INTRODUCTION OF DATA CENTER

Trainer: Rakesh Sinnya

Cypher Technology P. Ltd.
rakesh@cyphertechnepal.com

Co-Trainer: Bipin Maharjan

Cypher Technology P. Ltd.
bipin@cyphertechnepal.com
 AGENDA
• Overview of Data Center Concept
• What is Data Center
• Types of Data Center
• Components of Data Center
• Access Control
• CCTV
• Rodent Repellant System
• Fire Suppression
• Power Supply
• Cooling System
• Containment
• Network Components
 OVERVIEW OF DATA CENTER:

WHAT IS DATA CENTER?

A Data Center is a physical location where companies

store and manage their computing equipment and
digital data. It houses essential IT infrastructure, such
as servers, data storage devices and networking
equipment, needed to support various business
operations. Simply put, it as the physical place where
a company’s digital information is securely kept and
processed.
 DATA CENTER TIER?

Why do we • With so many datacenters with different size we

need standard to identify the overall capabilities
need and level of services of the datacenters
• The 4-Tier ranking was established in 2005.
• The each of tier focuses on:

Tier? • Infrastructure
• Level of redundancy
• Promised uptime level.
 Rating/Standards of Data Center
(Infrastructure, Electrical, Mechanical & Network)

• Rating/Tier 1- Single path for power and cooling without redundancy. i.e. N

• Rating /Tier 2- Single path for power and cooling with component redundancy.i.e.N+1

• Rating /Tier 3- Concurrently maintainable. i.e 2N.

• Rating /Tier 4- Fault Tolerant. i.e 2(N+1)

Tier- I Data Center

• Single path for power and cooling to the server

equipment, with no redundant component

• Typically lacks features seen in larger data

centers, such as a backup cooling system or
Expected generator
Uptime
99.671%
28.9 hours per
year
Tier- II Data Center

• Single path for power and cooling to the server

equipment, with no redundant component

• Typically lacks features seen in larger data

Expected centers, such as a backup cooling system or
generator
Uptime:
99.741%
22 hours per
year
Tier- III Data Center
Multiple power and cooing distribution paths to
servers, to ensure availability oif one path fails

Multiple power sources for all IT equipment

Expected
Uptime: Specific procedures that allow for maintenance to
99.982% be done in the data center, without causing
1.6 hours downtime

per year
Tier- IV Data Center
Fully Meets all requirement fo Tiers I - III

Fully fault tolerant infrastructure; it can function

normally even in the event of 1 or more equipment
failures.
Expected
Uptime:
Redundancy in everything: Multiple cooling units,
99.995 % backup generators, power sources, chillers, etc.
26.3 minutes
per year
TYPE OF DATA CENTER:

Modular (New Technology)

Conventional (Old Technology)

Containerized
 Types of Precision AC
 Cooling Mechanism – Precision AC
 Humidifier – Humidity Control
 Processor-based temperature control
1. Down Flow
2. In-row Based
3. Front Flow
 TYPE OF DATA CENTER:

• ENTERPRISE DATA CENTERS:

An enterprise data centers are built, owned & operated by companies and are optimized for their end
users. It contains essential hardware like servers, routers, switches and firewalls necessary for
managing the organization IT infrastructure.
• CO-LOCATION DATA CENTERS:
A company rents space within a data center owned by others and located off company premises. The
co-location data center hosts the infrastructure, cooling, bandwidth, security etc. While company
provides and manages the components including servers and firewalls.
• HYPERSCALE DATA CENTERS:
A Hyperscale data center is a large-scale facility designed to provide exceptional scalability for
computing and networking infrastructure. Typically supporting extensive applications for major
companies like Amazon and google. These data center are essential for handling massive amount of
data and maintaining robust performance.
COMPONENT OF DATA CENTER:
• Computing Resources (Physical and Virtualized)
• Storage Resources (DAS, NAS, SAN)
• Networking Infrastructure (Switch, Router, Firewall)
• Security (Physical and Data Security)
• Fault Tolerance and Redundancy
• Cooling Systems (AC)
• Power Backup (UPS)
• Intelligent Lock
• Generator set
• Fire Alarming System
• Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS
• Fire Alarming System
• Power Rails
 ACCESS CONTROL
SYSTEM

An access control system (ACS) is a

security system that limits access
to a facility by verifying the identity
of individuals or entities. ACSs can
use various methods of verification,
such as: Personal identification
numbers (PINs), Cards, Tokens,
Fingerprints, and Iris recognition.
 CCTV

CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television) is a TV system in which

signals are not publicly distributed but are monitored and
record signals primarily via private cables or wireless links
for surveillance and security purpose. There are multiple
ways to store CCTV footage, including : Local, Cloud and
Hybrid storage.
 RODENT REPELLANT SYSTEM

