United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service

January 2025 Grain: World Markets and Trade

Russia Grain Export Quota to Curb Wheat Exports in 2025
Russia 2024/25 marketing year (Jul-Jun) wheat exports are lowered 1.0 million tons this month to
46.0 million. The world’s top exporter of wheat recently announced that its grain export quota for
the latter half of 2024/25 will be the smallest in 5 years. The export quota will be set at 10.6 million
tons from February 15 to June 30, 2025, and will prompt a severe decline in Russia’s wheat export
pace, indicating that supplies are quickly depleting.

Russia Grain Export Quota Russia Wheat Production and Exports

(Jul-Jun)

Apr 1 - Jun 30, 2020 100

90
Feb 15 - Jun 30, 2021 80
70

Million Metric Tons

60
Feb 15 - Jun 30, 2022
50
40
Feb 15 - Jun 30, 2023
30
20
Feb 15 - Jun 30, 2024
10
0
Feb 15 - Jun 30, 2025

0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Million Metric Tons Production Exports

Russia’s 2024/25 wheat crop is estimated at 81.5 million tons—a 10.0-million-ton decline from the
prior year. Russia also entered the season with smaller beginning stocks than 2023/24, resulting in
a 12-percent reduction in supplies year over year. Despite smaller supplies, Russia exported record
volumes during the first half of the marketing year. According to Rusagrotrans, Russia wheat
exports reached 29.4 million tons between July-December 2024, surpassing last season’s record of
27.7 million tons. Despite import restrictions from major trading partners – Kazakhstan, Pakistan,
and Turkey – Russian exporters took advantage of limited supplies from its competitor, the
European Union, to expand shipments to other markets.

Russia’s vigorous export pace has exhausted domestic supplies. According to SovEcon, Russia’s
December 1 on-farm wheat stocks were 25 percent lower than the prior year. In order to maintain
domestic supplies and curb food price inflation, the Russian government applies a grain export
quota for the final portion of the marketing year and a weekly floating export tax on wheat. These
restrictive measures have been regularly implemented since 2020, but the export quota for 2025 is
extraordinarily low compared to 2024/25 production.

The quota will prompt a slowdown in Russian exports beginning in February. Major importers Egypt,
Turkey, Bangladesh, Algeria, and Saudi Arabia must look to other wheat suppliers such as
Argentina, Australia, and the European Union to meet their consumption needs.

Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board/USDA

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

World Markets and Trade: Commodities and Data

WHEAT ....................................................................................................... 3
RICE............................................................................................................ 6
COARSE GRAINS ........................................................................................ 9
ENDNOTES ............................................................................................... 12
DATA TABLES ............................................................................................ 15

The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD)
database for cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 12:00 p.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply
and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. This circular is released by 12:15 p.m.

To download the tables in the publication, go to Production, Supply and Distribution Database
(PSD Online): scroll down to Reports, and then click Grains.

FAS Reports and Databases:

Current World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports

Archived World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports

Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online)

Global Agricultural Trade System (U.S. Exports and Imports)

Export Sales Report

Global Agricultural Information Network (Agricultural Attaché Reports)

Other USDA Reports:

World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE)

Economic Research Service

National Agricultural Statistics Service

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 WHEAT
OVERVIEW FOR 2024/25
Global production is adjusted slightly higher this month to a record, with increases to Syria and
Pakistan more than offsetting a reduction to Uruguay. Global consumption is forecast lower with
cuts to Turkey, partially offset by higher feed and residual use for Ukraine. Global stocks are higher
this month, but still the lowest since 2015/16, as an increase to Russia is tempered by a reduction
for Turkey. Trade is down with lower imports for Turkey and China, while exports are cut for Russia
and Ukraine. An increase to Argentina exports is partially offset by an increase to Brazil imports.
The U.S. season-average farm price is lowered 5 cents to $5.55 per bushel.

WHEAT PRICES
Domestic: U.S. quotes declined for most classes since the December WASDE based on a stronger
U.S. dollar and slowing export sales. Soft Red Winter fell the most, down $15/ton to $234. Soft
White Winter fell $5/ton to $233, while Hard Red Spring dropped $1/ton to $275. Hard Red Winter
rose $4/ton to $252 with concerns over winter wheat crop conditions.

U.S. Daily FOB Export Bids

340
320
300
280
$/MT

260
240
220
200

HRW SRW SWW HRS

Note: Prices as of January 7, 2025

Source: International Grains Council

*Note on prices: HRW (Hard Red Winter); SRW (Soft Red Winter); SWW (Soft White Wheat); HRS (Hard Red Spring)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Global: Global exporter quotes were mixed since the December WASDE. Russian quotes jumped
$10/ton and EU quotes climbed $3/ton with large tenders from Algeria and Saudi Arabia offering
support. Weaker 2025/26 production prospects provided additional support to Russian quotes,
along with tightening domestic wheat supplies. U.S. quotes rose $4/ton with concerns over winter
crop conditions. Argentine quotes settled $3/ton higher as the 2024/25 harvest neared completion.
Australian quotes, meanwhile, dropped $6/ton with weak demand from major trading partner
China and price pressure from the ongoing harvest. Canadian quotes declined $4/ton on a slowing
pace of exports.

Argentina Australia Canada EU Russia United States

$229 $262 $267 $243 $239 $252

International Daily FOB Export Bids

330

310

290

270
$/MT

250

230

210

190

Argentina Australia Canada EU Russia United States

Note: Prices as of January 7, 2025

Source: International Grains Council

*Note on FOB prices: Argentina- 12.0%, up river; Australia- average of APW; Kwinana, Newcastle, and Port Adelaide;
Russia - Black Sea- milling; EU- France grade 1, Rouen; US- HRW 11.5% Gulf; Canada- CWRS (13.5%), Vancouver.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 4 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 TRADE CHANGES IN 2024/25 (1,000 MT)

Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason

Strong demand and pace of
Brazil Imports 6,100 6,500 400 trade
Continued slow pace of
China Imports 11,000 10,500 -500 imports
Nigeria Imports 5,500 5,800 300 Strong pace of imports
Syria Imports 1,600 1,400 -200 Larger crop
Continued import
restrictions requiring
Turkey Imports 6,500 5,500 -1,000 domestic purchases
Argentina Exports 11,000 11,500 500 Strong pace of exports
Slowing export pace with
navigation on Don and
Volga rivers closed and an
export quota to be
Russia Exports 47,000 46,000 -1,000 implemented February 15
Depleted milling wheat
Ukraine Exports 16,500 16,000 -500 supplies

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 5 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 RICE
OVERVIEW FOR 2024/25
Global rice production is forecast down based on reduced estimates for China and Bangladesh.
Global trade is forecast down based on reduced import demand for Indonesia and Bangladesh,
balanced with lower exports from Vietnam and Thailand. Global consumption and stocks are
forecast lower based on downward revisions for China.

RICE PRICES
Daily FOB Long Grain Rice Export Quotes: Last 12 Months
875
825
775
725
675
$/MT

625
575
525
475
425

India Pakistan Thailand Uruguay U.S. Vietnam

Source: International Grains Council

Note on FOB quotes: Thai 100B, U.S. 4%, all others 5% broken white rice.

Since the December WASDE, global export quotes, aside from Pakistan, continued to decline.
Pakistani quotes were unchanged at $452/ton despite large sales to Indonesia. India quotes are
down slightly, dropping $4 to $444/ton. Vietnamese quotes decreased $59 to $449/ton reflecting
weaker demand from its core market, the Philippines. Thai quotes dropped $20 to $494/ton with
lower demand from traditional markets awaiting the new crop. U.S. prices dropped $5 to $727/ton
and Uruguayan quotes fell $8 to $700/ton on weaker sales to Latin America.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 6 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 MARKET FEATURE

Modest Growth in Bangladesh Rice Imports Despite Trade Policy Changes

Bangladesh Rice Production and Imports

vs. Consumption Bangladesh Domestic Retail Price vs India Export
Price
40 550

500
Million Metric Tons

38

USD/Metric Ton
450
36 400

34 350

300
32
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 250

Sep-20

Sep-21

Sep-22

Sep-23

Sep-24
May-20

May-21

May-22

May-23

May-24
Jan-21

Jan-22

Jan-23

Jan-24
Imports
Milled Production
Consumption & Residual Bangladesh Domestic Price India Export Price (5%)
Source: Food Price Monitoring and Analysis tool and
International Grains Council

Bangladesh 2024/25 (May-April) rice imports are revised down to 600,000 tons this month, but still
a rebound from the 25,000 tons estimated for 2023/24 imports. Late last year, some of the
highlands and most of south-eastern Bangladesh experienced heavy monsoonal rainfall resulting
in significant crop losses that could not all be replanted. Retail rice prices in local currency for rice
have risen to their highest level in over a decade, prompting the Government of Bangladesh (GoB)
to enact a series of policy measures aimed at facilitating rice imports. Despite a reduction in import
tariffs and duties beginning October 31, 2024, the current pace of imports has remained stubbornly
sluggish due to unfavorable foreign exchange rates and higher transportation costs.

To encourage imports, the GoB exempted the rice import duty (previously set at 62.5 percent) and
most related taxes1. Private sector importers have been allocated around 1.0 million tons of import
permits for parboiled and white rice. Additionally, in recent weeks, the GoB issued multiple private
sector import tenders and pursued government-to-government import agreements.

The key factor in low imports to date is the narrow price spread between the domestic market and
world prices. In addition, both the depreciation of the taka against the U.S. dollar and the spread
between the official exchange rate (119 Taka per USD) and a commercial letter of credit (125 – 126
Taka per USD) increase the potential import price. This, combined with the remaining tax and
logistical costs, reduces the private sector’s financial incentive to import rice. Following India’s
return to the export market in September, its rice is currently the most competitively priced.
However, when accounting for transportation and logistics, the imported price is essentially on par
with Bangladesh domestic prices. Burma, Thailand, Pakistan, and Vietnam have previously
exported rice to Bangladesh, but export quotes for these origins are less competitive.

1
Note: Currently, only a 2% Advance Income Tax (AIT) is applicable on rice imports. All other duties, VAT, and taxes are
zero. For further information refer to the Bangladesh Grain and Feed Report, BG2024-0014

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 7 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 TRADE CHANGES IN 2025 (1,000 MT)

Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason

Sluggish private sector purchases to
Bangladesh Imports 1,200 900 -300 date
Increased buying as foreign prices are
Guinea Imports 900 1,050 150 lower
Reduced government purchases
Indonesia Imports 1,500 1,000 -500 through state logistics entity
Nigeria Imports 2,200 2,400 200 Growth in parboiled imports
Tanzania Exports 10 125 115 More shipments to regional markets
Thailand Exports 7,700 7,500 -200 Reduced demand from Indonesia
Vietnam Exports 7,800 7,500 -300 Reduced demand from Indonesia

TRADE CHANGES IN 2024 (1,000 MT)

Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason

Lower than expected private and
Bangladesh Imports 300 200 -100 public sector imports
European
Union Imports 2,200 2,300 100 Continued demand for Asian rice
Guinea Imports 950 1,050 100 High volumes of India rice imports
Ongoing demand for Burma and
Indonesia Imports 4,100 4,250 150 Pakistan rice
Iraq Imports 2,300 2,150 -150 Reduced buying
Nigeria Imports 2,200 2,400 200 Large purchases of parboiled rice
Ongoing shipments from
Vietnam Imports 3,400 3,800 400 Cambodia and India
Cambodia Exports 3,400 3,700 300 Strong demand from Vietnam
Pakistan Exports 6,000 6,400 400 Large export demand
More shipments to regional
Tanzania Exports 10 125 115 markets

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 8 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 COARSE GRAINS
OVERVIEW FOR 2024/25
Global corn production is forecast down this month as a cut to the United States more than offsets
higher production in China, Ghana, and Russia. Global trade is down from last month as lower
exports for Brazil offset an increase to Argentina. Global imports are down from last month as cuts
for China, Japan, and South Korea more than offset higher imports for Turkey. The U.S. season-
average farm price is up 15 cents to $4.25 per bushel.

