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Ch2-Gsm Network Architecture

The document provides an overview of GSM network architecture, detailing components such as the Mobile Station (MS), Base Station Subsystem (BSS), and Mobile Service Switching Center (MSC). It explains the roles of various elements like the Mobile Equipment (ME), Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), and databases such as HLR and VLR. Additionally, it covers the functions of the Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC) and the importance of equipment identity validation.

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19 views58 pages

Ch2-Gsm Network Architecture

The document provides an overview of GSM network architecture, detailing components such as the Mobile Station (MS), Base Station Subsystem (BSS), and Mobile Service Switching Center (MSC). It explains the roles of various elements like the Mobile Equipment (ME), Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), and databases such as HLR and VLR. Additionally, it covers the functions of the Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC) and the importance of equipment identity validation.

Uploaded by

husseinanwar112
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Copyright © 2018 Waleed Elsafoury

• GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE


-The Mobile station (MS)

Modes of MS

attached detached

idle active IMSI de. Implicit de.

registration Ongoing call

LA Updating Handover

paging Monitoring power & quality of its BTS

roaming Monitoring power of neighboring BTSs


-The Mobile station (MS)

1- Mobile equipment (ME)


➢it is the terminal used by user

➢Can be purchased from any store

➢Without SIM no calls can be made

➢It has an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)


2- Subscriber identity module (SIM)

An electronic microchip for storing information


2- Subscriber identity module (SIM)
2- Subscriber identity module (SIM)
-The base station subsystem (BSS)
1- The Base Transceiver station (BTS)

➢BS contains the RF transmission equipment

➢It performs

➢Power amplification
➢channel coding
➢ciphering
➢modulation
The Site:

The Shelter The Tower


 Base Transceiver station
 Base Transceiver station
 Base Transceiver station
Alarm
Board

Site
Controller
(HIISC)
Circuit
Breaker
Card
(CBC)

Power
Supply
CTU2
Units Cooling
(PSU) Fans
Power
Supply

Tx Blocks
 Microwave Transceiver
 Base Transceiver station
2- The base station controller (BSC)

-It carries out all control functions in the BSS as:

1. Paging

2. Channel allocation

3. power control

4. Handover
The base station controller (BSC)

Remote BTS

BTS

BTS
BSC

Co-located BTS
BSS Link configuration
- Cascade

BTS
BSC

BTS BTS

BTS BTS
BSS Link configuration
- loop

BTS
BSC

BTS BTS

BTS
BSS Link configuration
- Star

BTS BTS

BTS BTS

BTS
BSC
3- The transcoding and rate adaptation unit (TRAU)
- It is used for speech compression/decompression

- Also adaptation of data to the requirement of the air interface

64
16
13 64
16
64 MSC
BSC 16 VLR
16 16 16 16 64
16

TRAU
- The Mobile service switching center (MSC)
-It is an electronic computerized exchange provides the
interface between MS and the fixed network
-It will not contain any subscriber parameters
1. Switching

2. Charging

3. call routing

4. Communication with HLR and VLR

5. Communication with other MSCs

6. Control of connected BSCs


- The MSC is connected to:
1. HLR (Home location register)
2. VLR (Visitor location register)
3. AUC (Authentication Center)
4. EIR (Equipment identity register)
1. HLR (Home location register)
- The centralized database that stores and manages
all mobile subscription parameters

- HLR contains :
➢ Subscriber identification numbers (IMSI,MSISDN)

➢ Subscriber current location information (MSC/VLR)

➢ Subscriber authentication information

➢ Charging

➢ Billing method
1. HLR (Home location register)
2. VLR (Visitor location register)
- A temporary storage location for subscription
information for MSs which are within MSC service area

- VLR contains :
➢ Mobile status (free, busy,…etc)

➢ Temporary MS identity (TMSI)

➢ Temporary MS roaming number (MSRN)

➢ Location areas

➢ Supplementary service information


3. Authentication Center
- It is a processor system that performs the authentication function

AUC

IMSI
Ki
Database
RAND IMSI,Ki
Request for
Triplet from
A3 A8 HLR,VLR

Triplet
RAND SRES Kc
Triplet
3. Authentication center
4. EIR (Equipment identity register)
- As the subscriber and equipment are separate in GSM so we
use a separate authentication process for MS equipment

- EIR is a centralized database for validation of international


mobile equipment identity (IMEI)

- EIR contains 3 lists:


➢ White list (for valid MS equipment)
EIR
➢ Black list (for stolen or denied service MS)

➢ Gray list (for mal-performance MS


[e.g. faulty software] )
Black list White list

Gray list
3-The Operation and maintenance center (OMC):-

A-The Operation and Maintenance Center for Radio part (BSS) (OMC-R)

B-The Operation and Maintenance Center for switching parts (OMC-S)


The Operation and maintenance center (OMC)
- Geographic network areas
- Cell

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