• High Frequency Signal Generators . Waves (above 20 kHz)

• It produces intensive sound waves @ high decibels which is painful to
rodents.
• Normally takes 4 to 6 weeks.
ADVANTAGES:
• Its Humane (PETA Recommended), You are not Killing Rats, Just
Chasing Them Away !!
• CLEAN and SAFE
• Compact and handy
• Easy to install
• Low Power Consumption
• Will not effect on other Electrical equipment (no electric interference)
 Standards
• NFPA 75
• NFPA 2001 / ISO 14520
• Local codes
• Standards typically describe
- Safety measures
 FIRE SUPPRESSION

Novec-1230
➢ cost effective installation and maintenance
➢ Very effective for fire suppression
➢ Clear gas
➢ Environmentally safe
➢ Gas containers should be reasonably close to data
centre
➢ Containers can be refilled on site
 TYPES OF FIRE
CLASS
A Fire involving ordinary combustible materials such as paper, wood, cloth and some
rubber and plastic materials.
B Fire involving flammable or combustible liquids, flammable gases, greases and similar
materials and some rubber and plastic materials.
C A fire involving energized electrical equipment where safety to the employee requires
the use of electrically nonconductive extinguishing media.
D Fire involving combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium,
lithium and potassium.
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
Clean Agent Fire Suppression System
 POWER SUPPLY

A power supply is an electrical device that converts AC

from a wall outlet to DC for computer component of a
data center power infrastructure, along with power
distribution units (PDUs). PDUs are essential for
ensuring a stable power supply and system operation.
When choosing a PDU you should consider its
compatibility with your server and motherboard as well
as its wattage rating.
Diesel Rotary UPS (DRUPS)
 COOLING SYSTEMS
A data center cooling system is a set of equipment, tools and
processes designed to remove heat generated by servers and
other electronic equipment, maintain optimal operating
temperature and prevent overheating that can lead to equipment
failure. This includes methods for expelling hot air and introducing
cool air to ensure a stable environment.

Cooling Capacity is often expressed in:

• Ton

• BTU, 1 ton is 12000 BTU

• Watt, 1 Watt is 3.41 BTU

• Horsepower, 1 horsepower is 746 Watt

 Differences between Comfort and Precision Cooling
Comfort Air Con
- Low sensible heat load capabilities
- Simple thermostat, temperature control
- No humidification and de-humidification section
- Not aimed at 24x7 operations
- Filter section often not adequate for data centre environments
- Often no proper interface for monitoring and control
Precision Air Conditioners
- Hign sensible heat load capabilities
- Contains humidification and de-humidification sections
- Proper filter sections
- Aimed at 24x7 operations and therefore more reliable and robust
- Proper interface for monitoring and control
 CONTAINMENT

What does
“Containment” What can be
“Contained”?
• Air always goes the easiest way!
mean?
Hot Aisle

• Without containment there is a

fast recirculation of warm air
from the rear side of racks to HOT COLD
Cold Aisle
their front side

Hot & Cold

It means to contain Aisles
different zones using
mechanical and real
barriers
TRADITIONAL COOLING
COOLING WITH CONTAINMENT
 DATA CENTER ELECTRONIC DAMAGE

COMPONENTS ONSET OF DAMAGE

Storage Media (Magnetic tape, Floppies) 52oC (125oF)

Hard Drive 66oC (150oF)

Electronic Components 79oC (174oF)

Paper 177oC (350oF)

 CAUSES OF DATA CENTRE FAILURE
Human Error
• No or poorly executed processes and work instructions
• Unauthorized access
• Accidents
• Unnoticed Alarms
Power Quality issues
• Poor voltage/current/frequency regulation
• Poor earthing
• Harmonics
Electro Magnetic Fields (EMF)
• High radiation levels from power cables/UPS/Transformers/PDU/Lighting etc
Environmental Conditions
• Temperature/ Humidity
• Wrong Cooling Principles
• High Levels of contamination
 NETWORK EQUIPMENT
• Server:

A server is a powerful device that provide resources, services or data to other

computers known as client over network. This setup follows a clients-server
architecture, where the server respond to request form clients.
• Router:

A router is a device that communicates between the internet and devices in your
home or office that connect to the internet. As the name implies, a router
“routes” internet traffic between connected device and the internet.
• Switch:

A switch is a network device that connects multiple devices within the network
using packet switching to receive and forward data to its intended destination.
• Firewall:

A firewall is a device that monitor and filters traffic entering and exiting an
organization network to block external threads. It can be software or hardware. It
is essentially the barrier that sits between a private network and the public
internet.
• Load-Balancer:

A load balancer is a device that distributes incoming user requests across multiple
servers, ensuring optimal resource utilization, improved performance and reliable
application availability. IT prevents any single server from being overwhelmed,
enhancing responsiveness and service reliability.
THANK YOU