EX-NO : 1 Implement apriori algorithm to extract association rule of data mining

AIM:

To implement apriori algorithm to extract association rule of data mining Using R studio

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Start R studio.

Step 2: Select File R script.

Step 3: Dialog box will appear. Enter filename.r and click save.

Step 4: If needed choose configure project else save.

Step 5: Write the coding in filename.r file.

Step 6: Save and run the application.

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PROGRAM:

library(arules)

library(arulesViz)

library(RColorBrewer)

# import dataset

data("Groceries")

# using apriori() function

rules <- apriori(Groceries,

parameter = list(supp = 0.01, conf = 0.2))

# using inspect() function

inspect(rules[1:10])

# using itemFrequencyPlot() function

arules::itemFrequencyPlot(Groceries, topN = 20,

col = brewer.pal(8, 'Pastel2'),

main = 'Relative Item Frequency Plot',

type = "relative",

ylab = "Item Frequency (Relative)")

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Hence the program has been executed successfully and the output is verified.

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EX-NO : 2 Implement k-means clustering technique

AIM:

To implement k-means clustering technique using R.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Start R studio.

Step 2: Select File R script.

Step 3: Dialog box will appear. Enter filename.r and click save.

Step 4: If needed choose configure project else save.

Step 5: Write the coding in filename.r file.

Step 6: Save and run the application.

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PROGRAM:

# Generate synthetic data

set.seed(123)

x <- cbind(x1 = rnorm(50, 0, 1), x2 = rnorm(50, 0, 1))

y <- cbind(x1 = rnorm(50, 5, 1), x2 = rnorm(50, 5, 1))

data <- rbind(x, y)

# Apply k-means clustering

k <- 2 # Number of clusters

kmeans_result <- kmeans(data, centers = k)

# Print cluster centers

print(kmeans_result$centers)

# Visualize clusters

plot(data, col = kmeans_result$cluster, main = "K-means Clustering", xlab = "x1", ylab = "x2")

points(kmeans_result$centers, col = 1:k, pch = 8, cex = 2)

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Hence the program has been executed successfully and the output is verified.

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EX-NO : 3 Implement any one hierarchical clustering

AIM:

To implement any one hierarchical clustering using R

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Start R studio.

Step 2: Select File R script.

Step 3: Dialog box will appear. Enter filename.r and click save.

Step 4: If needed choose configure project else save.

Step 5: Write the coding in filename.r file.

Step 6: Save and run the application.

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PROGRAM:

# Load the mtcars dataset

data(mtcars)

# View the structure of the dataset

str(mtcars)

# Perform hierarchical clustering using complete linkage

hc <- hclust(dist(mtcars), method = "complete")

# Plot the dendrogram

plot(hc, main = "Dendrogram of mtcars Dataset", xlab = "Cars", sub = "", cex = 0.6)

# Cut the dendrogram to get clusters

clusters <- cutree(hc, k = 3) # Specify the number of clusters (k)

# Add cluster labels to the dataset

mtcars$cluster <- clusters

# View the first few rows of the dataset with cluster labels

head(mtcars)

# Plot using cluster colors

plot(mtcars$mpg, mtcars$wt, col = clusters, pch = 19, main = "Clusters of mtcars Dataset", xlab =
"Miles/(US) gallon", ylab = "Weight (1000 lbs)")

legend("topright", legend = unique(clusters), col = 1:length(unique(clusters)), pch = 19)

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Hence the program has been executed successfully and the output is verified.

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EX-NO : 4 Implement classification algorithm

AIM:

To implement classification algorithm using R.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Start R studio.

Step 2: Select File R script.

Step 3: Dialog box will appear. Enter filename.r and click save.

Step 4: If needed choose configure project else save.

Step 5: Write the coding in filename.r file.

