.

velocity
air bubble

The upthrust on the bubble is X.

Which statement about the forces is correct?

A Z is the viscous force on the bubble, Y is the weight of the bubble and X = Y + Z.
B Z is the viscous force on the bubble, Y is the weight of the bubble and X > Y + Z.
C Z is the weight of the bubble, Y is the viscous force on the bubble and X = Y + Z.
D Z is the weight of the bubble, Y is the viscous force on the bubble and X > Y + Z.
9702/13/O/N/22/Q10

151 Two blocks are at rest on a frictionless horizontal surface. One block is made of wood and the
other block is made of steel.

A steel ball is fired horizontally with a speed v at the wooden block. The ball embeds itself in the
block, and the ball and block move together after impact.

A second identical steel ball is fired horizontally with speed v at the steel block. The steel ball
v
then rebounds back along its original path with speed .
2

before impact after impact

v
wood wood

v
v 2
steel steel

The wooden block and the steel block have equal mass.

Which statement about the blocks immediately after the collisions is correct?

A Both blocks must travel with the same speed.

B The steel block must travel faster than the wooden block.
C The wooden block must travel faster than the steel block.
D The masses of the blocks and the steel ball are needed to determine which block travels
faster.