CORN PRICES

Selected Export Bids, FOB

250

225
$/ton

200

175

150

Argentina Brazil Ukraine U.S.

Source: International Grains Council

Export bids (US$ per metric ton) 6-Jan-25 4-Dec-24 5-Jan-24 % change, ’24 - ‘25
Argentina, Up River 214 207 212 1%
Brazil, Paranaguá 225 217 229 -1%
Ukraine 218 213 N/A N/A
U.S. #3 Yellow Corn, Gulf 214 205 205 5%

Since the December WASDE, exports bids for all major origins increased. U.S. bids were up $9/ton
to $214 reflecting robust demand for U.S. supplies in the first quarter of the marketing year.
Argentine export bids were up $7/ton to $214 reflecting potential impacts of dry conditions on new
crop supplies. Brazil bids rose $8/ton to $225 as season-end supplies face strong domestic
demand for ethanol production. Ukraine bids rose $5/ton to $218, buoyed by bullish movements in
other exporters.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 9 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 MARKET FEATURE
First Quarter U.S. Corn Exports Highest Since 2018/19
U.S. Corn Exports (Sep-Nov)
18
16
14
12
Million tons

10
8
6
4
2
0
2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25

Totaling 13.0 million tons, first quarter U.S. corn exports in MY 2024/25 (Sep 2024 – Aug 2025) are
the highest since the 16.1 million tons exported in 2018/19. In recent years, first quarter U.S. corn
exports have faced strong competition from Brazil’s safrinha exports. However, with
uncharacteristically weak volumes from Brazil and another strong year of U.S. production, U.S.
exports have seen a promising start.

2024/25 U.S. production is estimated to

be the fourth highest on record at 377.6 U.S. Corn Total Commitments
million tons, down 7.0 million from last (as of Final Week December)
month on lower yields. However, with 50
plentiful old-crop stocks, supply was 45
relatively abundant in the first quarter. 40
Export Sales Reporting data as of 35
December 26 indicate that U.S.
Million tons

30
marketing year-to-date total 25
commitments 2 are strong at nearly 39.0 20
million tons, particularly to Mexico. 15
Mexico was the United States’ largest
10
destination for corn in 2023/24 as it
5
faced a smaller crop due to drought. The
0
forecast for Mexico’s 2024/25
production is little improved as dryness
persists, and Mexico is forecast to
import a similar volume of corn as its record-setting amount last year. Competitive U.S. prices have
also spurred commitments from Colombia, currently at 3.6 million tons, the highest level in history
for this point in the year.

2
Total commitments are the sum of accumulated exports and outstanding sales (not yet exported).

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 10 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 In contrast, Brazil, the United States’ primary competitor in the world corn market, exported
uncharacteristically low volumes after its safrinha harvest. Safrinha exports begin in July and
continue for around 6 months. Brazil’s corn exports for the Sep-Nov 2024 period were the smallest
in 3 years. One factor at play is growth in Brazil’s corn ethanol production. Ethanol production data
tracked by UNICA, the Brazilian sugarcane industry association, indicates that corn ethanol
production is up by 30 percent from the prior season. Brazil has also contended with muted
demand from China. In September-November 2023, Brazil exported 9.5 million tons to China,
whereas this year that volume has cratered to under 400,000 tons. Notably, monthly China imports
have been under half a million tons from August 2024 onwards, the lowest monthly volumes since
March 2020, due to weak domestic corn prices and ample supplies.

The United States is forecast to export 62.2 million tons of corn in 2024/25, down about 700,000
tons from last month on lower supplies. If realized, this would still be the third-highest volume of
exports on record. While development of the South American crop may impact sales later this
marketing year, under current market conditions, the United States is off to a strong start for
2024/25 exports.

TRADE CHANGES IN 2024/25 (1,000 MT)

Country Commodity Attribute Previous Current Change Reason

Argentina Corn Exports 37,000 38,000 1,000 Higher old crop exports
Slow export pace,
Brazil Corn Exports 46,000 44,000 -2,000
domestic use
Slow import pace, weak
Barley Imports 10,000 9,500 -500
Australia prospects
China
Larger crop, cut to global
Corn Imports 14,000 13,000 -1,000
supplies
Stronger imports from
Iran Barley Imports 1,000 1,500 500
Kazakhstan
Japan Corn Imports 15,500 15,300 -200
Korea, Lower Brazil trade
Corn Imports 11,800 11,500 -300
South
Turkey Corn Imports 1,900 2,300 400 Pace of trade

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 11 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 ENDNOTES

REGIONAL TABLES

North America: Canada, Mexico, the United States

Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama

Caribbean: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago

South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru,
Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela

EU: Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and Sweden. Effective January 1, 2021, the
separation of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) was complete, including
trade between both entities. Starting in May 2021 with the release of 2021/22 data, grain PSDs
reflect EU27 (shown in the PSD system as “European Union”) and UK separately. Beginning with
the release of 2021/22 data, historical data for both EU27 and the UK are provided for 5 years
(2016/17 through 2020/21). See below for notes on prior years’ EU Consolidated data.

Other Europe: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Former Yugoslavia, Gibraltar, Iceland, North
Macedonia, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland, United Kingdom

Former Soviet Union: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova,
Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

Middle East: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen

North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia

Sub-Saharan Africa: all African countries except North Africa

East Asia: China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Macau, Mongolia, Taiwan

South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka

Southeast Asia: Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, Vietnam

Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 12 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 OTHER NOTES

Marketing Years (MY): MY refers to the 12-month period at the onset of the main harvest, when the
crop is marketed (i.e., consumed, traded, or stored). The year first listed begins a country's MY for
that commodity (2022/23 starts in 2022); except for summer grains in certain Southern Hemisphere
countries and for rice in selected countries, where the second year begins the MY (2022/23 starts in
2023). Key exporter MY’s are:

Wheat Corn Barley Sorghum

Argentina (Dec/Nov) Argentina (Mar/Feb) Australia (Nov/Oct) Argentina (Mar/Feb)
Australia (Oct/Sep) Brazil (Mar/Feb) Canada (Aug/Jul) Australia (Mar/Feb)
Canada (Aug/Jul) Russia (Oct/Sep) European Union United States
(Jul/Jun) (Sep/Aug)
China (Jul/Jun) South Africa (May/Apr) Kazakhstan (Jul/Jun)
European Union Ukraine (Oct/Sep) Russia (Jul/Jun)
(Jul/Jun)
India (Apr/Mar) United States Ukraine (Jul/Jun)
(Sep/Aug)
Kazakhstan (Sep/Aug) United States
(Jun/May)
Russia (Jul/Jun)
Turkey (Jun/May)
Ukraine (Jul/Jun)
United States
(Jun/May)

For a complete list of local marketing years, please see the FAS website
(https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/): go to Reports, Reference Data, and then Data Availability.

Prices: Many export bids and quotes in this publication are Free-On Board (FOB). FOB is a term of
sale meaning that the shipper will pay all costs to deliver and load the cargo at a specified place,
usually a ship, and then the receiver pays the costs from there on — normally the ocean freight and
all subsequent costs of unloading and delivery. All references to ton, unless otherwise specified,
refer to metric tons – 2204.62 U.S. pounds/1,000 kilograms.

Stocks: Unless otherwise stated, stock data are based on an aggregate of differing local marketing
years and should not be construed as representing world stock levels at a fixed point in time.

Consumption: World totals for consumption reflect total utilization, including food, seed,
industrial, feed, and waste; as well as differences in local marketing year imports and local
marketing year exports. Consumption statistics for regions and individual countries, however,
reflect food, seed, industrial, feed, and waste only.

Trade: All PSD tables are balanced on the different local marketing years. All trade tables contain
Trade Year (TY) data which puts all countries on a uniform, 12-month period for analytical
comparisons: wheat is July/June; coarse grains, corn, barley, sorghum, oats, and rye are Oct/Sept;
and rice is calendar year (TY 2022/23 corresponds to Jan – Dec 2023).

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 13 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 EU Consolidation:
Effective January 1, 2021, the separation of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU)
was complete, including trade between both entities. Starting in May 2021 with the release of
2021/22 data, field crops PSDs reflect EU27 (shown in the PSD system as “European Union”) and
UK separately.

Beginning with the release of 2021/22 data, historical data for both EU27 and the UK are provided
for 5 years (2016/17 through 2020/21). The trade figures starting from 1999/00 through 2015/16
represents the European Union (EU27 plus UK) and excludes all intra-trade. For the years 1960/61
through 1998/99, figures are the EU-15 and also exclude all intra-trade. EU-15 member states' data
for grains are no longer maintained in the official USDA database. Data for the individual NMS-10,
plus Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia, exists only prior to 1999/00.

Statistics: (1) Wheat trade statistics include wheat (1001), flour (1101), bulgur (190430), and
selected pasta products (190219, 190230, and 190240) on a grain-equivalent basis (all wheat flour
and products are multiplied by 1.368). (2) Rice trade statistics include rough (100610), brown
(100620), milled (100630), and broken (100640) on a milled-equivalent basis (rough rice is
multiplied by 0.7 and brown rice is multiplied by 0.875). (3) Coarse grains statistics include corn,
barley, sorghum, oats, rye, millet, and mixed grains but exclude trade in barley malt, millet, and
mixed grains.

Unaccounted: This term includes grain in transit, reporting discrepancies in some countries, and
trade to countries outside the USDA database.

The Global Commodity Analysis Division, Global Market Analysis, Foreign Agricultural Service,
USDA, Washington, DC 20250, prepared this publication. Information is gathered from official
statistics of foreign governments and other foreign source materials, reports of U.S. agricultural
attachés and Foreign Service officers, office research, and related information. Further information
may be obtained by writing the Division or calling (202) 720-3448.

Note: For further details on world grain production, please see World Agricultural Production 2024.
This publication is available in its entirety on the Internet via the Foreign Agricultural Service Home
Page. The address is: http://www.fas.usda.gov

Hannah Austin (202) 456-7890 Hannah.Austin@usda.gov Wheat

Amy Gaito (202) 772-4890 Amy.Gaito@usda.gov Wheat
Rachel Trego (202) 720-1073 Rachel.Trego@usda.gov Wheat/Rice
Adolfo Escoto (202) 235-7550 Adolfo.Escoto@usda.gov Rice
Samuel Driggers (202) 720-1073 Samuel.Driggers@usda.gov Rice
Eric Gero (202) 869-9092 Eric.Gero@usda.gov Coarse Grains
Kristi Schammel (202) 374-7151 Kristi.Schammel@usda.gov Coarse Grains
Kevin Min (202) 720-0626 Kevin.Min1@usda.gov Coarse Grains

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 14 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 DATA TABLES

Page Intentionally Left Blank

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 15 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 All Grain Summary Comparison
Million Metric Tons

Wheat Rice, Milled Corn

Marketing Year 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25

Production

United States (Jun-May) 44.9 49.1 53.7 5.1 6.9 7.1 346.7 389.7 377.6

Other 745.0 741.9 739.5 511.6 515.7 525.8 816.7 840.3 836.7

World Total 789.9 791.0 793.2 516.7 522.6 532.9 1,163.4 1,230.0 1,214.3

Domestic Consumption

United States (Jun-May) 30.3 30.2 31.3 4.6 4.9 5.2 305.9 321.9 321.7

Other 750.8 768.2 767.1 517.8 514.9 521.2 859.9 900.4 908.5

World Total 781.1 798.4 798.4 522.4 519.8 526.4 1,165.8 1,222.3 1,230.2

Ending Stocks

United States (Jun-May) 15.5 19.0 21.7 1.0 1.3 1.4 34.6 44.8 39.1

Other 258.8 248.5 237.1 179.7 178.2 180.7 270.1 272.7 254.2

World Total 274.3 267.5 258.8 180.7 179.5 182.1 304.7 317.5 293.3

TY Imports

United States (Jun-May) 3.3 3.8 3.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.7