Step 6: Save and run the application

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PROGRAM:

# Generate synthetic data for binary classification

set.seed(123)

n <- 100 # Number of data points

x1 <- runif(n, 0, 10) # Feature 1

x2 <- runif(n, 0, 10) # Feature 2

class <- as.factor(ifelse(x1 + x2 > 10, "A", "B")) # Binary class label

# Combine features and class labels into a data frame

data <- data.frame(x1, x2, class)

# View the first few rows of the data

head(data)

# Plot the synthetic data

plot(x1, x2, col = as.integer(class), pch = 19, xlab = "Feature 1", ylab = "Feature 2")

legend("topright", legend = levels(class), col = 1:length(levels(class)), pch = 19)

# Train a logistic regression model

model <- glm(class ~ x1 + x2, data = data, family = binomial)

# Summary of the model

summary(model)

# Predict using the trained model

predictions <-

predict(model, newdata = data, type = "response")

# Convert probabilities to class labels

predicted_class <- ifelse(predictions > 0.5, "A", "B")

# Calculate accuracy

accuracy <- mean(predicted_class == data$class)

print(paste("Accuracy of the logistic regression model:", round(accuracy*100, 2), "%"))

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Hence the program has been executed successfully and the output is verified.

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EX-NO : 5 Implement decision tree

AIM:

To implement decision tree using R.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Start R studio.

Step 2: Select File R script.

Step 3: Dialog box will appear. Enter filename.r and click save.

Step 4: If needed choose configure project else save.

Step 5: Write the coding in filename.r file.

Step 6: Save and run the application

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PROGRAM:

# Load required library

library(rpart)

# Generate synthetic dataset

set.seed(123) # for reproducibility

n <- 100 # number of samples

x1 <- rnorm(n, mean = 0, sd = 1) # feature 1

x2 <- rnorm(n, mean = 0, sd = 1) # feature 2

y <- ifelse(x1 + x2 > 0, 1, 0) # target variable

# Combine features into a dataframe

data <- data.frame(x1, x2, y)

# Build decision tree model

model <- rpart(y ~ x1 + x2, data = data, method = "class")

# Plot the decision tree

plot(model)

text(model, use.n = TRUE)

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Hence the program has been executed successfully and the output is verified.

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EX-NO : 6 Linear Regression

AIM:

To implement linear regression using R.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Start R studio.

Step 2: Select File R script.

Step 3: Dialog box will appear. Enter filename.r and click save.

Step 4: If needed choose configure project else save.

Step 5: Write the coding in filename.r file.

Step 6: Save and run the application

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PROGRAM:

# Generate synthetic data

set.seed(123)

x <- 1:100 # Independent variable

y <- 2*x + rnorm(100, mean = 0, sd = 5) # Dependent variable with noise

# Fit linear regression model

model <- lm(y ~ x)

# Summary of the model

summary(model)

# Plot the data and the regression line

plot(x, y, main = "Linear Regression Example", xlab = "x", ylab = "y")

abline(model, col = "red")

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Hence the program has been executed successfully and the output is verified.

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EX-NO : 7 Data Visualization

AIM:

To implement data visualization using R.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Start R studio.

Step 2: Select File R script.

Step 3: Dialog box will appear. Enter filename.r and click save.

Step 4: If needed choose configure project else save.

Step 5: Write the coding in filename.r file.

Step 6: Save and run the application

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PROGRAM:

# Generate synthetic data

set.seed(123)

x <- 1:100

y <- rnorm(100, mean = 0, sd = 1)

# Plot histogram

hist(y, main = "Histogram of y", xlab = "Value of y", col = "skyblue")

OUTPUT:

# Plot scatter plot

plot(x, y, main = "Scatter plot of x and y", xlab = "x", ylab = "y")

OUTPUT:

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# Plot line plot

plot(x, y, type = "l", main = "Line plot of x and y", xlab = "x", ylab = "y", col = "red")

OUTPUT:

# Plot box plot

boxplot(y, main = "Boxplot of y", ylab = "Value of y", col = "orange")

OUTPUT:

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# Plot bar plot

barplot(table(cut(y, breaks = 5)), main = "Bar plot of y", xlab = "Bins of y", ylab = "Frequency", col =
"green")

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Hence the program has been executed successfully and the output is verified.

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