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Cranial Nerves

The document provides an overview of cranial nerves, detailing their functional components, origins, and associated symptoms. It categorizes the nerves into sensory, motor, and both types, along with their specific functions and clinical implications. Additionally, it includes mnemonic aids for remembering the cranial nerves in order.

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Mikka Echols
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19 views13 pages

Cranial Nerves

The document provides an overview of cranial nerves, detailing their functional components, origins, and associated symptoms. It categorizes the nerves into sensory, motor, and both types, along with their specific functions and clinical implications. Additionally, it includes mnemonic aids for remembering the cranial nerves in order.

Uploaded by

Mikka Echols
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CRANIAL

NERVES AND
PATHWAYS
FUNCTIONAL
COMPONENTS

SOMATIC BRANCHIAL VISCERAL


EFFERENT EFFERENT EFFERENT
FIBERS FIBERS FIBERS

VISCERAL SOMATIC SPECIAL


AFFERENT AFFERENT SENSORY
FIBERS FIBERS FIBERS
CN I Olfactory Sensory
CN II Optic Sensory
CN III Oculomotor Motor
CN IV Trochlear Motor
CN V Trigeminal Both
CN VI Abducens Motor
CN VII Facial Both
CN VIII Vestibulocochlear Sensory
CN IX Glossopharyngeal Both
CN X Vagus Both
CN XI Accessory Motor
CN XII Hypoglossal Motor
CN I Oh Some
CN II Oh Say
CN III Oh Marry
CN IV To Money
CN V Touch But
CN VI And My
CN VII Feel Brother
CN VIII Very Says
CN IX Good Big
CN X Vagina Brains
CN XI Ah Matter
CN XII Heaven More
CN I CN II
OLFACTORY NERVE OPTIC NERVE

From the olfactory Arise from the ganglion


mucosa and olfactory cells in the retina
bulb
Relays visual information
9 to 15 on each side of to the cortex
the brain
Exit: Optic canal
Exit: Cribriform plate
Function: Vision
Function: Sense of smell
Symptoms: Visual
Symptoms: Anosmia impairment or blindness
CN III CN IV CN VI
OCULOMOTOR NERVE TROCHLEAR NERVE ABDUCENS NERVE

Arises from midbrain Arises from midbrain Arises from pons

Supplies most of eye ball Only crossed cranial Exits from the cranial
muscles nerve cavity via the superior
orbital fissure
Function: Eye movement Originates from
(elevation and trochlear nucleus Function: Eye movement
adduction) (abduction)
Function: Eye movement
Symptoms: Difficulty (superior oblique) Symptoms: Medial eye
moving the eye, ptosis, deviation (lateral rectus)
and dilated pupil Symptoms: Diplopia,
lateral deviation of the
eye
A. ACTION OF THE EXTERNAL EYE
MUSCLES

B. CONTROL OF OCULAR MUSCLE


MOVEMENTS
1. GAZE AND VERGENCE
CENTERS
2. CONTROL OF PUPILLARY SIZE
3. REFLEXES
3 BRANCHES
CN V
TRIGEMINAL NERVE
OPTHALMIC
Originates from pons &
midbrain

Large root: sensation


from the skin and
mucosa of head and face
Smaller root: innervates
chewing muscles and the
tensor tympani MAXILLARY

MANDIBULAR
CN VII CN VIII CN IX
FACIAL NERVE VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
NERVE NERVE

Originates from medulla


Originates from pons Arises from spiral and
vestibular ganglia in the
Contains several types of
Taste of anterior 2/3 of labyrinth of the inner ear
fibers
tongue
Function: Hearing,
Function: Taste,
Exits through the balance
sensation, innervation of
stylomastoid foramen
pharynx
Symptoms:
Innervates the muscles of Dysequillibrium,
Symptoms: Loss of taste
facial expression nystagmus, hearing
(posterior ⅓), loss of gag
difficulties
reflex
CN X CN XI CN XII
VAGUS NERVE ACCESSORY NERVE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE

Originates from medulla Originates from medulla Originates from medulla

Stimulates rest and SCM and trapezius Leaves the skull through
digest the hypoglossal canal
Function: Pharynx/larynx
Function: Swallowing & muscles, cranial branch Distributes motor
talking, respiration, taste overlaps with vagal branches
functions. Neck &
Symptoms: Dysphagia & shoulder movements Function: Tongue
hoarseness of voice, loss movement
of cough reflex, loss of Symptoms: Head
taste turning/shoulder Symptoms: Atrophy of
shrugging weakness the tongue muscles,
deviation on protrusion,
fasciculations

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