Other 209.1 216.5 205.0 50.7 54.6 53.7 172.3 199.0 182.7

World Total 212.4 220.3 208.5 52.1 56.1 55.2 173.3 199.7 183.4

TY Exports

United States (Jun-May) 20.3 19.6 23.5 2.4 3.2 3.2 42.8 59.3 62.5

Other 197.4 204.5 188.8 51.5 56.0 54.9 138.1 138.6 127.2

World Total 217.7 224.1 212.3 53.9 59.2 58.1 180.9 197.9 189.7

Note: Consumption in this table has not been adjusted for differences in marketing year imports and exports
and therefore differs from global totals shown elsewhere. Marketing years for U.S. grains are: Wheat
(Jun-May), Rice (Aug-Jul), Corn (Sep-Aug).'Marketing Year' column is germane for U.S. wheat only.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 16 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Wheat, Flour, and Products Trade
July/June Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
TY Exports
Russia 39,100 34,000 49,000 55,500 47,000 46,000
European Union 29,736 31,927 35,083 37,974 29,000 29,000
Canada 27,722 15,010 25,334 25,659 26,000 26,000
Australia 19,720 25,958 32,329 22,504 25,000 25,000
Ukraine 16,851 18,844 17,122 18,577 16,500 16,000
Argentina 9,597 17,651 4,681 7,282 11,000 11,500
Kazakhstan 8,128 8,459 9,862 8,409 10,000 10,000
Turkey 6,571 6,646 6,953 9,998 7,500 7,500
Brazil 911 3,105 2,689 2,812 2,700 2,700
Egypt 705 300 661 1,851 2,000 2,000
Others 13,941 22,943 13,663 13,962 13,263 13,113
Subtotal 172,982 184,843 197,377 204,528 189,963 188,813
United States 26,636 21,347 20,279 19,594 23,500 23,500
World Total 199,618 206,190 217,656 224,122 213,463 212,313
none
TY Imports
Egypt 12,149 11,256 11,221 12,346 12,500 12,500
Indonesia 9,995 11,271 9,446 13,015 12,000 12,000
European Union 5,390 4,631 12,228 12,652 11,500 11,500
China 10,618 9,568 13,282 13,635 11,000 10,500
Algeria 7,680 8,500 8,700 9,500 9,000 9,000
Morocco 5,191 4,726 5,770 6,205 7,500 7,500
Philippines 6,105 6,886 5,750 6,915 7,200 7,200
Bangladesh 7,200 6,340 5,120 6,800 6,900 6,900
Brazil 6,359 6,582 4,985 5,917 6,100 6,500
Mexico 4,724 5,326 5,232 5,290 5,800 5,800
Nigeria 6,586 6,187 4,732 5,105 5,500 5,800
Turkey 8,051 9,555 12,500 8,940 6,500 5,500
Japan 5,493 5,605 5,452 5,346 5,400 5,400
Vietnam 3,900 4,517 4,317 5,441 5,300 5,300
Korea, South 3,889 5,099 4,533 4,990 4,400 4,400
Afghanistan 3,700 4,000 4,350 3,900 4,100 4,100
Uzbekistan 3,546 3,318 4,269 3,616 4,000 4,000
Yemen 4,058 3,442 4,157 3,993 3,900 3,900
Thailand 3,306 2,351 3,163 3,316 3,600 3,600
Saudi Arabia 2,773 3,052 5,260 3,890 3,200 3,200
United Kingdom 3,033 2,634 2,030 3,135 3,200 3,200
Kenya 2,092 2,042 2,324 2,591 2,600 2,600
Sudan 2,064 2,381 2,276 2,282 2,400 2,400
Iraq 2,175 2,576 3,986 2,761 2,200 2,200
Colombia 1,906 2,057 2,036 1,973 2,100 2,100
Others 59,937 65,383 62,001 63,005 58,145 57,945
Subtotal 191,920 199,285 209,120 216,559 206,045 205,045
Unaccounted 5,012 4,174 5,267 3,784 4,018 3,768
United States 2,686 2,731 3,269 3,779 3,400 3,500
World Total 199,618 206,190 217,656 224,122 213,463 212,313

TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 17 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Wheat Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
Production
China 134,250 136,946 137,723 136,590 140,000 140,099
European Union 126,684 138,479 134,492 135,095 121,300 121,300
India 107,860 109,586 104,000 110,554 113,292 113,292
Russia 85,352 75,158 92,000 91,500 81,500 81,500
Canada 35,437 22,422 34,807 32,946 34,958 34,958
Australia 31,923 36,237 40,545 25,960 32,000 32,000
Pakistan 25,248 27,464 26,209 28,161 31,400 31,583
Ukraine 25,420 33,007 21,500 23,000 22,900 22,900
Turkey 18,250 16,000 17,250 21,000 19,000 19,000
Kazakhstan 14,256 11,814 16,404 12,111 18,000 18,000
Argentina 17,640 22,150 12,550 15,850 17,500 17,500
Iran 15,000 12,000 13,200 14,000 14,500 14,500
United Kingdom 9,658 13,988 15,540 13,980 11,050 11,050
Egypt 9,102 9,842 9,500 8,870 9,200 9,200
Brazil 6,235 7,679 10,554 8,097 8,100 8,100
Others 60,922 63,040 58,720 64,212 64,597 64,606
Subtotal 723,237 735,812 744,994 741,926 739,297 739,588
United States 49,523 44,804 44,898 49,095 53,650 53,650
World Total 772,760 780,616 789,892 791,021 792,947 793,238
none
Total Consumption
China 155,000 148,000 148,000 153,500 151,000 151,000
India 102,217 109,882 108,665 112,342 112,242 112,242
European Union 104,750 108,250 109,000 110,500 108,750 108,750
Russia 42,500 40,750 41,000 39,000 38,250 38,250
Pakistan 26,300 27,700 29,000 30,200 31,200 31,200
Egypt 20,500 20,500 20,550 20,500 20,100 20,100
Turkey 20,600 20,100 20,200 19,800 20,100 19,700
Iran 17,400 18,200 18,100 17,300 17,100 17,100
United Kingdom 13,240 15,324 15,200 15,594 14,500 14,500
Algeria 11,150 11,370 11,570 11,750 11,950 11,950
Brazil 11,800 11,750 11,850 12,000 11,900 11,900
Indonesia 10,100 10,500 9,800 11,500 11,600 11,700
Morocco 10,300 10,500 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000
Canada 9,100 9,621 8,288 9,077 9,600 9,600
Afghanistan 8,200 8,250 8,500 8,800 9,100 9,100
Others 183,756 186,376 181,084 186,420 189,737 189,987
Subtotal 755,866 760,569 759,246 767,666 771,228 770,592
United States 30,185 30,411 30,331 30,161 31,244 31,298
World Total 786,051 790,980 789,577 797,827 802,472 801,890
none
Ending Stocks
China 139,120 136,759 138,818 134,503 133,503 133,102
European Union 10,698 13,631 16,268 15,541 10,561 10,591
Russia 11,380 12,088 14,388 11,688 8,238 9,238
India 27,800 19,500 9,500 7,500 8,500 8,500
Algeria 4,724 4,351 5,081 5,531 5,576 5,576
Pakistan 3,056 4,530 3,919 4,967 4,767 4,950
Canada 5,953 4,169 5,625 4,615 4,433 4,523
Others 58,590 60,575 65,173 64,168 60,675 60,624
Subtotal 261,321 255,603 258,772 248,513 236,253 237,104
United States 23,001 18,355 15,501 18,954 21,629 21,711
World Total 284,322 273,958 274,273 267,467 257,882 258,815

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 18 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Regional Wheat Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons

Dec Jan
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25

TY Imports none
North America 7,959 8,614 9,046 9,626 9,750 9,850
Central America 2,171 2,157 2,085 2,228 2,290 2,290
South America 15,292 14,855 13,150 14,272 14,440 14,840
European Union 5,390 4,631 12,228 12,652 11,500 11,500
Other Europe 4,611 4,412 3,644 4,889 4,925 4,925
Former Soviet Union - 12 8,925 10,577 13,494 10,579 9,230 9,230
Middle East 27,125 35,009 38,224 30,051 26,250 25,050
North Africa 28,246 27,477 29,209 31,472 32,400 32,400
Sub-Saharan Africa 26,731 26,831 24,314 28,006 28,825 29,125
East Asia 22,206 22,166 25,079 26,047 22,940 22,440
South Asia 16,437 13,945 13,388 15,519 12,550 12,550
Southeast Asia 26,042 27,957 25,203 31,369 30,865 30,865
Others 3,471 3,385 3,325 3,628 3,480 3,480
Total 194,606 202,016 212,389 220,338 209,445 208,545
Production none
North America 87,947 70,510 83,316 85,517 91,208 91,208
South America 27,628 33,424 27,028 27,883 30,134 29,934
European Union 126,684 138,479 134,492 135,095 121,300 121,300
Other Europe 14,185 18,856 20,450 19,053 15,690 15,690
Former Soviet Union - 12 139,518 134,086 144,038 141,037 137,640 137,640
Middle East 41,572 34,457 36,234 44,839 44,192 44,402
North Africa 16,014 21,279 17,260 16,370 16,020 16,010
Sub-Saharan Africa 9,409 9,750 9,501 9,421 9,536 9,536
East Asia 135,744 138,736 139,288 138,299 141,620 141,719
South Asia 141,601 144,299 137,257 147,075 153,092 153,275
Oceania 32,377 36,660 40,948 26,352 32,435 32,444
Others 81 80 80 80 80 80
Total 772,760 780,616 789,892 791,021 792,947 793,238
Domestic Consumption none
North America 46,435 47,457 46,419 47,138 48,644 48,698
South America 29,508 29,597 29,700 29,900 30,070 29,920
European Union 104,750 108,250 109,000 110,500 108,750 108,750
Other Europe 18,500 20,534 20,360 21,024 19,845 19,845
Former Soviet Union - 12 78,220 76,610 76,260 73,605 73,415 73,715
Middle East 63,222 63,240 63,661 63,731 64,675 64,275
North Africa 46,520 46,920 46,720 46,730 46,700 46,700
Sub-Saharan Africa 34,708 35,583 33,628 35,278 36,433 36,533
East Asia 167,368 161,359 160,615 166,464 163,589 163,589
South Asia 148,551 157,627 156,102 162,130 163,732 163,732
Southeast Asia 26,040 26,595 25,430 28,700 29,430 29,530
Oceania 9,460 10,015 9,665 9,465 9,210 9,210
Others 3,816 3,697 3,578 3,779 3,880 3,880
Total 777,098 787,484 781,138 798,444 798,373 798,377
Ending Stocks none
North America 29,207 23,038 21,883 24,342 26,735 26,907
South America 6,679 4,980 7,744 7,685 6,479 6,749
European Union 10,698 13,631 16,268 15,541 10,561 10,591
Other Europe 2,377 2,917 3,783 4,643 3,475 3,498
Former Soviet Union - 12 17,915 22,878 25,541 19,091 16,615 17,928
Middle East 16,309 14,216 17,907 19,421 16,828 16,238
North Africa 11,946 12,721 12,173 11,089 10,711 10,699
Sub-Saharan Africa 4,443 4,283 3,796 4,942 5,615 5,815
East Asia 141,907 139,716 141,687 137,605 136,666 136,265
South Asia 34,207 26,145 14,658 14,174 15,249 15,432
Southeast Asia 4,646 4,777 3,241 4,572 4,877 4,577
Oceania 3,326 3,848 4,685 3,281 2,945 2,990
Others 662 808 907 1,081 1,126 1,126
Total 284,322 273,958 274,273 267,467 257,882 258,815

NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 19 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Rice Trade
January/December Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
TY Exports
India 21,240 22,122 17,733 17,300 22,000 22,000
Thailand 6,283 7,682 8,736 10,000 7,700 7,500
Vietnam 6,272 7,054 8,225 9,000 7,800 7,500
Pakistan 3,928 4,562 4,528 6,400 5,300 5,300
Cambodia 2,800 2,800 3,000 3,700 3,400 3,400
Burma 1,900 2,335 1,577 2,700 1,500 1,500
Brazil 782 1,445 1,208 963 1,300 1,300
China 2,407 2,172 1,602 1,150 1,000 1,000
Uruguay 704 982 991 800 1,000 1,000
Paraguay 640 752 857 725 850 850
Guyana 406 338 399 500 525 525
Argentina 400 402 293 285 465 465
European Union 412 402 366 360 400 400
Turkey 241 227 258 300 250 250
Australia 72 207 248 260 230 230
Others 1,755 1,600 1,434 1,611 1,549 1,664
Subtotal 50,242 55,082 51,455 56,054 55,269 54,884
United States 2,950 2,190 2,397 3,170 3,200 3,200
World Total 53,192 57,272 53,852 59,224 58,469 58,084
none
TY Imports
Philippines 2,950 3,800 3,900 5,300 5,400 5,400
Vietnam 2,750 2,750 3,250 3,800 3,400 3,400
Nigeria 2,100 2,400 2,000 2,400 2,200 2,400
European Union 1,862 2,490 2,183 2,300 2,200 2,200
China 4,921 6,155 2,597 1,400 2,000 2,000
Iraq 1,315 2,124 1,845 2,150 2,000 2,000
Saudi Arabia 1,157 1,324 1,487 1,750 1,750 1,750
Cote d'Ivoire 1,450 1,560 1,313 1,550 1,600 1,600
Malaysia 1,160 1,240 1,410 1,850 1,500 1,500
Senegal 1,250 1,500 1,300 1,400 1,400 1,400
South Africa 1,000 1,034 1,221 1,100 1,150 1,150
Guinea 940 850 870 1,050 900 1,050
Iran 880 1,250 751 800 1,050 1,050
Indonesia 650 740 3,500 4,250 1,500 1,000
United Arab Emirates 775 1,025 900 925 975 975
Brazil 685 826 982 1,023 950 950
Ghana 1,050 620 810 900 950 950
Bangladesh 2,675 950 365 200 1,200 900
Mozambique 705 685 740 850 900 900
Mexico 759 796 734 870 860 860
Burkina Faso 600 706 767 850 850 850
Cameroon 695 575 360 775 800 800
Kenya 620 675 936 800 750 750
Nepal 1,260 825 445 350 700 700
Japan 662 669 709 685 690 690
Others 15,001 17,252 15,386 15,354 16,632 16,492
Subtotal 49,872 54,821 50,761 54,682 54,307 53,717
Unaccounted 2,342 1,136 1,731 3,092 2,662 2,867
United States 978 1,315 1,360 1,450 1,500 1,500
World Total 53,192 57,272 53,852 59,224 58,469 58,084

TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Note about dates: 2016/17 is calendar year 2017, 2017/18 is calendar year 2018, and so on.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 20 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Rice Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
Milled Production
China 148,300 148,990 145,946 144,620 146,000 145,275
India 124,368 129,471 135,755 137,825 145,000 145,000
Bangladesh 34,600 35,850 36,350 37,000 36,800 36,600
Indonesia 34,500 34,400 33,900 33,020 34,000 34,000
Vietnam 27,381 26,670 27,140 26,300 26,500 26,500
Thailand 18,863 19,878 20,909 20,000 20,100 20,100
Philippines 12,416 12,540 12,625 12,325 12,000 12,000
Burma 12,600 12,400 11,800 11,900 11,850 11,850
Pakistan 8,420 9,323 7,322 9,869 10,000 10,000
Brazil 8,001 7,337 6,822 7,200 8,000 8,000
Cambodia 6,271 6,561 7,000 7,400 7,377 7,377
Japan 7,570 7,636 7,480 7,297 7,350 7,350
Nigeria 5,148 5,255 5,408 5,607 5,229 5,229
Egypt 4,000 2,900 3,600 3,780 3,900 3,900
Nepal 3,744 3,417 3,654 3,812 3,666 3,666
Others 46,044 45,370 45,934 47,740 48,929 48,967
Subtotal 502,226 507,998 511,645 515,695 526,701 525,814
United States 7,205 6,066 5,082 6,922 6,979 7,053
World Total 509,431 514,064 516,727 522,617 533,680 532,867
none
Consumption and Residual
China 150,293 156,360 154,994 148,115 145,700 145,475
India 101,052 110,446 114,510 116,396 121,000 121,000
Bangladesh 36,100 36,500 37,300 37,600 37,900 37,600
Indonesia 35,400 35,300 35,600 36,100 36,600 36,600
Vietnam 21,850 22,050 22,400 22,400 22,325 22,400
Philippines 14,800 15,400 16,100 16,600 17,200 17,200
Thailand 12,300 12,300 12,300 12,300 12,300 12,300
Burma 10,400 10,300 10,200 9,800 10,000 10,000
Japan 8,200 8,200 8,150 8,150 8,000 8,000
Nigeria 7,150 7,350 7,500 7,550 7,600 7,600
Brazil 7,350 7,150 7,000 7,150 7,300 7,250
Nepal 4,969 4,412 4,249 4,022 4,266 4,266
Egypt 4,300 4,050 4,000 4,050 4,100 4,100
Pakistan 3,700 3,900 3,925 4,000 4,100 4,100
Cambodia 4,200 4,150 4,100 4,000 4,000 3,950
Others 71,407 73,626 75,520 76,625 79,476 79,309
Subtotal 498,622 513,858 515,668 518,856 525,273 525,001
United States 4,841 4,740 4,596 4,919 5,048 5,238
World Total 503,463 518,598 520,264 523,775 530,321 530,239
none
Ending Stocks
China 116,500 113,000 106,600 103,000 104,000 103,500
India 37,000 34,000 35,000 42,000 44,500 44,500
Indonesia 3,060 2,900 4,700 5,870 4,620 4,270
Philippines 2,363 3,103 3,378 3,603 3,703 3,703
Thailand 4,480 4,426 4,349 2,149 2,349 2,549
Nigeria 1,690 2,045 2,228 2,170 1,999 2,199
Vietnam 3,289 3,605 3,370 2,070 1,445 2,070
Others 18,957 19,852 20,069 17,370 18,369 17,953
Subtotal 187,339 182,931 179,694 178,232 180,985 180,744
United States 1,387 1,261 961 1,265 1,482 1,381
World Total 188,726 184,192 180,655 179,497 182,467 182,125

Note: All data are reported on a milled basis.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 21 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Regional Rice Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons

Dec Jan
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25

TY Imports none
North America 2,147 2,635 2,567 2,770 2,860 2,860
Caribbean 992 1,021 1,165 1,240 1,150 1,150
South America 1,803 1,815 1,936 1,873 1,925 1,895
Other Europe 714 729 749 760 785 785
Former Soviet Union - 12 587 666 570 635 665 665
Middle East 6,205 7,947 7,424 7,850 8,155 8,155
North Africa 610 863 731 650 755 705
Sub-Saharan Africa 16,020 16,979 15,518 16,812 17,420 17,620
East Asia 6,412 7,738 4,100 2,930 3,665 3,655
South Asia 4,414 3,082 1,382 1,275 2,530 2,300
Southeast Asia 8,234 9,143 12,695 15,892 12,535 12,035
European Union 1,862 2,490 2,183 2,300 2,200 2,200
Total 50,850 56,136 52,121 56,132 55,807 55,217
Production none
North America 7,406 6,247 5,225 7,072 7,139 7,213
Caribbean 886 885 841 862 885 885
South America 17,307 16,529 16,085 16,859 18,005 18,005
European Union 1,826 1,732 1,292 1,435 1,671 1,671
Former Soviet Union - 12 1,397 1,339 1,177 1,314 1,392 1,422
Middle East 2,900 2,723 2,607 2,560 2,852 2,852
North Africa 4,042 2,945 3,642 3,825 3,945 3,945
Sub-Saharan Africa 20,117 20,380 21,961 22,913 22,693 22,693
East Asia 162,013 162,921 159,653 158,093 159,524 158,807
South Asia 174,807 181,065 186,167 192,108 199,236 199,036
Southeast Asia 115,732 116,077 117,025 114,486 115,388 115,388
Total 509,431 514,064 516,727 522,617 533,680 532,867
Domestic Consumption none
North America 6,213 6,158 5,984 6,365 6,528 6,718
Central America 1,321 1,406 1,408 1,443 1,463 1,493
Caribbean 1,945 1,859 1,939 1,820 1,933 1,933
South America 14,975 14,920 14,819 15,018 15,230 15,180
European Union 3,400 3,500 3,300 3,250 3,350 3,350
Former Soviet Union - 12 1,703 1,714 1,605 1,793 1,871 1,911
Middle East 9,194 9,637 9,837 10,245 10,695 10,695
North Africa 4,625 4,359 4,329 4,595 4,650 4,650
Sub-Saharan Africa 34,549 36,203 38,151 37,891 39,831 39,566
East Asia 165,392 171,445 169,913 163,261 160,630 160,403
South Asia 149,758 159,193 163,945 166,208 171,556 171,286
Southeast Asia 104,126 104,715 106,064 106,718 107,981 108,006
Total 498,312 516,234 522,444 519,777 526,915 526,388
Ending Stocks none
North America 1,591 1,404 1,049 1,360 1,587 1,486
Central America 192 168 253 236 205 205
Caribbean 327 340 367 448 540 540
South America 2,857 2,305 1,866 1,981 2,266 2,236
European Union 682 905 828 761 879 882
Middle East 1,483 1,733 2,146 1,925 1,887 1,887
North Africa 1,159 613 600 509 554 504
Sub-Saharan Africa 3,223 3,862 4,677 4,400 4,112 4,462
East Asia 120,071 116,721 110,309 106,207 107,120 106,621
South Asia 40,730 39,290 40,011 45,834 48,715 48,315
Southeast Asia 16,089 16,296 18,070 15,307 14,199 14,524
Oceania 86 240 196 233 156 156
Total 188,726 184,192 180,655 179,497 182,467 182,125

NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 22 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Coarse Grain Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
TY Exports
Brazil 27,504 31,938 53,307 46,568 46,135 44,210
Argentina 40,977 44,418 29,448 35,157 42,100 43,100
Ukraine 29,049 29,895 29,765 32,727 25,475 25,475
European Union 12,553 12,812 11,052 11,424 9,030 9,030
Australia 9,705 11,109 10,500 10,345 8,810 8,810
Russia 9,871 7,375 11,515 12,865 6,200 6,225
Canada 7,219 5,552 7,851 6,217 5,730 5,730
Paraguay 2,564 3,208 4,006 2,927 2,735 2,735
South Africa 2,756 3,841 3,626 2,490 2,625 2,630
Burma 2,600 2,300 2,000 2,850 2,300 2,300
Others 15,090 14,008 12,577 13,108 9,968 10,053
Subtotal 159,888 166,456 175,647 176,678 161,108 160,298
United States 75,623 70,394 45,900 65,653 67,835 67,835
World Total 235,511 236,850 221,547 242,331 228,943 228,133
none
TY Imports
China 50,531 41,499 32,619 48,107 32,125 30,625
Mexico 17,301 18,498 20,297 25,468 25,225 25,225
European Union 15,820 21,567 25,639 21,737 21,055 21,055
Japan 16,972 16,506 16,450 16,673 16,910 16,710
Vietnam 11,947 9,653 10,122 11,597 12,700 12,700
Korea, South 11,804 11,617 11,228 11,667 11,898 11,598
Iran 10,902 10,302 8,000 9,900 9,100 9,600
Egypt 9,653 9,771 6,238 8,041 8,270 8,270
Colombia 6,132 6,846 6,697 6,951 6,950 6,950
Saudi Arabia 9,128 8,778 6,394 7,599 6,805 6,805
Algeria 5,004 3,965 4,249 5,859 5,605 5,605
Taiwan 4,472 4,644 4,269 4,666 4,775 4,775
Peru 3,851 3,646 3,495 4,443 4,050 4,050
Malaysia 3,726 3,697 3,476 3,888 3,730 3,730
Morocco 2,937 2,724 2,979 4,201 3,556 3,556
United Kingdom 2,695 2,637 2,166 3,022 2,695 2,695
Turkey 3,395 5,861 4,360 3,435 2,105 2,505
Canada 1,871 6,341 2,296 2,896 2,346 2,346
Chile 2,557 2,564 2,430 2,619 2,270 2,270
Brazil 2,679 4,064 2,353 2,265 2,140 2,240
Thailand 2,881 1,568 1,965 2,079 1,900 1,900
Philippines 561 1,126 1,340 1,889 1,825 1,825
Guatemala 1,358 1,574 1,618 1,894 1,800 1,800
Tunisia 2,004 1,795 1,587 1,724 1,600 1,600
Dominican Republic 1,492 1,354 1,386 1,665 1,550 1,550
Others 25,346 26,562 24,592 27,707 25,448 25,935
Subtotal 227,019 229,159 208,245 241,992 218,433 217,920
Unaccounted 5,963 5,039 9,948 -1,997 8,034 7,737
United States 2,529 2,652 3,354 2,336 2,476 2,476
World Total 235,511 236,850 221,547 242,331 228,943 228,133

TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 23 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Coarse Grains Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
Production
China 269,243 281,729 285,894 297,382 300,550 303,467
European Union 155,464 155,030 133,099 136,882 136,410 136,105
Brazil 90,321 120,699 143,489 127,808 133,524 133,524
Argentina 63,009 61,142 43,914 58,373 60,291 60,291
India 51,387 51,385 56,776 57,155 57,599 57,599
Russia 41,396 38,538 44,132 42,540 34,500 33,970
Ukraine 39,585 53,514 33,925 39,780 33,237 33,237
Mexico 32,662 32,785 33,877 28,820 29,060 29,060
Canada 29,644 25,124 30,535 27,524 27,521 27,521
Nigeria 20,895 21,397 21,696 19,012 19,600 19,600
Ethiopia 18,560 17,373 17,466 17,560 17,910 17,910
South Africa 17,814 16,636 17,527 13,911 17,558 17,558
Australia 18,560 19,219 18,842 14,444 15,769 15,469
Turkey 15,812 11,477 14,839 17,045 14,660 14,660
Indonesia 12,600 12,700 12,400 12,700 12,800 12,800
Others 197,900 188,812 190,628 192,633 190,858 190,664
Subtotal 1,074,852 1,107,560 1,099,039 1,103,569 1,101,847 1,103,435
United States 372,258 396,297 356,449 402,882 397,281 390,857
World Total 1,447,110 1,503,857 1,455,488 1,506,451 1,499,128 1,494,292
none
Domestic Consumption
China 312,832 320,911 321,768 338,700 340,880 340,380
European Union 159,483 158,273 149,702 148,935 149,470 149,245
Brazil 74,360 76,161 84,987 91,632 92,654 94,654
India 47,546 48,045 53,703 57,311 59,000 59,000
Mexico 49,835 50,765 52,745 54,270 54,605 54,605
Russia 31,042 31,109 33,150 29,990 29,250 28,720
Canada 24,628 25,792 24,759 24,402 24,748 24,748
Argentina 20,220 19,344 17,580 18,026 20,441 20,441
Nigeria 20,955 21,177 21,591 20,159 19,750 19,750
Ethiopia 18,644 17,898 17,382 17,800 17,930 17,980
Turkey 18,112 17,609 17,954 17,309 17,070 17,370
Japan 17,290 16,822 16,804 16,923 17,190 16,990
Egypt 17,273 17,891 14,556 16,190 16,240 16,240
Vietnam 17,200 15,300 14,472 14,550 15,750 15,750
South Africa 13,957 13,280 13,918 14,341 14,323 14,358
Others 302,568 290,225 283,648 289,870 292,020 292,135
Subtotal 1,145,999 1,164,090 1,145,933 1,164,150 1,191,070 1,191,537
United States 317,604 324,909 314,967 330,349 331,893 331,246
World Total 1,463,603 1,488,999 1,460,900 1,494,499 1,522,963 1,522,783
none
Ending Stocks
China 207,726 210,035 206,770 213,554 205,324 207,241
European Union 14,507 18,805 16,586 15,126 14,060 14,001
Mexico 3,604 3,944 5,296 5,298 4,947 4,947
Argentina 3,998 5,582 3,185 5,226 3,852 3,881
Brazil 5,086 4,573 10,769 9,574 3,529 3,574
Canada 3,628 3,706 3,717 3,681 3,070 3,070
India 3,359 3,387 3,589 3,908 2,947 2,947
Others 51,163 54,435 49,482 44,243 38,574 38,493
Subtotal 293,071 304,467 299,394 300,610 276,303 278,154
United States 34,013 37,475 37,136 47,872 46,984 41,837
World Total 327,084 341,942 336,530 348,482 323,287 319,991

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 24 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Regional Coarse Grains Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons

Dec Jan
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25

TY Imports none
North America 21,701 27,491 25,947 30,700 30,047 30,047
Central America 4,744 5,400 5,450 5,569 5,750 5,750
Caribbean 2,394 2,151 2,009 2,234 2,236 2,236
South America 16,844 18,716 16,918 18,278 16,668 16,768
European Union 15,820 21,567 25,639 21,737 21,055 21,055
Former Soviet Union - 12 771 813 1,326 1,105 832 879
Middle East 32,289 33,443 26,328 29,493 25,286 26,186
North Africa 21,323 19,650 16,603 21,025 20,381 20,381
Sub-Saharan Africa 3,591 3,963 3,715 5,056 5,191 5,631
East Asia 83,818 74,316 64,613 81,158 65,753 63,753
Southeast Asia 20,169 17,339 17,977 21,404 21,375 21,375
Others 6,084 6,962 5,074 6,569 6,335 6,335
Total 229,548 231,811 211,599 244,328 220,909 220,396
Production none
North America 434,564 454,206 420,861 459,226 453,862 447,438
South America 168,202 199,187 203,182 201,651 210,737 210,922
European Union 155,464 155,030 133,099 136,882 136,410 136,105
Other Europe 21,820 18,070 16,675 18,395 17,508 17,508
Former Soviet Union - 12 94,996 105,981 91,284 95,909 82,695 82,165
Middle East 26,534 17,922 21,561 24,617 23,577 23,577
North Africa 9,799 12,704 11,160 10,812 10,577 10,577
Sub-Saharan Africa 135,096 126,880 133,668 127,932 127,621 127,221
East Asia 271,967 284,547 288,704 300,194 303,353 306,270
South Asia 69,463 69,683 76,778 76,075 76,789 76,789
Southeast Asia 35,693 35,481 34,864 35,580 35,420 35,420
Oceania 19,111 19,778 19,393 15,025 16,324 16,045
Others 4,401 4,388 4,259 4,153 4,255 4,255
Total 1,447,110 1,503,857 1,455,488 1,506,451 1,499,128 1,494,292
Domestic Consumption none
North America 392,067 401,466 392,471 409,021 411,246 410,599
South America 121,821 122,537 129,651 138,734 140,979 143,064
European Union 159,483 158,273 149,702 148,935 149,470 149,245
Other Europe 20,688 18,928 17,808 18,453 18,799 18,799
Former Soviet Union - 12 56,872 57,321 54,950 51,203 51,878 51,390
Middle East 56,990 52,657 48,612 50,454 49,811 50,111
North Africa 32,953 31,904 27,032 31,441 31,596 31,596
Sub-Saharan Africa 131,605 125,776 131,985 130,970 129,596 129,856
East Asia 349,157 356,652 356,948 374,530 377,310 376,410
South Asia 68,355 68,607 75,006 76,286 79,656 79,656
Southeast Asia 53,161 51,226 49,699 51,031 52,759 52,759
Oceania 8,791 8,394 8,207 7,754 7,844 7,857
Others 11,606 11,770 11,615 11,945 12,270 12,270
Total 1,463,549 1,465,511 1,453,686 1,500,757 1,513,214 1,513,612
Ending Stocks none
North America 41,245 45,125 46,149 56,851 55,001 49,854
South America 12,499 13,341 16,651 17,031 9,512 9,605
European Union 14,507 18,805 16,586 15,126 14,060 14,001
Other Europe 2,971 2,655 2,412 2,597 2,277 2,313
Former Soviet Union - 12 5,252 12,337 7,677 6,189 3,762 3,742
Middle East 6,595 5,209 5,740 6,405 5,763 5,762
North Africa 2,765 3,229 2,945 3,183 2,744 2,744
Sub-Saharan Africa 13,916 13,128 12,978 11,333 10,131 10,114
East Asia 212,115 214,318 210,676 217,494 209,265 211,082
South Asia 5,647 5,329 6,271 5,927 4,890 4,890
Southeast Asia 5,595 3,758 3,499 3,691 3,264 3,264
Oceania 3,084 3,722 4,045 1,676 1,632 1,634
Others 893 986 901 979 986 986
Total 327,084 341,942 336,530 348,482 323,287 319,991

NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 25 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Corn Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
TY Exports
Brazil 27,492 31,921 53,285 46,471 46,000 44,000
Argentina 36,544 38,853 25,740 31,213 37,000 38,000
Ukraine 23,864 26,980 27,122 29,488 23,000 23,000
Russia 3,989 4,000 5,900 6,600 3,300 3,300
Paraguay 2,563 3,187 3,968 2,864 2,700 2,700
South Africa 2,751 3,830 3,619 2,464 2,600 2,600
European Union 3,735 6,027 4,196 4,388 2,500 2,500
Burma 2,600 2,300 2,000 2,850 2,300 2,300
Canada 1,592 2,200 2,839 2,155 2,100 2,100
Serbia 3,157 1,495 534 2,355 1,400 1,400
Others 7,869 9,839 8,893 7,657 5,322 5,322
Subtotal 116,156 130,632 138,096 138,505 128,222 127,222
United States 68,293 62,903 42,844 59,347 62,500 62,500
World Total 184,449 193,535 180,940 197,852 190,722 189,722
none
TY Imports
Mexico 16,498 17,584 19,392 24,759 24,500 24,500
European Union 14,493 19,735 23,188 19,831 19,500 19,500
Japan 15,471 15,003 14,927 15,291 15,500 15,300
China 29,512 21,884 18,711 23,407 14,000 13,000
Vietnam 11,200 9,100 9,500 11,300 12,200 12,200
Korea, South 11,708 11,510 11,099 11,550 11,800 11,500
Egypt 9,633 9,763 6,215 8,019 8,200 8,200
Iran 7,200 8,600 6,700 8,500 8,100 8,100
Colombia 5,795 6,512 6,343 6,622 6,600 6,600
Algeria 4,215 3,273 4,069 4,956 5,000 5,000
Taiwan 4,386 4,553 4,193 4,590 4,700 4,700
Saudi Arabia 3,017 4,071 3,289 4,989 4,600 4,600
Peru 3,679 3,514 3,324 4,288 3,900 3,900
Malaysia 3,700 3,678 3,448 3,872 3,700 3,700
Morocco 2,474 1,963 2,244 2,736 2,700 2,700
United Kingdom 2,546 2,521 2,036 2,756 2,550 2,550
Turkey 1,761 3,782 2,388 3,307 1,900 2,300
Canada 1,550 6,108 2,237 2,752 2,200 2,200
Chile 2,333 2,497 2,344 2,586 2,200 2,200
Guatemala 1,358 1,574 1,618 1,894 1,800 1,800
Thailand 1,838 1,480 1,346 2,018 1,800 1,800
Philippines 338 669 1,024 1,784 1,650 1,650
Dominican Republic 1,492 1,354 1,386 1,665 1,550 1,550
Bangladesh 1,848 2,544 1,145 864 1,500 1,500
Brazil 2,281 3,316 1,684 1,450 1,400 1,400
Others 18,891 19,824 18,409 23,178 19,969 20,299
Subtotal 179,217 186,412 172,259 198,964 183,519 182,749
Unaccounted 4,603 6,516 7,660 -1,818 6,553 6,323
United States 629 607 1,021 706 650 650
World Total 184,449 193,535 180,940 197,852 190,722 189,722

TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 26 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Corn Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
Production
China 260,670 272,552 277,200 288,842 292,000 294,917
Brazil 87,000 116,000 137,000 122,000 127,000 127,000
European Union 67,440 71,672 52,379 61,868 58,000 58,000
Argentina 55,000 52,000 37,000 50,000 51,000 51,000
India 31,647 33,730 38,085 37,665 38,000 38,000
Ukraine 30,297 42,126 27,000 32,500 26,500 26,500
Mexico 27,346 26,762 28,077 23,500 23,700 23,700
South Africa 16,951 16,137 17,100 13,400 17,000 17,000
Canada 13,563 14,611 14,539 15,421 15,345 15,345
Russia 13,872 15,225 15,832 16,600 13,000 13,250
Indonesia 12,600 12,700 12,400 12,700 12,800 12,800
Nigeria 12,400 12,745 12,949 11,053 11,000 11,000
Ethiopia 10,022 9,400 10,200 10,000 10,200 10,200
Pakistan 8,940 9,525 10,985 9,847 9,500 9,500
Philippines 8,352 8,344 8,322 8,100 8,300 8,300
Others 119,887 123,516 117,571 126,844 119,900 120,200
Subtotal 775,987 837,045 816,639 840,340 833,245 836,712
United States 357,819 381,469 346,739 389,667 384,644 377,633
World Total 1,133,806 1,218,514 1,163,378 1,230,007 1,217,889 1,214,345
none
Total Consumption
China 285,000 291,000 299,000 307,000 313,000 313,000
Brazil 70,500 71,000 78,000 85,000 85,500 87,500
European Union 77,700 81,700 74,800 78,100 75,700 75,700
Mexico 43,800 44,000 46,000 48,100 48,500 48,500
India 27,850 30,000 34,700 37,900 39,100 39,100
Argentina 16,800 15,700 14,200 14,250 16,300 16,300
Canada 13,976 17,984 14,927 15,779 15,600 15,600
Japan 15,450 15,040 15,000 15,300 15,550 15,350
Egypt 16,400 17,000 13,700 15,300 15,300 15,300
Vietnam 16,450 14,750 13,850 14,250 15,250 15,250
Indonesia 13,300 13,800 13,400 14,100 14,300 14,300
South Africa 13,220 12,655 13,239 13,600 13,600 13,600
Korea, South 11,780 11,560 11,350 11,600 11,850 11,650
Nigeria 12,500 12,600 12,900 12,200 11,200 11,200
Russia 10,000 11,100 10,000 10,200 10,200 10,400
Others 199,915 203,530 194,824 207,718 204,615 205,755
Subtotal 842,807 885,190 866,828 895,297 914,688 916,763
United States 308,215 315,665 305,928 321,921 322,976 321,706
World Total 1,151,022 1,200,855 1,172,756 1,217,218 1,237,664 1,238,469
none
Ending Stocks
China 205,704 209,137 206,040 211,286 204,266 206,183
European Union 7,828 11,508 8,079 7,290 6,546 6,590
Mexico 3,079 3,175 4,594 4,723 4,393 4,393
Brazil 4,653 3,971 10,041 8,841 2,841 2,841
Argentina 3,132 4,748 2,324 4,089 2,794 2,794
India 2,028 2,395 2,658 2,823 1,923 1,923
Korea, South 2,018 2,056 1,898 1,942 1,987 1,887
Others 36,592 42,086 34,488 31,676 27,540 27,606
Subtotal 265,034 279,076 270,122 272,670 252,290 254,217
United States 31,358 34,975 34,551 44,792 44,153 39,121
World Total 296,392 314,051 304,673 317,462 296,443 293,338

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 27 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Regional Corn Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons

Dec Jan
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25

TY Imports none
North America 18,677 24,299 22,650 28,217 27,350 27,350
Central America 4,744 5,400 5,450 5,569 5,750 5,750
South America 15,639 17,371 15,503 16,850 15,270 15,270
European Union 14,493 19,735 23,188 19,831 19,500 19,500
Former Soviet Union - 12 322 430 472 398 306 326
Middle East 17,805 21,804 17,086 23,158 19,450 19,850
North Africa 18,000 16,809 14,149 17,484 17,500 17,500
Sub-Saharan Africa 2,895 3,384 2,962 4,264 4,468 4,778
East Asia 61,116 53,000 48,977 54,883 46,045 44,545
Southeast Asia 18,130 16,222 16,392 20,925 20,570 20,570
Caribbean 2,391 2,147 2,008 2,232 2,235 2,235
Others 5,634 6,418 4,443 5,859 5,725 5,725
Total 179,846 187,019 173,280 199,670 184,169 183,399
Production none
North America 398,728 422,842 389,355 428,588 423,689 416,678
South America 153,223 182,556 186,972 184,390 191,880 191,880
European Union 67,440 71,672 52,379 61,868 58,000 58,000
Other Europe 10,320 7,591 5,875 8,224 6,978 6,978
Former Soviet Union - 12 49,108 64,309 47,907 55,326 45,647 45,897
Middle East 9,315 8,753 9,461 10,879 9,549 9,549
North Africa 6,433 7,507 7,487 7,262 7,072 7,072
Sub-Saharan Africa 87,425 87,074 87,831 86,582 84,377 84,677
East Asia 263,041 275,026 279,702 291,349 294,511 297,428
South Asia 48,795 51,243 57,255 55,746 56,424 56,424
Central America 3,431 3,475 3,441 3,402 3,439 3,439
Southeast Asia 35,403 35,191 34,574 35,290 35,130 35,130
Others 1,144 1,275 1,139 1,101 1,193 1,193
Total 1,133,806 1,218,514 1,163,378 1,230,007 1,217,889 1,214,345
Domestic Consumption none
North America 365,991 377,649 366,855 385,800 387,076 385,806
South America 110,489 110,565 116,008 124,974 126,235 128,235
European Union 77,700 81,700 74,800 78,100 75,700 75,700
Other Europe 10,063 9,049 8,469 8,767 8,910 8,910
Former Soviet Union - 12 22,415 25,128 20,185 20,130 20,790 21,005
Middle East 26,830 30,102 25,762 31,773 28,555 28,855
North Africa 25,980 23,910 20,995 24,720 24,600 24,600
Sub-Saharan Africa 83,810 84,747 85,767 88,636 85,849 86,674
East Asia 319,169 324,650 332,096 340,946 347,545 347,145
South Asia 47,720 49,747 55,143 56,016 58,990 58,990
Southeast Asia 50,906 49,759 47,863 50,206 51,665 51,665
Central America 8,295 8,670 8,765 9,030 9,190 9,190
Others 3,488 3,408 3,110 3,220 3,436 3,436
Total 1,152,856 1,179,084 1,165,818 1,222,318 1,228,541 1,230,211
Ending Stocks none
North America 36,606 40,896 40,773 51,511 50,387 45,355
South America 10,698 11,521 14,604 14,772 7,330 7,351
European Union 7,828 11,508 8,079 7,290 6,546 6,590
Other Europe 1,547 1,324 762 991 703 689
Former Soviet Union - 12 2,227 9,678 4,386 3,263 1,721 1,776
Middle East 3,233 3,043 3,036 2,951 2,951 2,950
North Africa 1,897 2,012 2,161 2,141 1,912 1,912
Sub-Saharan Africa 11,678 11,714 11,296 9,906 8,652 8,657
East Asia 209,833 213,206 209,780 215,064 208,055 209,872
South Asia 4,285 4,324 5,330 4,835 3,858 3,858
Southeast Asia 5,589 3,749 3,490 3,685 3,258 3,258
Central America 707 834 771 785 824 824
Others 264 242 205 268 246 246
Total 296,392 314,051 304,673 317,462 296,443 293,338

NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 28 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Barley Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
TY Exports
Australia 8,007 8,233 7,084 7,909 6,200 6,200
European Union 8,559 6,355 6,614 6,694 6,200 6,200
Argentina 2,458 3,765 2,908 2,843 3,400 3,400
Russia 5,691 3,100 5,400 5,800 2,600 2,600
Ukraine 5,053 2,710 2,559 3,176 2,400 2,400
Canada 3,520 1,973 2,899 2,469 2,100 2,100
Kazakhstan 1,028 563 1,253 1,399 1,600 1,600
United Kingdom 1,280 785 1,061 653 750 750
Uruguay 185 317 127 350 150 250
Turkey 122 215 121 151 150 150
Others 1,120 403 311 348 339 339
Subtotal 37,023 28,419 30,337 31,792 25,889 25,989
United States 349 68 57 152 100 100
World Total 37,372 28,487 30,394 31,944 25,989 26,089
none
TY Imports
China 12,049 8,282 8,582 15,898 10,000 9,500
Saudi Arabia 6,100 4,700 3,100 2,600 2,200 2,200
Iran 3,700 1,700 1,300 1,400 1,000 1,500
European Union 1,150 1,237 2,157 1,625 1,400 1,400
Japan 1,132 1,184 1,227 1,203 1,200 1,200
Morocco 456 760 734 1,462 850 850
Brazil 398 734 652 759 725 825
Jordan 484 1,166 1,261 847 800 800
Tunisia 1,008 845 766 701 750 750
Algeria 778 688 180 900 600 600
Libya 1,043 535 750 450 600 600
Mexico 499 363 544 471 500 500
Vietnam 747 553 622 297 500 500
Qatar 358 292 394 155 450 450
Colombia 336 333 353 329 350 350
Kuwait 507 551 410 300 300 300
United Arab Emirates 453 337 260 320 300 300
India 14 101 253 100 200 200
Israel 463 317 260 200 200 200
Turkey 1,634 2,036 1,967 127 200 200
Others 3,272 2,118 2,712 2,132 1,901 1,901
Subtotal 36,581 28,832 28,484 32,276 25,026 25,126
Unaccounted 654 -803 1,452 -546 663 663
United States 137 458 458 214 300 300
World Total 37,372 28,487 30,394 31,944 25,989 26,089

TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 29 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Barley Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
Production
European Union 54,235 52,065 51,829 47,813 50,400 50,400
Russia 20,629 17,505 21,500 20,500 16,500 16,250
Australia 14,649 14,337 14,137 10,800 11,700 11,700
Canada 10,741 6,984 9,987 8,905 8,144 8,144
United Kingdom 8,117 6,961 7,385 6,963 7,200 7,200
Turkey 8,100 4,500 7,400 8,000 7,000 7,000
Ukraine 7,947 9,923 6,100 6,350 5,900 5,900
Argentina 4,035 5,300 4,695 5,100 4,900 4,900
Kazakhstan 3,659 2,367 3,287 2,614 3,600 3,600
Iran 3,600 2,700 3,000 3,000 3,100 3,100
Ethiopia 2,261 2,350 2,184 2,450 2,485 2,485
China 2,036 2,134 2,192 2,000 2,000 2,000
India 1,720 1,656 1,371 1,913 1,699 1,699
Iraq 1,850 360 235 200 1,400 1,400
Algeria 1,213 950 1,400 1,025 1,200 1,200
Others 12,993 12,488 10,484 11,689 11,717 11,920
Subtotal 157,785 142,580 147,186 139,322 138,945 138,898
United States 3,717 2,626 3,787 4,052 3,132 3,132
World Total 161,502 145,206 150,973 143,374 142,077 142,030
none
Total Consumption
European Union 48,250 45,450 46,700 43,300 46,000 45,950
Russia 14,400 14,300 16,700 14,700 14,300 14,100
China 12,600 11,600 11,000 16,400 13,200 12,700
Turkey 9,000 7,400 8,700 7,300 8,000 8,000
Canada 7,747 5,399 6,699 6,269 6,600 6,600
United Kingdom 7,215 6,380 6,046 6,434 6,600 6,600
Australia 6,500 6,000 6,000 5,800 5,900 5,900
Iran 6,900 4,700 5,300 4,300 4,300 4,300
Ukraine 4,100 4,100 3,400 3,500 3,800 3,800
Saudi Arabia 7,025 4,225 4,325 2,025 2,625 2,625
Ethiopia 2,325 2,375 2,200 2,500 2,450 2,450
Morocco 1,165 3,120 1,586 2,350 2,300 2,300
Kazakhstan 2,550 2,300 2,450 1,900 2,050 2,050
India 1,900 1,700 1,600 1,880 1,950 1,950
Algeria 2,250 1,950 1,400 1,850 1,750 1,750
Others 24,121 21,130 20,715 19,700 21,622 21,843
Subtotal 158,174 144,521 144,994 138,603 142,729 142,704
United States 3,860 3,532 3,628 3,962 3,484 3,484
World Total 162,034 148,053 148,622 142,565 146,213 146,188
none
Ending Stocks
European Union 5,011 5,287 5,726 5,442 5,100 5,092
United Kingdom 1,058 964 1,268 1,218 1,168 1,218
Australia 2,518 2,848 3,220 1,108 1,120 1,108
Saudi Arabia 1,002 991 980 967 954 954
Ukraine 661 780 770 1,139 741 741
Turkey 512 306 922 1,687 737 737
Canada 711 543 709 1,152 721 721
Others 8,365 6,018 5,869 7,290 5,526 5,539
Subtotal 19,838 17,737 19,464 20,003 16,067 16,110
United States 1,555 809 1,433 1,703 1,503 1,438
World Total 21,393 18,546 20,897 21,706 17,570 17,548

