IEEE102L

Basic Electrical and

Electronics Engineering

Module – 01: DC Circuits

Lecture – 06: Thevenin’s and Maximum power transfer
theorems
Dr. Gokulakrishnan G
Assistant Professor,
1/10/2025
Dept. of Electrical Engineering, SELECT
 Thevenin’s Theorem
7 4
Ω Ω
I

Find IL for the given 24 L

V 10 RL=6
circuit Ω
Ω
7
7 2 7 2 7 4
Ω 1 1 IL=
Ω A Ω A Ω Ω
2 2
1 2 2 2 1A
4 1 5 1 A
1 A1 4 1 RL=6
0 4 4 4
V 0 V V 2 V 0 0 V 0
Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω
Ω

7 4
IL
Ω Ω
2 =
4 1 R
L

V 0 ?=10
R
Ω Ω
Complex V Th R
R
7 4
Network Th L

IL
Ω Ω
2 =
4 1 RL=10 Thevenin’s
0 ?
V
Ω Ω Equivalent
Circuit
1/10/2025
BEEE102L - Basic Electrical and Electronics
Thevenin’s Theorem

Any linear, bilateral network having terminals A and B can be replaced

by a single source of e.m.f. VTh in series with a single resistance RTh.
(i) The e.m.f. VTh is the voltage obtained across terminals A and B with load, if any
removed
i.e. it is open-circuited voltage between terminals A and B.
(
The
i resistance RTh is the resistance of the network measured between terminals A
and
i B with load removed and sources of e.m.f. replaced by their internal
resistances.
) Voltage sources are replaced with short circuits and current sources
are replaced with open circuits.
A A

Complex R
R V R
Network
Th

Th L
L

B
B
Thevenin’s
Equivalent
Circuit

1/10/2025
BEEE102L - Basic Electrical and Electronics
Thevenin’s Theorem

R R
Procedure for Finding Thevenin 1 2

Equivalent Circuit V
R RL
1. Open the two terminals (i.e., remove any load) 3

between

𝑉𝑇ℎ = Volatge
1. Find the open-circuitvoltage between the
which you want to find Thevenin equivalent circuit. R R

across 𝑅3
two open terminals. It is called Thevenin voltage 1 2

VTh.

𝑉 𝑉� = 𝑅 𝑅3
R V
Determine the resistance between the two open
+𝑅
2. 3
Th

� 1 3
terminalsV with all voltage sources shorted and
R R ℎ
all current sources opened. It is called Thevenin
𝑅1
resistance RTh.
1 2

𝑅𝑇ℎ = 𝑅2
equivalent circuit between the two terminals
1𝑅 +
RT

𝑅
3. Connect
under VTh and RTh in
consideration. series to produce R 3
+𝑅
h
3
Thevenin 3

5. Place the load resistor removed in step (1)

R
across the terminals of the Thevenin
equivalent circuit. The load current can now be
Th
�
� 𝑅𝑇ℎ
+ 𝑅𝐿
calculated using only Ohm’s law and it has the V R � = 𝑇ℎ �
�
same value as the load current in the original Th L
�
circuit.
1/10/2025
BEEE102L - Basic Electrical and Electronics
Thevenin’s Theorem

𝐼1 + 𝐼2
Examp Soluti
le on: 4 I I 5

𝑉𝑇ℎ − 4.5 + 𝑉𝑇ℎ

Find the current flowing Step Ω 1 2
Ω =0

through6Ω resistor using 1:

4.5 3 −3

𝑉𝑇ℎ =
= 04 5
V
Thevenin’s theorem. V
Th
V
4Ω 5Ω
3.83𝑉
4.5 3 Step 4 5
V 6 V 2: Ω Ω

𝑅𝑇ℎ = 4 + 5 =
Ω
4×5
RTh
2.22Ω

𝑉
RTh=

𝐼6
𝑅𝑇
Step 2.22

𝑇
+ 𝑅𝐿
3: Ω
ℎ
Ω
V =

𝐼6
6 = 3.
Th

ℎ
3.83 Ω
V 8 =
2.22
𝐴
Ω
36 0.47
1/10/2025 = +
BEEE102L - Basic Electrical and Electronics
Thevenin’s Theorem

Solut
𝐼1 + 𝐼2
Find the current flowing
ion:
through1Ω
𝑉 − 12
resistor using Thevenin’s

𝑉
Step 6 =2

𝑉
theorem.
6
V
6 Ω
1: I I2 1 + 1 = 2; 1 =
1
Ω Ω 6 1 15𝑉
𝐼2 =
12 6Ω
1

V 2 4 V 0
�
12 2 Ω 1=
4 1 A Th
�
𝑉𝑇ℎ =0𝐼2 × 4 =
V A 1
Ω Ω 1.5𝐴

6Ω 6𝑉
Step 6Ω

𝑅𝑇ℎ = 12
12
2:
× 4+ 4 =
4 R 12 4 R
Ω Th Ω Ω Th
3Ω

𝑉
𝐼
𝑅𝑇 𝑇ℎ
R
Step
+ 𝑅𝐿
�
Th
�
3:

𝐼𝐿 = 3 + 1 = 1.5𝐴
R
= ℎ
V 6
Th L

BEEE102L - Basic Electrical and Electronics

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1/10/2025