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Sheet7 Heat

The document is a heat transfer assignment for a mechanical engineering course, covering forced convection, internal flow in tubes, external flow over cylinders and spheres, and natural convection. It includes various problems related to heat transfer calculations involving fluids, surfaces, and different conditions. The problems require determining drag forces, heat loss rates, heat transfer coefficients, and other related thermal properties.

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16 views

Sheet7 Heat

The document is a heat transfer assignment for a mechanical engineering course, covering forced convection, internal flow in tubes, external flow over cylinders and spheres, and natural convection. It includes various problems related to heat transfer calculations involving fluids, surfaces, and different conditions. The problems require determining drag forces, heat loss rates, heat transfer coefficients, and other related thermal properties.

Uploaded by

omarwezza84
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME-231 Heat Transfer(1) - Spring 2021/2022

Sheet (7)
Forced Convection Heat Transfer

I-External Flow Over Flat plate:


1- Engine oil at 80°C flows over a 6-m-long flat plate whose temperature is 30°C
with a velocity of 3 m/s. Determine the total drag force and the rate of heat
transfer over the entire plate per unit width.

2- During a cold winter day, wind at 55 km/h is blowing parallel to a 4-m-high and
10-m-long wall of a house. If the air outside is at 5°C and the surface
temperature of the wall is 12°C, determine the rate of heat loss from that wall by
convection. What would your answer be if the wind velocity was doubled?

3- Consider a hot automotive engine, which can be approximated as a 0.5


m-high, 0.40-m-wide, and 0.8-m-long rectangular block. The bottom surface
of the block is at a temperature of 80°C and has an emissivity of 0.95. The
ambient air is at 20°C, and the road surface is at 25°C.
Determine the rate of heat transfer from the bottom surface of the engine
block by convection and radiation, as the car travels at a velocity of 80
km/h. Assume the flow to be turbulent over the entire surface because of
the constant agitation of the engine block.

1
II-Internal Flow inside Tubes :

4- Cooling water available at 10°C is used to condense steam at 30°C in the


condenser of a power plant at a rate of 0.15 kg/s by circulating the cooling water
through a bank of 5-m-long 1.2-cm-internal-diameter thin copper tubes. Water
enters the tubes at a mean velocity of 4 m/s, and leaves at a temperature of
24°C. The tubes are nearly isothermal at 30°C. Determine the average heat
transfer coefficient between the water and the tubes, and the number of tubes
needed to achieve the indicated heat transfer rate in the condenser.

Steam, 30C

24C
Water
10C D = 1.2 cm
4 m/s

L=5m

5- Water flows through a tube of 50 mm diameter. Determine the flow rate that
will result in a Reynolds number of 1600. If the tube receives heat at a rate of 800
W/m length of tube. Determine the average heat transfer coefficient between the
water and the tube wall.

6- If the water temperature in problem (5) is 50 °C at a point where the


temperature profile is fully established, estimate the distance from this point for
the bulk temperature to become 100 °C.

III-External Flow over cylinders and spheres and across tube


banks:

7- Air at atmospheric pressure and 20 oC flows across a bank of tubes 12 rows


and 6 rows deep at a velocity of 10 m/s measured upstream of the tubes. The
surface of the tubes is maintained at 100 oC. The diameter of the tubes is 26 mm,
and the tubes are arranged in a staggered fashion.
The centers of the tubes from corners of an equilateral triangle of sides 45 mm.
Calculate the total heat transfer rate if the tubes are 4m long.

2
8- Combustion air in a manufacturing facility is to be preheated before entering a
furnace by hot water at 90ºC flowing through the tubes of a tube bank located in
a duct. Air enters the duct at 15ºC and 1 atm with a mean velocity of 3.8 m/s, and
flows over the tubes in normal direction. The outer diameter of the tubes is 2.1
cm, and the tubes are arranged in-line with longitudinal and transverse pitches of
SL = ST =5 cm. There are eight rows in the flow direction with eight tubes in each
row. Determine the rate of heat transfer per unit length.

9- Air is to be cooled in the evaporator section of a refrigerator by passing it over


a bank of 0.8-cm-outer-diameter and 0.4-m-long tubes inside which the
refrigerant is evaporating at - 20ºC. Air approaches the tube bank in the normal
direction at 0ºC and 1 atm with a mean velocity of 4 m/s. Thetubes are arranged
in-line with longitudinal and transverse pitches of SL =ST = 1.5 cm.
There are 30 rows in the flow direction with 15 tubes in each row.
Determine (a) the refrigeration capacity of this system and (b) and
pressure drop across the tube bank.

IV-Natural Convection:

3
10- A 400-W cylindrical resistance heater is 1 m long and 0.5 cm in diameter.
The resistance wire is placed horizontally in a fluid at 20°C. Determine the outer
surface temperature of the resistance wire in steady operation if the fluid is (a) air
and (b) water. Ignore any heat transfer by radiation. Use properties at 500°C for
air and 40°C for water.

11- Water is boiling in a 12-cm-deep pan with an outer diameter of 25 cm that is


placed on top of a stove. The ambient air and the surrounding surfaces are at a
temperature of 25°C, and the emissivity of the outer surface of the pan is 0.95.
Assuming the entire pan to be at an average temperature of 98°C.
determine the rate of heat loss from the cylindrical side surface of the pan to the
surroundings by (a) natural convection and (b) radiation. (c) If water is boiling at a
rate of 2 kg/h at 100°C.

Determine the ratio of the heat lost from the side surfaces of the pan to that by
the evaporation of water.

The heat of vaporization of water at 100°C is 2257 kJ/kg.

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