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Psychology Chapter 8 Study Guide

The document is a review guide for AP Psychology Chapter 8, covering key concepts such as intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation, respondent vs. operant behavior, and reinforcement schedules. It includes questions on biological predispositions, the overjustification effect, latent learning, and the principles of operant conditioning. Additionally, it provides exercises for identifying reinforcement schedules and conditioning types in various scenarios.

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5 views

Psychology Chapter 8 Study Guide

The document is a review guide for AP Psychology Chapter 8, covering key concepts such as intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation, respondent vs. operant behavior, and reinforcement schedules. It includes questions on biological predispositions, the overjustification effect, latent learning, and the principles of operant conditioning. Additionally, it provides exercises for identifying reinforcement schedules and conditioning types in various scenarios.

Uploaded by

ziongd2008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Polsen

Date: 12/13/2024 Period: 2a

AP Psychology: Chapter 8 Review

1. Explain the difference between:


a. intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

b. respondent and operant behavior.

c. continuous and partial reinforcement.

2. Provide an example of how biological predispositions can constrain one’s capacity for operant
conditioning.

3. What is the overjustification effect?

4. Give an example of latent learning.

5. When does each of the following take place?


a. acquisition

b. extinction

c. spontaneous recovery

6. Provide an example of a cognitive map that you use.

7. What are the controversies of punishment?

8. How do taste aversions relate to classical conditioning?

9. How do mirror neurons relate to observational learning?

10. How has computer-assisted learning used the principles of operant conditioning in teaching
students?

11. What is one major critique behind the theories of behaviorism (classical and operant
conditioning)?
12. Define each of the following.
a. fixed-interval schedule

b. variable-interval schedule

c. fixed-ratio schedule.

d. variable-ratio schedule
Instructions:

To determine the schedule of reinforcement being used, ask yourself: Is time the major factor
that causes a favorable outcome (reinforcement), or is it repetition of responses?

If the time or the needed repetition of responses is constant or patterned, it is fixed; if the time or
repetition of response is random or intermittent, it’s variable.

Write fixed interval (FI), fixed ratio (FR), variable interval (VI), or variable ratio (VR) on the
space provided to the left of each example.

13. __ __________ paid 10 dollars for every 20 puzzles solved.


14. __ _____________ studying for a class that has surprise quizzes.
15. ___ _____________ Slot machines are based on this schedule.
16. ___ ___________ trolling for fish in a lake in the summer
17. ___ _______ speed traps on highways
18. ____ ________ selling a product door to door.
19. ________ ______ getting the clothes out of the dryer once it buzzes.
20. _ ______________ going up a staircase to reach a landing with a nice view.
21. ______ __________ doing 20 pushups to help stay fit.
22. ___ __________ playing Bingo.
23. _____ __________ getting a paycheck at the end of two weeks.
24. ______ __________ random drug testing
25. ___ _____________ a strike in bowling
26. ________ _______ calling your mechanic to see if your car is fixed yet.
27. _______ _________ frequent flyer program in which one gets a free flight after a specific
number of miles have been flown.
28. _____ ___________ child screams and cries in a store to get what he wants; every so often, it
works.
29. _________ ______ child who likes to hear theme music from Jeopardy every night at 7pm
30. _________________ trying to find a parking spot in metropolis with a meter that works.
31. ______ __________ wife watching a boxing match with her husband; receives a kiss from
husband at the end of every three-minute round.
32. _________ _______ waiting for a sunny day to go to the beach.
33. _______ _______ surfer waiting for the perfect tide to come in.
34. _______ ________ looking under rocks for worms.
Instructions:

For each of the following learning situations, indicate whether classical or operant conditioning
best applies. Then, follow the appropriate instructions below.

 If you decide that the situation is an example of classical conditioning, you should label
the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR.

 If you decide the situation is an example of operant conditioning, you should decide
which of the following principles most applies positive reinforcement, negative
reinforcement, positive punishment, or negative punishment.

35. A very bright, and mildly painful, light is turned onto a rat. The rat has learned that he can turn
off the light by pressing a lever on the other side of his cage. As soon as the lights come on, the
rat runs across the room and presses the lever.

36. When a mother strokes her infant’s skin, the stroking creates pleasure responses in the baby.
After this goes on for many days, the baby begins to show pleasure responses simply at the
sight of her mother, even before being touched.

37. A patient in a mental hospital is very disruptive at mealtimes. She grabs food from the plates of
those sitting near her and tries to cram the food into her mouth. Because this behavior of
stealing food is very undesirable, a plan is developed whereby every time the patient steals
food from other plates, she is immediately taken to a room without food.

Operant Conditioning

38. Imagine that you have a friend who keeps the temperature in her home so high that each
occasion on which you visit her you find yourself perspiring. The last time you visited her, you
noticed that you began to perspire and became uncomfortable as soon as you saw her house,
even before you got inside.

39. Fred leaves his clothes and toys all over his room. It seems that the only time he cleans up his room is
when his mother yells at him. When she yells at him, Fred picks up his clothes and puts away toys.

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