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 30 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Regional Barley Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons

Dec Jan
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25

TY Imports none
North America 937 1,025 1,038 808 925 925
South America 927 1,261 1,209 1,259 1,255 1,355
European Union 1,150 1,237 2,157 1,625 1,400 1,400
Other Europe 191 198 171 406 196 196
Former Soviet Union - 12 425 371 829 668 514 514
Middle East 14,426 11,506 9,207 6,284 5,800 6,300
North Africa 3,305 2,835 2,452 3,533 2,870 2,870
Sub-Saharan Africa 19 61 109 130 80 80
East Asia 13,273 9,576 9,935 17,215 11,295 10,795
South Asia 34 109 280 115 211 211
Oceania 46 45 19 5 30 30
Total 36,718 29,290 28,942 32,490 25,326 25,426
Production none
North America 15,363 10,700 14,569 13,737 12,056 12,056
South America 5,727 7,042 6,528 6,871 6,631 6,806
European Union 54,235 52,065 51,829 47,813 50,400 50,400
Other Europe 9,699 8,531 8,961 8,498 8,751 8,751
Former Soviet Union - 12 35,721 32,811 34,200 32,702 29,615 29,365
Middle East 15,919 7,938 10,925 12,565 12,810 12,810
North Africa 2,529 4,348 2,809 2,655 2,600 2,600
Sub-Saharan Africa 3,004 2,837 2,646 3,007 3,035 3,040
East Asia 2,385 2,474 2,494 2,302 2,289 2,289
South Asia 1,933 1,798 1,545 2,066 1,855 1,855
Oceania 14,987 14,662 14,467 11,158 12,035 12,058
Total 161,502 145,206 150,973 143,374 142,077 142,030
Domestic Consumption none
North America 12,907 10,431 11,677 11,581 11,384 11,384
South America 4,207 4,195 4,540 4,679 4,454 4,629
European Union 48,250 45,450 46,700 43,300 46,000 45,950
Other Europe 8,765 7,930 7,580 7,967 8,129 8,130
Former Soviet Union - 12 24,679 23,760 26,022 23,565 23,891 23,701
Middle East 28,802 21,209 21,628 17,446 19,997 19,997
North Africa 6,108 7,146 5,162 5,820 6,090 6,090
Sub-Saharan Africa 2,982 2,913 2,793 3,079 3,070 3,090
East Asia 14,283 13,278 12,703 18,010 14,795 14,295
South Asia 2,119 1,868 1,797 2,051 2,106 2,106
Oceania 6,900 6,350 6,355 6,170 6,265 6,280
Total 161,908 145,661 148,449 144,170 146,931 146,402
Ending Stocks none
North America 2,676 1,802 2,560 3,204 2,553 2,488
South America 951 902 1,051 1,227 962 1,009
European Union 5,011 5,287 5,726 5,442 5,100 5,092
Other Europe 1,226 1,125 1,453 1,423 1,372 1,422
Former Soviet Union - 12 2,341 2,063 2,582 2,358 1,610 1,560
Middle East 3,342 2,133 2,682 3,447 2,810 2,810
North Africa 862 1,197 774 1,030 810 810
Sub-Saharan Africa 432 388 327 337 324 332
East Asia 1,842 614 340 1,847 636 636
South Asia 144 128 131 237 227 227
Oceania 2,560 2,898 3,262 1,148 1,160 1,156
Total 21,393 18,546 20,897 21,706 17,570 17,548

NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 31 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Sorghum Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
TY Exports
Australia 1,235 2,267 2,753 2,060 2,100 2,100
Argentina 1,973 1,800 800 1,100 1,700 1,700
Brazil 11 10 1 93 125 200
India 56 41 37 33 50 50
Nigeria 50 50 50 50 50 50
Ukraine 59 72 66 36 50 50
Paraguay 1 21 38 63 35 35
Others 250 170 85 86 97 87
Subtotal 3,635 4,431 3,830 3,521 4,207 4,272
United States 6,926 7,387 2,965 6,118 5,200 5,200
World Total 10,561 11,818 6,795 9,639 9,407 9,472
none
TY Imports
China 8,669 10,991 4,863 8,341 7,700 7,700
Japan 299 258 241 127 150 150
South Africa 8 1 29 78 75 150
Sudan 125 75 110 60 100 125
Mexico 133 362 176 60 100 100
Eritrea 65 95 63 162 70 70
Ethiopia 5 12 35 10 15 60
Kenya 181 79 152 24 75 60
South Sudan 71 55 35 30 50 50
Somalia 50 50 50 50 50 50
Others 361 552 334 444 353 348
Subtotal 9,967 12,530 6,088 9,386 8,738 8,863
Unaccounted 593 -712 707 252 668 608
United States 1 0 0 1 1 1
World Total 10,561 11,818 6,795 9,639 9,407 9,472

TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 32 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Sorghum Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
Production
Nigeria 6,590 6,725 6,806 6,400 6,900 6,900
Brazil 2,084 3,120 4,789 4,426 5,000 5,000
Mexico 4,348 4,840 4,892 4,485 4,500 4,500
India 4,812 4,150 3,814 4,737 4,400 4,400
Ethiopia 5,058 4,450 4,140 4,010 4,100 4,100
Argentina 3,319 2,883 1,610 2,487 3,600 3,600
Sudan 5,150 3,528 5,248 3,055 4,000 3,300
China 2,970 3,377 3,094 3,000 3,000 3,000
Australia 1,639 2,648 2,638 2,200 2,400 2,100
Niger 2,132 1,207 2,100 1,700 1,900 1,900
Burkina Faso 1,840 1,644 2,014 1,859 1,900 1,900
Mali 1,823 1,248 1,582 1,528 1,500 1,500
Cameroon 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200
European Union 1,006 801 522 810 1,060 1,110
Bolivia 1,481 595 886 985 1,000 1,000
Others 8,010 7,660 7,379 7,411 7,220 7,220
Subtotal 53,462 50,076 52,714 50,293 53,680 52,730
United States 9,474 11,375 4,770 8,071 8,147 8,734
World Total 62,936 61,451 57,484 58,364 61,827 61,464
none
Total Consumption
China 11,400 14,300 7,900 11,300 10,700 10,700
Nigeria 6,550 6,650 6,750 6,400 6,850 6,850
Brazil 2,100 3,000 4,700 4,400 4,900 4,800
Mexico 4,500 5,000 5,100 4,600 4,600 4,600
India 4,550 4,450 3,900 4,600 4,400 4,400
Ethiopia 5,200 4,650 4,250 4,050 4,100 4,150
Sudan 5,100 3,700 5,200 3,250 4,100 3,450
Burkina Faso 1,900 1,650 1,950 1,875 1,900 1,900
Niger 2,050 1,400 2,000 1,800 1,850 1,850
Argentina 1,050 1,150 1,000 1,150 1,700 1,700
Mali 1,700 1,400 1,550 1,500 1,500 1,500
Cameroon 1,230 1,215 1,210 1,215 1,215 1,215
European Union 1,033 948 552 815 1,055 1,105
Bolivia 1,400 650 850 1,000 1,000 1,000
Tanzania 1,025 1,050 1,025 1,000 1,000 1,000
Others 7,751 7,556 7,172 7,356 6,982 6,997
Subtotal 60,043 57,981 55,192 56,757 59,093 58,168
United States 2,638 3,175 2,585 1,782 2,541 3,175
World Total 62,681 61,156 57,777 58,539 61,634 61,343
none
Ending Stocks
Brazil 266 390 495 483 473 498
China 269 332 387 426 421 421
Argentina 187 221 181 219 419 419
Mexico 102 303 270 214 213 213
Mali 296 144 176 204 204 204
India 598 258 135 240 190 190
Niger 221 53 178 103 178 178
Others 1,524 1,372 1,543 1,086 1,034 1,001
Subtotal 3,463 3,073 3,365 2,975 3,132 3,124
United States 516 1,201 616 831 795 803
World Total 3,979 4,274 3,981 3,806 3,927 3,927

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 33 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Regional Sorghum Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons

Dec Jan
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25

TY Imports none
North America 134 362 176 61 101 101
South America 37 31 40 77 33 33
European Union 13 167 38 16 15 15
Other Europe 23 19 13 12 20 15
Middle East 40 85 30 40 26 26
North Africa 0 1 2 3 1 1
Sub-Saharan Africa 656 518 605 630 618 748
East Asia 9,030 11,307 5,157 8,522 7,899 7,899
Southeast Asia 28 32 21 21 25 25
Others 7 8 6 5 1 1
Total 9,968 12,530 6,088 9,387 8,739 8,864
Production none
North America 13,822 16,215 9,662 12,556 12,647 13,234
Central America 246 206 212 157 157 157
Caribbean 76 71 66 61 61 61
South America 7,128 6,817 7,451 8,092 9,840 9,840
European Union 1,006 801 522 810 1,060 1,110
Middle East 616 664 469 468 498 498
North Africa 762 803 755 784 794 794
Sub-Saharan Africa 29,585 25,388 28,641 25,338 26,785 26,085
East Asia 2,972 3,379 3,098 3,002 3,002 3,002
South Asia 4,908 4,214 3,863 4,776 4,441 4,441
Southeast Asia 50 50 50 50 50 50
Oceania 1,639 2,648 2,638 2,200 2,400 2,100
Others 126 195 57 70 92 92
Total 62,936 61,451 57,484 58,364 61,827 61,464
Domestic Consumption none
North America 7,138 8,175 7,685 6,382 7,141 7,775
Central America 250 208 212 157 157 157
Caribbean 78 74 68 63 62 62
South America 4,822 4,999 6,687 6,699 7,810 7,710
European Union 1,033 948 552 815 1,055 1,105
Middle East 656 742 501 506 524 524
North Africa 764 789 766 785 785 785
Sub-Saharan Africa 29,719 26,524 28,844 26,223 27,223 26,643
East Asia 11,774 14,620 8,198 11,496 10,901 10,901
South Asia 4,651 4,518 3,954 4,641 4,441 4,441
Southeast Asia 83 77 76 67 74 74
Oceania 95 160 110 210 160 160
Others 114 110 41 49 60 55
Total 61,177 61,944 57,694 58,093 60,393 60,392
Ending Stocks none
North America 618 1,504 886 1,045 1,008 1,016
Central America 7 5 5 5 5 5
South America 626 731 832 843 1,033 1,056
European Union 20 18 15 17 19 17
Middle East 0 0 0 0 0 0
North Africa 6 20 10 12 22 22
Sub-Saharan Africa 1,772 1,003 1,324 1,054 1,124 1,094
East Asia 295 356 411 437 432 432
South Asia 598 258 135 240 190 190
Oceania 20 331 351 142 81 82
Others 17 48 12 11 13 13
Total 3,979 4,274 3,981 3,806 3,927 3,927

NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 34 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Oats Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
TY Exports
Canada 1,959 1,222 1,891 1,436 1,350 1,350
Australia 391 512 574 300 450 450
Russia 90 150 150 275 275 275
European Union 145 202 90 118 125 125
United Kingdom 31 167 147 95 125 125
Kazakhstan 5 2 13 16 15 15
Ukraine 15 9 4 19 15 15
Others 11 67 41 20 19 19
Subtotal 2,647 2,331 2,910 2,279 2,374 2,374
United States 51 33 29 30 30 30
World Total 2,698 2,364 2,939 2,309 2,404 2,404
none
TY Imports
China 301 342 463 461 425 425
Mexico 171 189 185 178 125 125
European Union 33 209 125 98 75 75
Chile 169 12 75 25 50 50
India 46 45 53 32 50 50
Japan 48 48 44 44 50 50
Switzerland 49 50 42 43 45 45
Peru 44 30 45 40 35 35
Malaysia 26 19 28 16 30 30
Korea, South 24 26 22 21 25 25
South Africa 21 0 39 32 25 25
Canada 19 28 21 17 20 20
Norway 15 32 13 50 20 20
United Kingdom 18 16 19 15 20 20
Uruguay 1 10 21 15 15 15
Others 59 26 47 40 34 36
Subtotal 1,044 1,082 1,242 1,127 1,044 1,046
Unaccounted 82 26 97 84 110 108
United States 1,572 1,256 1,600 1,098 1,250 1,250
World Total 2,698 2,364 2,939 2,309 2,404 2,404

TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 35 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Oats Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
Production
European Union 8,473 7,502 7,485 5,971 7,600 7,625
Canada 4,576 2,899 5,226 2,643 3,358 3,358
Russia 4,127 3,733 4,500 3,300 3,250 3,000
Australia 1,898 1,735 1,587 1,000 1,200 1,200
Brazil 853 1,143 1,190 984 1,060 1,060
United Kingdom 1,031 1,123 1,007 830 1,000 1,000
China 760 780 790 840 850 850
Argentina 510 725 429 565 600 600
Chile 525 578 333 458 475 475
Ukraine 515 478 380 430 400 400
Turkey 315 276 365 325 340 340
Belarus 445 350 375 350 320 320
Kazakhstan 240 182 229 150 300 300
Norway 316 269 291 300 300 300
Algeria 69 40 105 105 105 105
Others 355 436 386 383 396 399
Subtotal 25,008 22,249 24,678 18,634 21,554 21,332
United States 954 578 837 828 984 984
World Total 25,962 22,827 25,515 19,462 22,538 22,316
none
Total Consumption
European Union 8,250 7,475 7,400 6,285 7,415 7,415
Russia 4,050 3,650 4,300 3,050 3,000 2,750
Canada 2,340 1,920 2,565 1,977 2,050 2,050
China 1,025 1,125 1,250 1,300 1,280 1,280
Brazil 850 1,125 1,175 975 1,050 1,050
United Kingdom 969 1,007 870 746 875 875
Australia 1,200 1,200 1,100 750 750 750
Argentina 525 710 450 555 600 600
Chile 615 570 420 505 520 520
Ukraine 475 465 405 415 390 390
Turkey 315 280 370 325 350 350
Belarus 440 350 375 350 325 325
Norway 340 295 300 355 325 325
Kazakhstan 235 205 205 160 265 260
Mexico 235 265 295 220 205 205
Others 683 652 713 682 718 723
Subtotal 22,784 21,405 22,191 18,607 20,197 20,019
United States 2,362 2,015 2,219 2,057 2,248 2,237
World Total 25,146 23,420 24,410 20,664 22,445 22,256
none
Ending Stocks
European Union 469 424 596 273 425 433
Canada 657 333 1,275 442 420 420
Australia 416 395 349 304 299 304
United Kingdom 147 157 140 124 144 144
China 143 140 143 144 139 139
Russia 188 122 173 149 124 124
Kazakhstan 78 56 75 60 82 82
Others 407 363 313 345 328 330
Subtotal 2,505 1,990 3,064 1,841 1,961 1,976
United States 552 474 505 526 509 451
World Total 3,057 2,464 3,569 2,367 2,470 2,427

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 36 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Regional Oats Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons

Dec Jan
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25

TY Imports none
North America 1,762 1,473 1,806 1,293 1,395 1,395
South America 241 53 166 92 110 110
European Union 33 209 125 98 75 75
Other Europe 89 104 80 118 90 90
Former Soviet Union - 12 7 7 11 12 4 6
Middle East 0 7 5 1 5 5
North Africa 18 5 0 5 10 10
Sub-Saharan Africa 21 0 39 32 25 25
East Asia 373 416 529 526 500 500
South Asia 46 45 53 32 50 50
Southeast Asia 26 19 28 16 30 30
Oceania 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 2,616 2,338 2,842 2,225 2,294 2,296
Production none
North America 5,593 3,570 6,176 3,526 4,422 4,422
South America 1,949 2,507 2,019 2,070 2,191 2,201
European Union 8,473 7,502 7,485 5,971 7,600 7,625
Other Europe 1,484 1,525 1,432 1,264 1,435 1,435
Former Soviet Union - 12 5,334 4,801 5,490 4,283 4,308 4,058
Middle East 315 276 365 325 340 340
North Africa 75 46 109 111 111 111
Sub-Saharan Africa 57 59 28 41 55 50
East Asia 761 781 791 841 851 851
South Asia 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southeast Asia 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oceania 1,921 1,760 1,620 1,030 1,225 1,223
Total 25,962 22,827 25,515 19,462 22,538 22,316
Domestic Consumption none
North America 4,937 4,200 5,079 4,254 4,503 4,492
South America 2,128 2,513 2,204 2,154 2,285 2,295
European Union 8,250 7,475 7,400 6,285 7,415 7,415
Other Europe 1,506 1,491 1,356 1,280 1,382 1,382
Former Soviet Union - 12 5,211 4,732 5,294 4,032 4,020 3,767
Middle East 315 280 370 325 350 350
North Africa 101 59 109 116 121 121
Sub-Saharan Africa 69 70 69 68 80 75
East Asia 1,097 1,200 1,317 1,366 1,355 1,355
South Asia 46 45 53 31 50 50
Southeast Asia 26 19 28 16 30 30
Oceania 1,223 1,225 1,133 780 775 773
Total 24,909 23,309 24,412 20,707 22,366 22,105
Ending Stocks none
North America 1,222 823 1,794 980 941 883
South America 224 187 164 189 187 189
European Union 469 424 596 273 425 433
Other Europe 198 206 197 183 202 202
Former Soviet Union - 12 341 253 293 257 244 244
Middle East 6 9 8 7 2 2
North Africa 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sub-Saharan Africa 34 23 21 26 26 26
East Asia 144 141 144 145 141 141
South Asia 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southeast Asia 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oceania 419 398 352 307 302 307
Total 3,057 2,464 3,569 2,367 2,470 2,427

NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 37 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Rye Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
TY Exports
European Union 95 210 138 213 190 190
Canada 148 157 222 157 180 180
Russia 101 125 65 190 25 50
Ukraine 58 124 14 8 10 10
Belarus 22 5 5 5 5 5
Others 3 22 30 8 6 6
Subtotal 427 643 474 581 416 441
United States 4 3 5 6 5 5
World Total 431 646 479 587 421 446
none
TY Imports
European Union 131 219 131 167 65 65
Kazakhstan 11 1 10 24 5 30
Japan 22 13 11 8 10 10
United Kingdom 4 11 4 7 5 10
Israel 18 5 0 10 5 5
Norway 10 3 2 7 5 5
Korea, South 4 4 4 4 4 4
Others 10 47 10 12 7 7
Subtotal 210 303 172 239 106 136
Unaccounted 31 12 32 31 40 35
United States 190 331 275 317 275 275
World Total 431 646 479 587 421 446

TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 38 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Rye Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25
Dec Jan

none
Production
European Union 8,968 7,996 7,546 7,636 7,200 7,020
Russia 2,376 1,716 2,000 1,700 1,350 1,150
Belarus 1,051 800 750 780 760 760
Canada 488 372 520 358 421 421
Turkey 296 200 273 320 320 320
Ukraine 459 600 315 240 200 200
Argentina 135 225 179 218 185 185
Others 198 199 250 191 178 178
Subtotal 13,971 12,108 11,833 11,443 10,614 10,234
United States 294 249 316 264 374 374
World Total 14,265 12,357 12,149 11,707 10,988 10,608
none
Total Consumption
European Union 8,750 7,950 7,200 7,485 7,300 7,200
Russia 2,200 1,700 1,850 1,600 1,350 1,150
Belarus 1,050 790 740 750 775 775
Turkey 296 228 283 334 320 320
Ukraine 402 365 277 277 277 277
Canada 289 231 305 180 245 245
Argentina 135 225 179 218 185 185
Kazakhstan 35 45 50 24 35 55
Norway 43 45 63 56 55 55
Australia 32 32 32 32 32 32
Others 149 121 92 123 101 105
Subtotal 13,402 11,734 11,093 11,123 10,699 10,424
United States 529 522 607 627 644 644
World Total 13,931 12,256 11,700 11,750 11,343 11,068
none
Ending Stocks
European Union 743 888 1,202 1,302 1,070 992
Canada 91 84 105 91 88 88
Ukraine 90 164 184 145 58 58
Belarus 31 34 37 65 48 48
Russia 201 93 179 89 64 39
Kazakhstan 4 4 4 1 4 4
Japan 1 1 1 1 1 1
Others 14 24 14 0 0 0
Subtotal 1,175 1,292 1,726 1,694 1,333 1,230
United States 32 16 31 20 24 24
World Total 1,207 1,308 1,757 1,714 1,357 1,254

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 39 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Regional Rye Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons

Dec Jan
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2024/25

TY Imports none
North America 191 332 277 321 276 276
South America 0 0 0 0 0 0
European Union 131 219 131 167 65 65
Other Europe 17 20 10 19 13 18
Former Soviet Union - 12 17 5 14 27 8 33
Middle East 18 41 0 10 5 5
Sub-Saharan Africa 0 0 0 0 0 0
East Asia 26 17 15 12 14 14
Oceania 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 400 634 447 556 381 411
Production none
North America 782 621 836 622 795 795
South America 150 241 196 225 189 189
European Union 8,968 7,996 7,546 7,636 7,200 7,020
Other Europe 118 108 138 131 116 116
Former Soviet Union - 12 3,916 3,156 3,125 2,738 2,333 2,133
Middle East 296 200 273 320 320 320
Sub-Saharan Africa 3 3 3 3 3 3
East Asia 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oceania 32 32 32 32 32 32
Total 14,265 12,357 12,149 11,707 10,988 10,608
Domestic Consumption none
North America 818 753 912 807 889 889
South America 150 241 196 225 189 189
European Union 8,750 7,950 7,200 7,485 7,300 7,200
Other Europe 130 125 120 147 130 134
Former Soviet Union - 12 3,687 2,900 2,917 2,651 2,437 2,257
Middle East 314 233 283 344 325 325
Sub-Saharan Africa 3 3 3 3 3 3
East Asia 26 17 15 12 14 14
Oceania 32 32 32 32 32 32
Total 13,910 12,254 11,678 11,706 11,319 11,043
Ending Stocks none
North America 123 100 136 111 112 112
South America 0 0 0 0 0 0
European Union 743 888 1,202 1,302 1,070 992
Other Europe 0 0 0 0 0 0
Former Soviet Union - 12 326 295 404 300 174 149
Middle East 14 24 14 0 0 0
Sub-Saharan Africa 0 0 0 0 0 0
East Asia 1 1 1 1 1 1
Oceania 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1,207 1,308 1,757 1,714 1,357 1,254

NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 40 January 2025

Global Market Analysis